Editing Prenatal testing (section)

=== Prenatal genetic testing ===
Another important issue is the uncertainty of prenatal genetic testing. Uncertainty on genetic testing results from several reasons: the genetic test is associated with a disease but the prognosis and/or probability is unknown, the genetic test provides information different than the familiar disease they tested for, found genetic variants have unknown significance, and finally, results may not be associated with found fetal abnormalities.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Richardson A, Ormond KE | title = Ethical considerations in prenatal testing: Genomic testing and medical uncertainty | journal = Seminars in Fetal & Neonatal Medicine | volume = 23 | issue = 1 | pages = 1–6 | date = February 2018 | pmid = 29033309 | doi = 10.1016/j.siny.2017.10.001}}</ref> Richardson and Ormond thoroughly addressed the issue of uncertainty of genetic testing and explained its implication for bioethics. First, the principle of beneficence is assumed in prenatal testing by decreasing the risk of miscarriage, however, uncertain information derived from genetic testing may harm the parents by provoking anxiety and leading to the termination of a fetus that is probably healthy. Second, the principle of autonomy is undermined given a lack of comprehension resulting from new technologies and changing knowledge in the field of genetics. And third, the principle of justice raised issues regarding equal access to emerging prenatal tests.{{cn|date=February 2025}}