Editing First Opium War (section)

== References ==

=== Citations ===
{{reflist|30em}}

=== Sources ===
{{refbegin|30em}}
* [[Jack Beeching|Beeching, Jack]], ''The Chinese Opium Wars'' (Hutchinson, 1975)
* Bingham, John Elliot (1843). ''[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.511770 Narrative of the Expedition to China from the Commencement of the War to Its Termination in 1842]'' (2nd ed.). Volume 2. London: Henry Colburn.
* Compilation Group for the "History of Modern China" Series. (2000). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=2W1Jmh2QpukC The Opium War]''. Honolulu: University Press of the Pacific; reprint from 1976 edition. {{ISBN|0-89875-150-0}}.
* Crossley, Pamela Kyle; Siu, Helen F.; Sutton, Donald S. (2006), ''Empire at the Margins: Culture, Ethnicity, and Frontier in Early Modern China'', University of California Press, {{ISBN|0-520-23015-9}}.
*  Derden, John K. "The British Foreign Office and Policy Formation: The 1840s," ''Proceedings & Papers of the Georgia Association of Historians'' (1981) pp.&nbsp;64–79.
* Dillon, Michael (2010). [https://books.google.com/books?id=4wODajYOA-0C ''China: A Modern History'']. I. B. Tauris. {{ISBN|978-1-85043-582-2}}.
* Downs, Jacques M. (1997). [https://books.google.com/books?id=Tw4wBQAAQBAJ ''The Golden Ghetto: The American Commercial Community at Canton and the Shaping of American China Policy, 1784–1844'']. Bethlehem, PA: Lehigh University Press; reprinted, Hong Kong University Press, 2014. {{ISBN|0-934223-35-1}}.
* Elliot, Mark C. (2001), The Manchu Way: The Eight Banners and Ethnic Identity in Late Imperial China. Stanford University Press, {{ISBN|0-8047-4684-2}}.
* [[John King Fairbank|Fairbank, John King]], ''Trade and Diplomacy on the China Coast; the Opening of the Treaty Ports, 1842–1854'' (Harvard University Press, 1953).
* {{Cite book |last=Teng |first=Ssu-yu |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0maVJuCh78oC |title=China's Response to the West: A Documentary Survey, 1839–1923 |last2=Fairbank |first2=John King |author-link2=John K. Fairbank |publisher=Harvard University Press |year=1979 |isbn=9780674120259}}
* Fay, Peter Ward, ''The Opium War, 1840–1842: Barbarians in the Celestial Empire in the early part of the nineteenth century and the way by which they forced the gates ajar'' (Chapel Hill: [[University of North Carolina Press]], 2000).
* {{Cite book |last=Gray |first=Jack |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ApTwKwW5dDwC |title=Rebellions and Revolutions: China from the 1800s to 2000 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-19-870069-2 |location=New York}}
* Greenberg, Michael. ''British Trade and the Opening of China, 1800–42.'' (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, Cambridge Studies in Economic History, 1951). Various reprints. Uses Jardine Matheson papers to detail the British side of the trade.
* {{Cite book |last=Greenwood |first=Adrian |author-link=Adrian Greenwood |url=http://www.thehistorypress.co.uk/index.php/victoria-s-scottish-lion-26465.html |title=Victoria's Scottish Lion: The Life of Colin Campbell, Lord Clyde |publisher=History Press |year=2015 |isbn=978-0-7509-5685-7 |page=496 |access-date=26 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160221172547/http://www.thehistorypress.co.uk/index.php/victoria-s-scottish-lion-26465.html/ |archive-date=21 February 2016 |url-status=dead}}
* Hoe, Susanna; Roebuck, Derek (1999). ''The Taking of Hong Kong: Charles and Clara Elliot in China Waters''. Curzon Press. {{ISBN|0-7007-1145-7}}.
* Hsin-Pao Chang. ''Commissioner Lin and the Opium War.'' (Harvard University Press, Harvard East Asian Series, 1964).
* Hoiberg, Dale H., ed. (2010). "Aberdeen, George Hamilton-Gordon, 4th Earl". ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' (15th ed.). p.&nbsp;28. {{ISBN|978-1-59339-837-8}}.
