Editing History of the Internet (section)

=== Web 2.0 ===
The term "Web 2.0" describes [[website]]s that emphasize [[user-generated content]] (including user-to-user interaction), [[usability]], and [[Web API|interoperability]]. It first appeared in a January 1999 article called "Fragmented Future" written by [[Darcy DiNucci]], a consultant on [[information architecture|electronic information design]], where she wrote:<ref name="graham">{{cite web|url=http://www.paulgraham.com/web20.html |title=Web 2.0 |first=Paul|last=Graham |author-link=Paul Graham (computer programmer) |date=November 2005 |access-date=2006-08-02 |quote=I first heard the phrase 'Web 2.0' in the name of the Web 2.0 conference in 2004.}}</ref><ref name="oreilly">{{cite web|url=http://www.oreillynet.com/pub/a/oreilly/tim/news/2005/09/30/what-is-web-20.html |title=What Is Web 2.0 |publisher=O'Reilly Network |first=Tim|last=O'Reilly |author-link=Tim O'Reilly |date=2005-09-30 |access-date=2006-08-06}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Strickland |first=Jonathan |url=http://computer.howstuffworks.com/web-20.htm |title=How Web 2.0 Works |website=computer.howstuffworks.com |date=2007-12-28 |access-date=2015-02-28}}</ref><ref name="DiNucci">{{cite journal
|last=DiNucci |first=Darcy
|year=1999
|title=Fragmented Future
|journal=Print
|volume=53
|issue=4
|page=32
|url=http://darcyd.com/fragmented_future.pdf
}}</ref>

{{Blockquote|The Web we know now, which loads into a browser window in essentially static screenfuls, is only an embryo of the Web to come. The first glimmerings of Web 2.0 are beginning to appear, and we are just starting to see how that embryo might develop. The Web will be understood not as screenfuls of text and graphics but as a transport mechanism, the ether through which interactivity happens. It will [...] appear on your computer screen, [...] on your TV set [...] your car dashboard [...] your cell phone [...] hand-held game machines [...] maybe even your microwave oven.}}

The term resurfaced during 2002–2004,<ref>{{cite web | title=RSS: INJAN (It's not just about news) | website=Kingsley Idehen's Blog | date=21 Aug 2003| url=http://www.openlinksw.com:80/dataspace/kidehen@openlinksw.com/weblog/kidehen@openlinksw.com's%20BLOG%20%5B127%5D/241 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091128090508/http://www.openlinksw.com:80/dataspace/kidehen@openlinksw.com/weblog/kidehen@openlinksw.com's%20BLOG%20%5B127%5D/241 | archive-date=28 November 2009 | url-status=unfit}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Jeff Bezos Comments about Web Services | website=Kingsley Idehen's Blog | date=25 Sep 2003 | url=http://www.openlinksw.com/dataspace/kidehen@openlinksw.com/weblog/kidehen@openlinksw.com's%20BLOG%20%5B127%5D/373 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120307150619/http://www.openlinksw.com/dataspace/kidehen@openlinksw.com/weblog/kidehen@openlinksw.com's%20BLOG%20%5B127%5D/373 | archive-date=7 March 2012 | url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Knorr, Eric 2003">{{cite magazine |last=Knorr |first=Eric |title=The year of Web services |magazine=CIO |date=15 December 2003| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1QwAAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA90 | page=90}}</ref><ref name="jrobb.mindplex.org">{{cite web |title=Web 2.0 | website=John Robb's Weblog | date=16 August 2003 | url=http://jrobb.mindplex.org:80/2003/08/16.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030918142346/http://jrobb.mindplex.org:80/2003/08/16.html | archive-date=18 September 2003 | url-status=unfit}}</ref> and gained prominence in late 2004 following presentations by [[Tim O'Reilly]] and Dale Dougherty at the first [[Web 2.0 Summit|Web 2.0 Conference]]. In their opening remarks, [[John Battelle]] and Tim O'Reilly outlined their definition of the "Web as Platform", where software applications are built upon the Web as opposed to upon the desktop. The unique aspect of this migration, they argued, is that "customers are building your business for you".<ref name="O'Reilly, Tim 2004">O'Reilly, Tim, and John Battelle. 2004. Opening Welcome: State of the Internet Industry. In San Francisco, California, October 5.</ref>{{primary inline|reason=A presentation is not per se [[WP:V|verifiable]]. Cite a report, transcript or recording of it instead|date=February 2025}} They argued that the activities of users generating content (in the form of ideas, text, videos, or pictures) could be "harnessed" to create value.

"Web 2.0" does not refer to an update to any technical specification, but rather to cumulative changes in the way Web pages are made and used. "Web 2.0" describes an approach, in which sites focus substantially upon allowing users to interact and collaborate with each other in a [[social media]] dialogue as creators of [[user-generated content]] in a [[virtual community]], in contrast to Web sites where people are limited to the passive viewing of [[Content (media and publishing)|content]]. Examples of Web 2.0 include [[social networking service]]s, [[blog]]s, [[wiki]]s, [[Folksonomy|folksonomies]], [[video sharing]] sites, [[Web service|hosted services]], [[Web application]]s, and [[Mashup (web application hybrid)|mashups]].<ref>{{cite web | last=O'Reilly | first=Tim | title=Web 2.0: Compact Definition? | website=O'Reilly Radar | date=1 October 2005 | url=http://radar.oreilly.com/2005/10/web-20-compact-definition.html}}</ref> [[Terry Flew]], in his 3rd edition of ''New Media'', described what he believed to characterize the differences between Web 1.0 and Web 2.0:

{{quote|[The] move from personal websites to blogs and blog site aggregation, from publishing to participation, from web content as the outcome of large up-front investment to an ongoing and interactive process, and from content management systems to links based on tagging (folksonomy).<ref>{{Cite book
  |title=New Media: An Introduction
  |last=Flew  |first=Terry
  |year=2008
  |edition=3rd
  |publisher=Oxford University Press  |location=Melbourne
  |page=19
| isbn=978-0-19-555149-5
}}</ref>}}

This era saw several household names gain prominence through their community-oriented operation – [[YouTube]], Twitter, Facebook, [[Reddit]] and Wikipedia being some examples.