Editing San Francisco (section)

==Infrastructure==

===Transportation===
{{see also|Transportation in the San Francisco Bay Area}}

====Public transportation====
{{See also|San Francisco Municipal Railway}}
[[File:Cable Car No. 1 and Alcatraz Island.jpg|thumb|upright|A [[San Francisco cable car system|San Francisco cable car]] with [[Alcatraz]] seen behind]]

Transit is the most used form of transportation every day in San Francisco. Every weekday, more than 560,000 people travel on Muni's 69 bus routes and more than 140,000 customers ride the Muni Metro light rail system.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.sfmta.com/sites/default/files/reports-and-documents/2020/01/sfmta_annual_2019_spreads_r2.pdf|title=SFMTA 2019 Annual Report|website=Sfmta.com|access-date=April 16, 2021}}</ref> 32% of San Francisco residents use public transportation for their daily commute to work, ranking it fourth in the United States and first on the West Coast.<ref>{{cite news|first1=Les|last1=Christie|date=June 29, 2007|title=New Yorkers are Top Transit Users|work=CNNMoney.com|url=https://money.cnn.com/2007/06/13/real_estate/public_transit_commutes/index.htm|access-date=August 20, 2008}}</ref> The [[San Francisco Municipal Railway]], primarily known as Muni, is the primary public transit system of San Francisco. As of 2023, Muni is the eighth-largest transit system in the United States.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Largest U.S. transit agencies based on passenger trips |url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/204955/10-largest-us-transit-agencies-based-on-passenger-trips-in-2009/ |access-date=January 1, 2024 |website=Statista |language=en}}</ref> The system operates a combined [[light rail]] and subway system, the [[Muni Metro]], as well as large bus and [[Trolleybuses in San Francisco|trolley coach]] networks.<ref name="transportation">{{cite news|date=March 2007|title=Bay Area Traveler: Transportation Information|work=San Francisco Chronicle Inc|url=http://www.sfgate.com/traveler/guide/transportation/publictrans.shtml|url-status=dead|access-date=June 16, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080830051722/http://sfgate.com/traveler/guide/transportation/publictrans.shtml|archive-date=August 30, 2008}}</ref> Additionally, it runs a [[F Market|historic streetcar line]], which runs on Market Street from [[The Castro|Castro Street]] to [[Fisherman's Wharf, San Francisco|Fisherman's Wharf]].<ref name="transportation"/> It also operates the famous [[San Francisco cable car system|cable cars]],<ref name="transportation"/> which have been designated as a [[National Historic Landmark]] and are a major tourist attraction.<ref>{{cite web|date=May 2007|title=Report on San Francisco's Cable Cars|url=http://www.sfbeautiful.org/PDF/2007_Cable_Car_Report.pdf|access-date=June 16, 2008|publisher=San Francisco Beautiful}}</ref>

[[Bay Area Rapid Transit]] (BART), a regional Rapid Transit system, connects San Francisco with the [[East Bay (San Francisco Bay Area)|East Bay]] and San Jose through the underwater [[Transbay Tube]]. The line, which contains all except the Orange Line, runs under Market Street to [[Civic Center, San Francisco|Civic Center]] where it turns south to the Mission District, the southern part of the city, and through northern [[San Mateo County, California|San Mateo County]], to the [[San Francisco International Airport]], and [[Millbrae, California|Millbrae]].<ref name="transportation"/> BART also shares stations with SFMTA [[Muni Metro]] under [[Market Street (San Francisco)|Market Street]].

[[File:L Taraval train on Ulloa Street, June 2017-001 (cropped).JPG|thumb|left|[[Muni Metro]], run by [[San Francisco Municipal Railway|SF Muni]]]]
Another commuter rail system, [[Caltrain]], runs from San Francisco along the [[San Francisco Peninsula]] to [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].<ref name="transportation"/> Historically, trains operated by [[Southern Pacific Lines]] ran from San Francisco to Los Angeles, via [[Palo Alto, California|Palo Alto]] and [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].

[[Amtrak Thruway]] runs a shuttle bus from three locations in San Francisco to its station across the bay in [[Emeryville, California|Emeryville]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Emeryville Station (EMY)|url=https://www.amtrak.com/stations/emy|access-date=July 25, 2010|publisher=Amtrak}}</ref> Additionally, BART offers connections to San Francisco from Amtrak's stations in Emeryville, Oakland and [[Richmond, California|Richmond]], and Caltrain offers connections in San Jose and [[Santa Clara, California|Santa Clara]]. Thruway service also runs south to [[San Luis Obispo, California|San Luis Obispo]] with connection to the [[Pacific Surfliner]].