* {{cite ECCP}}
* [[Kendall Johnson|Johnson, Kendall]], ''The New Middle Kingdom: China and the Early American Romance of Free Trade'' (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2017 {{ISBN|978-1-4214-2251-0}}).
* Klein, Thoralf. "Rethinking the Origins of ‘Western’ Imperialism in China: Global Constellations and Imperial Policies, 1790–1860." ''History Compass'' 10.11 (2012): 789–801. [http://www.academia.edu/download/40205850/Rethinking_the_Origins_of_Western_Imperialism_in_China_review2.doc online]{{dead link|date=January 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}
* Manhong Lin. ''China Upside Down: Currency, Society, and Ideologies, 1808–1856.'' (Cambridge, MA.: Harvard University Asia Center, Harvard East Asian Monographs, 2006). {{ISBN|0-674-02268-8}}. Detailed study of the economics of the trade.
* {{cite book |last=Mao |first=Haijian |title=The Qing Empire and the Opium War |publisher=Cambridge University Press |date=2016 |isbn=978-1-107-06987-9}}
* [[Julia Lovell|Lovell, Julia]], ''The Opium War: Drug, Dreams and the Making of China'' (London, Picador, 2011 {{ISBN|0-330-45747-0}}). Well referenced narrative using both Chinese and western sources and scholarship.
* McPherson, Duncan, Carruthers, Bob. ''The First Opium War, The Chinese Expedition 1840–1842, the illustrated edition'' (Coda Books, 2013). {{ISBN|978-1781583609}}.
* McPherson, Duncan. (1842). [[iarchive:twoyearsinchina00macpgoog|''Two Years in China: Narrative of the Chinese Expedition, from Its Formation in April 1840, Till April 1842: with an Appendix, Containing the Most Important of the General Orders & Despatches Published During the Above Period'']]. London: Saunders and Otley.
* Madancy, Joyce. "Unearthing popular attitudes toward the opium trade and opium suppression in Late Qing and Early Republican Fujian." ''Modern China'' 27.4 (2001): 436–483. [https://www.corwin.com/sites/default/files/upm-binaries/2947_10mc01.pdf#page=33 online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191224152158/https://www.corwin.com/sites/default/files/upm-binaries/2947_10mc01.pdf#page=33 |date=24 December 2019 }}
* Makeham, John (2008). [https://books.google.com/books?id=TQ4NAQAAMAAJ ''China: The World's Oldest Living Civilization Revealed'']. Thames & Hudson. p.&nbsp;331. {{ISBN|978-0-500-25142-3}}.
* Melancon, Glenn. "Honour in Opium? The British Declaration of War on China, 1839–1840." ''International History Review'' 21.4 (1999): 855–874. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/40109164 online]
* Melancon, Glenn. ''Britain's China Policy and the Opium Crisis: Balancing Drugs, Violence and National Honour, 1833–1840'' (Routledge, 2017).
* Morse, Hosea Ballou. ''[[iarchive:internationalrel00mors|The International Relations of the Chinese Empire]]''. Volume 1. (1910)
* {{Cite journal |last=Miron |first=Jeffrey A. |last2=Feige |first2=Chris |name-list-style=amp |year=2008 |title=The Opium Wars: Opium Legalization and Opium Consumption in China |url=https://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/11379703/miron-opium-wars.pdf?sequence=3 |journal=Applied Economics Letters |volume=15 |issue=12 |pages=911–913 |doi=10.1080/13504850600972295 |s2cid=218639653}}
* Newman, Richard K. "Opium smoking in late imperial China: a reconsideration." ''Modern Asian Studies'' 29.4 (1995): 765–794.
* Polachek, James M., ''The Inner Opium War'' (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Council on East Asian Studies, Harvard University, 1992.) Based on court records and diaries, presents the debates among Chinese officials whether to legalise or suppress the use and trade in opium.
* [https://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/opium_wars_01/ow1_essay_03.pdf Perdue, Peter C., "The First Opium War: The Anglo-Chinese War of 1839–1842: Hostilities"] (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. MIT Visualizing Cultures).
