Editing Liverpool (section)

===Ethnicity===
In recent decades, Liverpool's population is becoming more multicultural. According to the 2021 census, 77% of all Liverpool residents described their ethnic group as White English, Welsh, Scottish, Northern Irish or British. The remaining 23% were described as non-White English/British. Between 2011 and 2021, there was population growth across all ethnic groups, except 'White English/British' and 'Any Other', where there were overall losses. The number of 'Other White residents' in Liverpool also increased by almost 12,000 people, with notable increases in the 'Other Asian', 'Arab', and 'Other Mixed/Multiple' population categories. The non-White English/British population as a percentage of the total population across the [[2023 Liverpool City Council election|'newly organised city electoral wards']] ranged from 5% in the [[Orrell Park (Liverpool ward)|Orrell Park]] ward to 69% in the [[Princes Park (Liverpool ward)|Princes Park]] ward. Nine out of ten Liverpool residents regarded English as their main language. The most spoken non-English languages in the city were [[Arabic]] (5,743 main speakers) followed by [[Polish language|Polish]] (4,809 main speakers). Overall, almost 45,000 residents had a main language that was not English.<ref name="2021ethnicity">{{Cite web|title=Ethnicity – Census 2021|url=https://liverpool.gov.uk/council/key-statistics-and-data/census-2021/ethnicity|access-date=11 September 2023|website=liverpool.gov.uk|archive-date=18 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230918184737/https://liverpool.gov.uk/council/key-statistics-and-data/census-2021/ethnicity|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{table alignment}}
{|class="wikitable col1left" style="text-align:right;" id="toc"; margin-left:2em;cellspacing="3" 
|+Ethnic breakdown in Liverpool – ([[2021 United Kingdom census|UK Census 2021]])<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ethnic group, England and Wales: Census 2021|url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/culturalidentity/ethnicity/bulletins/ethnicgroupenglandandwales/census2021|access-date=11 September 2023|website=ons.gov.uk|archive-date=22 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922140157/https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/culturalidentity/ethnicity/bulletins/ethnicgroupenglandandwales/census2021|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="2021ethnicity"/>
!rowspan=2|[[Ethnic groups in the United Kingdom|Ethnic group]]!!colspan=2|Population
|-
!Number!!Percentage
|-
|White: English, Welsh, Scottish, Northern Irish or British||375,785||77.3
|-
|White: Other White||24,162||5.0
|-
|Black, Black British, Black Welsh, Caribbean or African: African||12,709||2.6
|-
|Asian, Asian British or Asian Welsh: Chinese||8,841||1.8
|-
|Other ethnic group: Arab||8,312||1.7
|-
|Other ethnic group: Any other ethnic group||7,722||1.6
|-
|Asian, Asian British or Asian Welsh: Other Asian||7,085||1.5
|-
|White: Irish||6,826||1.4
|-
|Asian, Asian British or Asian Welsh: Indian||6,251||1.3
|-
|Mixed or multiple ethnic groups: Other mixed or multiple ethnic groups||4,934||1.0
|-
|Mixed or multiple ethnic groups: White and Black African||4,157||0.9
|-
|Mixed or multiple ethnic groups: White and Black Caribbean||4,127||0.8
|-
|Asian, Asian British or Asian Welsh: Pakistani||3,673||0.8
|-
|Mixed or multiple ethnic groups: White and Asian||3,662||0.8
|-
|Black, Black British, Black Welsh, Caribbean or African: Other Black||2,762||0.6
|-
|Asian, Asian British or Asian Welsh: Bangladeshi||1,917||0.4
|-
|Black, Black British, Black Welsh, Caribbean or African: Caribbean||1,493||0.3
|-
|White: Roma||1,169||0.2
|-
|White: Gypsy or Irish Traveller||501||0.1
|}