San Francisco was an early adopter of [[carsharing]] in America. The non-profit [[City CarShare]] opened in 2001<ref>{{cite web|title=City CarShare Out Mission|url=https://www.citycarshare.org/why-city-car-share/our-mission/|access-date=March 26, 2013}}</ref> and [[Zipcar]] closely followed.<ref>{{cite web|title=Zipcar Our Mission|url=http://www.zipcar.com/about|access-date=March 26, 2013}}</ref>
[[File:The Larkspur Ferry “Mendocino” at the San Francisco Ferry Terminal in June of 2023 (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|[[Golden Gate Ferry|Golden Gate Ferries]] connect the city to [[North Bay (San Francisco Bay Area)|North Bay]] communities, while [[San Francisco Bay Ferry]] connects the city to both the North and [[East Bay]].]]
[[San Francisco Bay Ferry]] operates from the [[San Francisco Ferry Building|Ferry Building]] and [[Pier 39]] to points in [[Oakland Ferry Terminal|Oakland]], [[Alameda, California|Alameda]], [[Bay Farm Island, Alameda, California|Bay Farm Island]], [[South San Francisco Ferry Terminal|South San Francisco]], [[Richmond Ferry Terminal|Richmond]], and north to [[Vallejo, California|Vallejo]] in [[Solano County, California|Solano County]].<ref>{{cite web|title=San Francisco Bay Ferry|url=http://sanfranciscobayferry.com/|access-date=March 26, 2013}}</ref> The [[Golden Gate Ferry]] is the other ferry operator with service between San Francisco and [[Marin County]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Golden Gate Ferry|url=http://goldengateferry.org/|access-date=March 26, 2013}}</ref> [[SolTrans]] runs supplemental bus service between the Ferry Building and Vallejo.

To accommodate the large amount of San Francisco citizens who commute to the [[Silicon Valley]] daily, employers like [[Genentech]], [[Google]], and [[Apple Inc.|Apple]] have begun to provide private bus transportation for their employees, from San Francisco locations. These buses have quickly become a heated topic of debate within the city, as [[San Francisco tech bus protests|protesters]] claim they block bus lanes and delay public buses.<ref>{{Cite news|date=December 9, 2016|title=Google bus blocked in San Francisco protest vs gentrification|newspaper=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-google-protest-idUSBRE9B818J20131209|access-date=November 9, 2016}}</ref>

====Freeways and roads====
{{Further|List of streets in San Francisco}}
[[File:Bay Bridge 2022.jpg|thumb|left|The [[San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge|Bay Bridge]] connects the city to [[Oakland, California|Oakland]] and the East Bay.]]
In 2014, only 41.3% of residents commuted by driving alone or carpooling in private vehicles in San Francisco, a decline from 48.6% in 2000.<ref name=":5" /> There are 1,088 miles of streets in San Francisco with 946 miles of these streets being surface streets, and 59 miles of freeways.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|date=2015|title=SFMTA Transportation Fact Sheet|url=https://www.sfmta.com/sites/default/files/reports/2016/2015%20SFMTA%20Transportation%20Factsheet.pdf}}</ref> Due to its unique geography, and the [[Highway revolts in the United States#San Francisco|freeway revolts]] of the late 1950s,<ref name="freeway">{{cite news
|last = Gordon |first = Rachel
|title = Boulevard of dreams, the premiere
|work=San Francisco Chronicle |page = B-1

|date = September 8, 2005
|url = http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2005/09/08/BAGBFEJVE21.DTL
|access-date =June 16, 2008
}}</ref>
[[Interstate 80 in California|Interstate 80]] begins at the approach to the [[San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge|Bay Bridge]] and is the only direct automobile link to the East Bay. [[U.S. Route 101 in California|U.S. Route 101]] connects to the western terminus of Interstate 80 and provides access to the south of the city along San Francisco Bay toward [[Silicon Valley]]. Northward, the routing for U.S. 101 uses arterial streets to connect to the [[Golden Gate Bridge]], the only direct automobile link to [[Marin County]] and the North Bay.

