Editing Peru (section)

===Visual arts===
{{Main|Peruvian art}}
Peruvian art has its origin in the [[Peruvian Ancient Cultures|Andean civilizations]]. These civilizations arose in the territory of modern Peru before the [[Spanish colonization of the Americas|arrival of the Spanish]]. Peruvian art incorporated European elements after the Spanish conquest and continued to evolve throughout the centuries up to the modern day.
==== Pre-Columbian art ====
Peru's earliest artwork came from the [[Cupisnique]] culture, which was concentrated on the Pacific coast, and the Chavín culture, which was largely north of [[Lima]] between the Andean mountain ranges of the [[Cordillera Negra]] and the [[Cordillera Blanca]]. Decorative work from this era, approximately the 9th century BCE, was symbolic and religious in nature. The artists worked with gold, silver, and [[Ceramics (art)|ceramics]] to create a variety of sculptures and relief carvings. These civilizations were also known for their architecture and wood sculptures.

The [[Paracas culture|Paracas]] Cavernas and Paracas [[Necropolis]] cultures developed on the south coast of Peru between the 9th century BCE and the 2nd century CE. Paracas Cavernas produced complex polychrome and monochrome ceramics with religious representations. Burials from the Paracas Necropolis also yielded complex textiles, many produced with sophisticated geometric patterns. The 3rd century BCE saw the flowering of the urban culture, [[Moche (culture)|Moche]], in the [[Lambayeque (Department of Peru)|Lambayeque]] region. The Moche culture produced architectural works, such as the [[Huaca del Sol|Huacas del Sol y de la Luna]] and the [[Huaca Rajada]] of [[Sipán]]. They were experts at [[Terrace (agriculture)|cultivation in terraces]] and [[hydraulic engineering]] and produced original ceramics, textiles, pictorial and sculptural works. Another urban culture, the [[Huari Culture|Wari civilization]], flourished between the 8th and 12th centuries in [[Ayacucho (Department of Peru)|Ayacucho]]. Their centralized town planning was extended to other areas, such as [[Pachacamac]], [[Cajamarquilla]] and [[Wari Willka]]. Between the 9th and 13th centuries CE, the military urban [[Tiwanaku]] empire rose by the borders of [[Lake Titicaca]]. Centered around a city of the same name in modern-day Bolivia, the Tiwanaku introduced stone architecture and sculpture of a monumental type. These works of architecture and art were made possible by the Tiwanaku's developing [[bronze]], which enabled them to make the necessary tools.

Urban architecture reached a new height between the 14th and 15th centuries in the [[Chimú Culture]]. The Chimú built the city of [[Chan Chan]] in the valley of the [[Moche River]], in [[La Libertad (Department of Peru)|La Libertad]]. The Chimú were skilled [[goldsmith]]s and created remarkable works of [[hydraulic engineering]]. The [[Inca Empire|Inca Civilization]], which united Peru under its hegemony in the centuries immediately preceding the Spanish conquest, incorporated into their own works a great part of the cultural legacy of the civilizations which preceded it. Important relics of their artwork and architecture can be seen in cities like [[Cusco (Department of Peru)|Cusco]], architectural remains like [[Sacsayhuamán]] and [[Machu Picchu]] and stone pavements that united Cusco with the rest of the Inca Empire.

==== Colonial art ====
{{Main|Peruvian colonial architecture|Cusco School}}
[[File:Saint Joseph and the Christ Child - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|upright=.8|''Saint Joseph and the Christ Child'', Anonymous, [[Cusco School|Colonial Cusco Painting School]], 17th–18th century]]
Peruvian sculpture and painting began to define themselves from the [[Studio|ateliers]] founded by monks, who were strongly influenced by the Sevillian Baroque School. In this context, the stalls of the [[Metropolitan Cathedral of Lima|Cathedral]] choir, the fountain of the Main Square of Lima both by [[Pedro de Noguera]], and a great part of the colonial production were registered. The first center of art established by the Spanish was the [[Cuzco School]] that taught [[Quechua languages|Quechua]] artists European painting styles. [[Diego Quispe Tito]] (1611–1681) was one of the first members of the Cuzco school and [[Marcos Zapata]] (1710–1773) was one of the last.<ref name="Bayon" />

Painting of this time reflected a synthesis of European and Indigenous influences, as is evident in the portrait of prisoner Atahualpa, by D. de Mora or in the canvases of the Italians [[Mateo Pérez de Alesio]] and Angelino Medoro, the Spaniards Francisco Bejarano and J. de Illescas and the Creole J. Rodriguez.

During the 17th and 18th centuries, the [[Baroque]] and [[Rococo]] styles, with their heavy ornamentation and predominantly curved lines, also dominated the fields of architecture and [[plastic arts]], as for example on the walls of the [[Basilica and Convent of San Francisco, Lima|Monastery of San Francisco]] in Lima.