According to a 2014 survey, the ten most popular surnames of Liverpool and their occurrence in the population are:<ref>{{Cite web|last=Gibbons|first=Lottie|date=20 March 2020|title=100 most common surnames in Merseyside and how many have them|url=https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/100-most-common-surnames-merseyside-17957357|access-date=5 June 2020|website=Liverpool Echo|archive-date=19 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201119212735/https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/100-most-common-surnames-merseyside-17957357|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The 100 most common surnames in Merseyside – are you on the list?|url=https://www.wirralglobe.co.uk/news/18301505.100-common-surnames-merseyside---list/|access-date=5 June 2020|website=Wirral Globe|date=15 March 2020|archive-date=11 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411182030/https://www.wirralglobe.co.uk/news/18301505.100-common-surnames-merseyside---list/|url-status=live}}</ref>
:1. Jones – 23,012
:2. Smith – 16,276
:3. Williams – 13,997
:4. Davies – 10,149
:5. Hughes – 9,787
:6. Roberts – 9,571
:7. Taylor – 8,219
:8. Johnson – 6,715
:9. Brown – 6,603
:10. Murphy – 6,495

Liverpool is home to Britain's oldest [[Black people|Black]] community, dating to at least the 1730s. Some Liverpudlians can trace their black ancestry in the city back ten generations.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Costello|first=Ray|title=Black Liverpool: The Early History of Britain's Oldest Black Community 1730–1918|publisher=Picton Press|location=Liverpool|year=2001|isbn=978-1-873245-07-1}}</ref> Early Black settlers in the city included seamen, the children of traders sent to be educated, and [[Liverpool slave trade|freed slaves]], since slaves entering the country after 1722 were deemed free men.<ref name="McIntyre-Brown">{{Cite book|last=McIntyre-Brown|first=Arabella|author2=Woodland, Guy|title=Liverpool: The First 1,000 Years|publisher=Garlic Press|location=Liverpool|year=2001|page=57|isbn=978-1-904099-00-0}}</ref> Since the 20th century, Liverpool is also noted for its large [[British African-Caribbean people|African-Caribbean]],<ref name="2021 Nomis"/> [[Ghanaians in the United Kingdom|Ghanaian]],<ref name=IOMGhanaians>{{cite web|url=http://www.iomlondon.org/doc/mapping/IOM_GHANA.pdf|title=Ghana Mapping Exercise|publisher=International Organization for Migration|access-date=13 September 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120304145035/http://www.iomlondon.org/doc/mapping/IOM_GHANA.pdf|archive-date=4 March 2012}}</ref> and [[Somalis in the United Kingdom|Somali]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.liverpoolpct.nhs.uk/Library/Impact/IA0073.doc|archive-url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20100408051421/http://www.liverpoolpct.nhs.uk/Library/Impact/IA0073.doc|archive-date=8 April 2010|title=Liverpool City Council/Liverpool PCT Equality Impact Assessment Template|publisher=The National Archives|access-date=16 November 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> communities, formed of more recent African-descended immigrants and their subsequent generations.
[[File:Chinese Arch, Nelson Street, Liverpool - geograph.org.uk - 4894314.jpg|thumb|left|Liverpool has the oldest [[British Chinese|Chinese community]] in Europe and the largest [[Paifang|Chinese arch]] outside China.]]
The city is also home to the oldest [[British Chinese|Chinese community]] in Europe; the first residents of the city's [[Chinatown, Liverpool|Chinatown]] arrived as seamen in the 19th century.<ref name="Chinese">{{cite web|url=http://www.mersey-gateway.org/server.php?show=ConWebDoc.1369|title=Culture and Ethnicity Differences in Liverpool – Chinese Community|publisher=Chambré Hardman Trust|access-date=6 August 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090724204513/http://www.mersey-gateway.org/server.php?show=ConWebDoc.1369|archive-date=24 July 2009}}</ref> The traditional Chinese gateway erected in Liverpool's Chinatown is the largest such gateway outside China. Liverpool also has a long-standing [[Filipinos|Filipino]] community. [[Lita Roza]], a singer from Liverpool who was the first woman to achieve a UK number one hit, had Filipino ancestry.