* Rait, Robert S. (1903). ''[[iarchive:cu31924088002120|The Life and Campaigns of Hugh, First Viscount Gough, Field-Marshal]]''. Volume 1. Westminster: Archibald Constable.
* ''Frontier and Overseas Expeditions From India'', vol. 6, p.&nbsp;382
* {{Cite book |last=Spence |first=Jonathan D. |author-link=Jonathan Spence |title=The Search for Modern China |publisher=W. W. Norton |year=1999 |isbn=978-0-393-97351-8 |edition=2nd |location=New York}}
* Spence, Jonathan D. "Opium Smoking in Ch’ing China." in ''Conflict and Control in Late Imperial China. '' Edited by Frederic Wakeman Jr. and Carolyn Grant. (University of California Press, 1975).
* {{Cite book |last=Wakeman |first=Frederic E. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NCgXTcXH-3MC |title=Strangers at the Gate; Social Disorder in South China, 1839–1861 |publisher=University of California Press |year=1966 |isbn=0520212398 |location=Berkeley}}
* [[Arthur Waley|Waley, Arthur]], ''The Opium War Through Chinese Eyes'' (London: Allen & Unwin, 1958; reprinted Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 1968). Translations and narrative based on Lin's writings.
* ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=StpbAAAAQAAJ Correspondence Relating to China]'' (1840). London: Printed by T. R. Harrison.
* ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=0JZCAAAAYAAJ The Chinese Repository]'' (1840). Volume 8.
* [[Arthur Waley|Waley, Arthur]] (2013) [First published 1958]. [https://books.google.com/books?id=acH8AQAAQBAJ ''The Opium War Through Chinese Eyes'']. Taylor & Francis. {{ISBN|978-1-136-57665-2}}.
* Myers, H. Ramon; Wang, Yeh-Chien (2002), "Economic developments, 1644–1800", in Peterson Willard J. (ed.), ''Part One: The Ch'ing Empire to 1800'', The Cambridge History of China, '''9''', Cambridge University Press, pp.&nbsp;563–647, {{ISBN|978-0-521-24334-6}}.
* [[Charles C. Mann]] (2011), [https://archive.org/details/1493uncoveringne00mann ''1493: Uncovering the New World Columbus Created''], Random House Digital, pp.&nbsp;123–163, {{ISBN|9780307596727}}
* Bernard, William Dallas; Hall, William Hutcheon (1847). ''[https://archive.org/details/nemesisinchinac01hallgoog The Nemesis in China]'' (3rd ed.). London: Henry Colburn.
* Parker, Edward Harper (1888). ''Chinese Account of the Opium War''. Shanghai
* {{Cite journal |last=Headrick |first=Daniel R. |year=1979 |title=The Tools of Imperialism: Technology and the Expansion of European Colonial Empires in the Nineteenth Century |url=http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/imperialism/articles/headrick.pdf |journal=The Journal of Modern History |volume=51 |issue=2 |pages=231–263 |doi=10.1086/241899 |s2cid=144141748 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629144158/http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/imperialism/articles/headrick.pdf |archive-date=29 June 2011}}
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=J9Q1AAAAMAAJ ''Bulletins and Other State Intelligence'']. Compiled and arranged from the official documents published in the London Gazette. London: F. Watts. 1841.
* Granville G. Loch. [https://archive.org/details/closingeventsca01lochgoog The Closing Events of the Campaign in China: The Operations in the Yang-tze-kiang and] treaty [https://archive.org/details/closingeventsca01lochgoog of Nanking]. London. 1843 [2014-07-13]
* "The Count of Aberdeen to Sir Henry Pudding" The "History of the Chinese Empire" (Chinese translation) vol. 1, pp.&nbsp;755–756.
* Gao, Shujuan (高淑娟); Feng, Bin (冯斌) (2003). [https://books.google.com/books?id=FR367iWJdb8C ''Comparative Outline of Chinese and Japanese Foreign Policy: Central Trade Policy in the Final Years of the Imperial Era (中日对外经济政策比较史纲: 以封建末期贸易政策为中心)'']. Qinghua University Chinese Economic Historiography Series (清华大学中国经济史学丛书) (in Chinese). [[Tsinghua University]] Publishing (清华大学出版社). {{ISBN|978-7302075172}}.
{{refend}}