As part of the retrofitting of the Golden Gate Bridge and installation of a suicide barrier, starting in 2019 the railings on the west side of the pedestrian walkway were replaced with thinner, more flexible [[slat (aircraft)|slats]] in order to improve the bridge's aerodynamic tolerance of high wind to {{convert|100|mph|km/h|0|abbr=on}}. Starting in June 2020, reports were received of a loud hum produced by the new railing slats, heard across the city when a strong west wind was blowing.<ref name="bridge harmonic resonance issues">{{cite news |first=Eric |last=Ting |url=https://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Golden-Gate-Bridge-noise-humming-why-wind-sound-15321767.php |title=Why the Golden Gate Bridge made strange noises with the wind Friday |newspaper=San Francisco Chronicle |date=June 6, 2020 |access-date=July 5, 2020 |archive-date=July 5, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200705073455/https://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Golden-Gate-Bridge-noise-humming-why-wind-sound-15321767.php |url-status=dead }}</ref>
[[File:Lombard Street 2020.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Lombard Street (San Francisco)|Lombard Street]] in [[Russian Hill, San Francisco|Russian Hill]] is famed as "the most crooked street in the world".]]
[[California State Route 1|State Route 1]] also enters San Francisco from the north via the Golden Gate Bridge and bisects the city as the [[19th Avenue (San Francisco)|19th Avenue]] arterial thoroughfare, joining with [[Interstate 280 (California)|Interstate 280]] at the city's southern border. Interstate 280 continues south from San Francisco, and also turns to the east along the southern edge of the city, terminating just south of the Bay Bridge in the [[South of Market (San Francisco)|South of Market]] neighborhood. After the [[1989 Loma Prieta earthquake]], city leaders demolished the [[Embarcadero Freeway]] and a portion of the [[Central Freeway]], converting them into street-level boulevards.<ref name="freeway" />

[[California State Route 35|State Route 35]] enters the city from the south as [[Skyline Boulevard]] and terminates at its intersection with Highway 1. [[California State Route 82|State Route 82]] enters San Francisco from the south as [[Mission Street]], and terminates shortly thereafter at its junction with 280. The western terminus of the historic transcontinental [[Lincoln Highway]], the first road across America, is in San Francisco's [[Lincoln Park (San Francisco)|Lincoln Park]].

===== Vision Zero =====
In 2014, San Francisco committed to [[Vision Zero]], with the goal of ending all traffic fatalities caused by motor vehicles within the city by 2024.<ref>{{cite news|last=Kwong|first=Jessica|date=February 19, 2014|title=SF takes step forward in education for pedestrians, cyclists and drivers|newspaper=San Francisco Examiner|url=http://www.sfexaminer.com/sanfrancisco/sf-takes-step-forward-in-education-for-pedestrians-cyclists-and-drivers/Content?oid=2708625|access-date=February 26, 2014|archive-date=February 26, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140226232558/http://www.sfexaminer.com/sanfrancisco/sf-takes-step-forward-in-education-for-pedestrians-cyclists-and-drivers/Content?oid=2708625|url-status=dead}}</ref> San Francisco's Vision Zero plan calls for investing in engineering, enforcement, and education, and focusing on dangerous intersections. In 2013, 25 people were killed by car and truck drivers while walking and biking in the city and 9 car drivers and passengers were killed in collisions. In 2019, 42 people were killed in traffic collisions in San Francisco.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019|title=Vision Zero 2019 End of Year Traffic Fatality Report|url=https://www.visionzerosf.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Vision-Zero-2019-End-of-Year-Traffic-Fatality-Report_final.pdf}}</ref>

====Airports====
{{Main|San Francisco International Airport}}
[[File:San Francisco International Airport - aerial photo.jpg|thumb|left|[[San Francisco International Airport]], one of the [[List of busiest airports by passenger traffic|busiest airports in the world]]]]

Though located {{convert|13|mi|km}} south of downtown in [[Unincorporated area|unincorporated]] [[San Mateo County, California|San Mateo County]], [[San Francisco International Airport]] (SFO) is under the jurisdiction of the City and County of San Francisco. SFO is a hub for [[United Airlines]]<ref name="UAL">{{cite news
|last = Young |first = Eric
|title = Pact keeps United from flying away
|work=San Francisco Business Times 
|date = April 2, 2004 |url = http://www.bizjournals.com/sanfrancisco/stories/2004/04/05/story1.html
|access-date =June 16, 2008
}}</ref> and [[Alaska Airlines]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://newsroom.alaskaair.com/2016-12-14-Alaska-Air-Group-closes-acquisition-of-Virgin-America-becomes-the-5th-largest-U-S-airline |title=Alaska Air Group closes acquisition of Virgin America, becomes the 5th largest U.S. airline |date=December 14, 2016 |access-date=February 24, 2019}}</ref> SFO is a major international gateway to Asia and Europe, with the largest international terminal in North America.<ref name="intlterminalfactsheet">{{cite web
|title = Fact Sheet: International Terminal
|publisher=San Francisco International Airport
|date=May 2007
|url = http://www.flysfo.com/web/export/sites/default/download/about/news/pressres/fact-sheet/pdf/International_Terminal_Fact_Sheet.pdf
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130807172338/http://www.flysfo.com/web/export/sites/default/download/about/news/pressres/fact-sheet/pdf/International_Terminal_Fact_Sheet.pdf
|archive-date=August 7, 2013
|access-date =June 16, 2008
|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2011, SFO was the eighth-busiest airport in the U.S. and the 22nd-busiest in the world, handling over 40.9&nbsp;million passengers.<ref name="SFO-stats-2011">{{cite web
|title = Preliminary World Airport Traffic 2011 (Table 2 – Total Passenger Traffic 2011)
|publisher=Airports Council International
|date = March 27, 2012
|url = http://www.centreforaviation.com/files/analysis/70690/PR_2012-03-27_PreliminaryResults_2011.pdf
|access-date =April 22, 2012}}</ref>

Located in the [[Santa Clara Valley|South Bay]], the [[San Jose International Airport]] (SJC) is the second-busiest airport in the Bay Area, followed by [[Oakland International Airport]], which is a popular, low-cost alternative to SFO.