The city is also known for its large [[Irish people in Great Britain|Irish]] and [[Welsh people|Welsh]] populations.<ref name="IrishWelsh">{{cite web|url=http://www.mersey-gateway.org/server.php?show=ConWebDoc.1372|title=Culture and Ethnicity Differences in Liverpool – European Communities|publisher=Chambré Hardman Trust|access-date=6 August 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090110073826/http://www.mersey-gateway.org/server.php?show=ConWebDoc.1372|archive-date=10 January 2009}}</ref> In 1813, 10 per cent of Liverpool's population was Welsh, leading to the city becoming known as "the capital of [[North Wales]]."<ref name="IrishWelsh"/>

During, and in the decades following, the [[Great Irish Famine]] in the mid-19th century, up to two million Irish people travelled to Liverpool within one decade, with many subsequently departing for the United States.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/liverpool/content/articles/2005/07/20/coast05walks_stage5.shtml|title=Coast Walk: Stage 5 – Steam Packet Company|publisher=BBC|access-date=6 August 2008|archive-date=15 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515062428/http://www.bbc.co.uk/liverpool/content/articles/2005/07/20/coast05walks_stage5.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref> By 1851, more than 20 per cent of the population of Liverpool was Irish.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/nof/emigrants/access/liverpool.asp?%5Blookup%5D=irish|title=Leaving from Liverpool|publisher=National Museums Liverpool|access-date=6 August 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081007071211/http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/nof/emigrants/access/liverpool.asp?%5Blookup%5D=irish|archive-date=7 October 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> At the 2001 Census, 1.17 per cent of the population were Welsh-born and 0.75 per cent were born in the [[Republic of Ireland]], while 0.54 per cent were born in [[Northern Ireland]],<ref name="CoB">{{cite web|url=http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=3&b=276787&c=liverpool&d=13&e=13&g=359393&i=1001x1003x1004&o=198&m=0&r=1&s=1219587699578&enc=1&dsFamilyId=11|archive-url=https://archive.today/20121224192237/http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=3&b=276787&c=liverpool&d=13&e=13&g=359393&i=1001x1003x1004&o=198&m=0&r=1&s=1219587699578&enc=1&dsFamilyId=11|url-status=dead|archive-date=24 December 2012|title=Neighbourhood Statistics: Country of Birth|publisher=Office for National Statistics|access-date=24 August 2008}}</ref> but many more Liverpudlians are of legacy Welsh or Irish ancestry.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ft.com/content/b362aa48-6875-11ea-a3c9-1fe6fedcca75|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/b362aa48-6875-11ea-a3c9-1fe6fedcca75|archive-date=10 December 2022|url-access=subscription|url-status=live|title=Liverpool holds fast to its Irish identity through Brexit and beyond|work=Financial Times|first=Andy|last=Bounds|date=19 March 2020|access-date=1 June 2020}}</ref>

Other contemporary ethnicities include [[British Indian|Indian]],<ref name="2021 Nomis"/> [[Latin American migration to the United Kingdom|Latin American]],<ref name="Latin American Liverpool">{{cite news|url=http://www.liverpool.com/news/liverpool-s-latin-quarter-just-around-the-corner.html|title=Liverpool's Latin quarter – just around the corner|publisher=Liverpool.com|access-date=13 September 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121011061807/http://www.liverpool.com/news/liverpool-s-latin-quarter-just-around-the-corner.html|archive-date=11 October 2012}}</ref> [[Malaysians in the United Kingdom|Malaysian]],<ref name=IOMMalaysians>{{cite web|url=http://www.iomlondon.org/doc/mapping/IOM_MALAYSIA.pdf|title=Malaysia Mapping Exercise|publisher=International Organization for Migration|access-date=13 September 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120304145015/http://www.iomlondon.org/doc/mapping/IOM_MALAYSIA.pdf|archive-date=4 March 2012}}</ref> and [[Yemenis in the United Kingdom|Yemeni]]<ref name="BBC Yemenis">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/history/uk_1.shtml|title=Islam and Britain|publisher=BBC|access-date=13 September 2012|archive-date=22 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210322232559/http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/history/uk_1.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref> communities, which number several thousand each.