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Language revitalization
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==== Livonian ==== {{Main|Livonian language revival}} The Livonian language, a Finnic language, once spoken on about a third of modern-day Latvian territory,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d6ig3YQ5Z64|title=Lecture by Valts Ernštreits "Chasing the heritage of Livonians - Latvia's indigenous people"|date=6 October 2020 |via=www.youtube.com}}</ref> died in the 21st century with the death of the last native speaker [[Grizelda Kristiņa]] on 2 June 2013.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thetimes.com/comment/register/article/death-of-a-language-last-ever-speaker-of-livonian-passes-away-aged-103-8k0rlplv8xj |title=Death of a language: last ever speaker of Livonian passes away aged 103 |first=David |last=Charter |work=[[The Times]]}}</ref> Today there are about 210 people mainly living in Latvia who identify themselves as Livonian and speak the language on the A1-A2 level according to the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages and between 20 and 40 people who speak the language on level B1 and up.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.livones.net/valoda/?raksts=8701 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202235047/http://www.livones.net/valoda/?raksts=8701 |url-status=dead |archive-date=February 2, 2014 |title=livones.net |date=February 2, 2014}}</ref> Today all speakers learn Livonian as a second language. There are different programs educating Latvians on the cultural and linguistic heritage of Livonians and the fact that most Latvians have common Livonian descent.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=90cWpvhdfdY |title=Lībiešu tradicionālā kultūra Latvijas kultūras kanonā. Stāsta Valts Ernštreits. |date=23 October 2019 |trans-title=Livonian traditional culture in the cultural canon of Latvia. Narrated by Walt Ernstreit. |language=lv |via=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> Programs worth mentioning include: * Livones.net<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.livones.net/en |title=Livones.net |website=www.livones.net}}</ref> with extensive information about language, history and culture * The Livonian Institute of the University of Latvia<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.livones.net/lili/en |title=Livones.net |website=www.livones.net|date=20 November 2022 }}</ref> doing research on the Livonian language, other Finnic languages in Latvia and providing an extensive Livonian-Latvian-Estonian dictionary with declinations/conjugations<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.livones.net/lili/en/vardnica/ |title=Livones.net |website=www.livones.net}}</ref> * Virtual Livonia<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://virtuallivonia.info/ |title=Virtual Livonia ∙ Līvõmō Internets ∙ Līvzeme Internetā |website=Virtual Livonia}}</ref> providing information on the Livonian language and especially its grammar * Mierlinkizt:<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.livones.net/lv/norises/2020/libiesu-vasaras-skola-mierlinkizt |title=Livones.net - Lībiešu vasaras skola "Mierlinkizt" |trans-title=Livonian summer school "Mierlinkizt" |language=lv |website=www.livones.net}}</ref> An annual summer camp for children to teach children about the Livonian language, culture etc. * Līvõd Īt (Livonian Union)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.livones.net/en/cilveki/organizacijas/livod-it-livonian-union |title=Livones.net - Līvõd Īt (Livonian Union) |website=www.livones.net}}</ref> The Livonian linguistic and cultural heritage is included in the Latvian cultural canon<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://kulturaskanons.lv/archive/libiesu-kultura/ |title=Lībiešu tradicionālā kultūra | Latvijas kultūras kanons |trans-title=Livonian traditional culture | Latvian cultural canon |language=lv}}</ref> and the protection, revitalization and development of Livonian as an indigenous language is guaranteed by Latvian law<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://likumi.lv/doc.php?id=14740 |title=Valsts valodas likums |trans-title=State Language Law |language=lv |website=LIKUMI.LV}}</ref>
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