====Cycling and walking ====
{{main|Cycling in San Francisco}}
[[File:San Francisco Bay Wheels.jpg|thumb|right|[[Bay Wheels]] station on [[Market Street (San Francisco)|Market St.]]]]

Cycling is a popular mode of transportation in San Francisco, with 75,000 residents commuting by bicycle each day.<ref name="2011 Bicycle Count Report">{{cite news
|title = 2011 Bicycle Count Report
|work=SFMTA
|publisher=City of San Francisco
|date = December 2011
|url = http://www.sfmta.com/sites/default/files/2011BicycleCountReport-accessible.pdf
|access-date =May 17, 2012
}}</ref> In recent years,{{when|date=May 2024}} the city has installed better [[cycling infrastructure]] such as [[protected bike lane]]s and parking racks.<ref>{{cite report|url=http://www.smartgrowthamerica.org/documents/cs/impl/ca-sanfrancisco-2012report.pdf|title=2012 San Francisco State of Cycling Report|publisher=San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency|page=2|access-date=October 24, 2015|year=2012}}
</ref> [[Bay Wheels]], previously named Bay Area Bike Share at inception, launched in August 2013 with 700 bikes in downtown San Francisco, selected cities in the East Bay, and San Jose. The [[San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency]] and [[Bay Area Air Quality Management District]] are responsible for the operation with management provided by [[Motivate (company)|Motivate]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Bialick |first=Aaron |title=Ford GoBike Launches, Bringing Bike-Share to New SF Neighborhoods |url=https://www.sfmta.com/blog/ford-gobike-launches-bringing-bike-share-new-sf-neighborhoods |date=June 29, 2017 |website=SFMTA: Municipal Transportation Agency |access-date=April 30, 2018}}</ref> A major expansion started in 2017, along with a rebranding as Ford GoBike; the company received its current name in 2019.<ref>{{cite web |title=Grab an ebike and go |url=https://www.fordgobike.com/ |website=Ford GoBike |access-date=April 30, 2018 |archive-date=December 17, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171217041452/https://www.fordgobike.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
Pedestrian traffic is also widespread. In 2021, [[Walk Score]] ranked San Francisco the most walkable city in the United States.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.walkscore.com/cities-and-neighborhoods/|title=2021 City & Neighborhood Ranking|work=San Francisco Chronicle |access-date=July 20, 2011 |first=Carolyn |last=Said |date=July 20, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.marketwatch.com/story/the-10-most-walkable-us-cities-2011-07-20?link=MW_popular |title=The 10 most walkable U.S. cities |publisher=MarketWatch |year=2011 |access-date=July 20, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title = Walk Score Ranks The Most Walkable Cities of 2015 – @Redfin|url = https://www.redfin.com/blog/2015/04/walk-score-ranks-the-most-walkable-cities-of-2015.html|access-date = September 25, 2015|date = April 7, 2015}}</ref>

San Francisco has significantly higher rates of pedestrian and bicyclist traffic deaths than the United States on average. In 2013, 21 pedestrians were killed in vehicle collisions, the highest since 2001,<ref name="SF Examiner ped safety">{{cite news|last=Sabatini|first=Joshua|title=Lee unveils push for pedestrian safety|url=http://www.sfexaminer.com/sanfrancisco/lee-unveils-push-for-pedestrian-safety-measures/Content?oid=2678662|access-date=January 19, 2014|newspaper=SF Examiner|date=January 16, 2014}}</ref> which is 2.5 deaths per 100,000 population – 70% higher than the national average of 1.5.<ref name="NHTSA 2012 Crashes">{{cite web|title=Traffic Safety Facts, 2012 Motor Vehicle Crashes: Overview|url=http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/Pubs/811856.pdf|publisher=National Highway Traffic Safety Administration|access-date=January 19, 2014}}</ref>
[[File:Critical Mass, San Francisco, April 29, 2005 (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|[[Cycling in San Francisco|San Francisco cycling]] event]]
[[Cycling in San Francisco|Cycling]] is becoming increasingly popular in the city. The 2010 [[San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency|Municipal Transportation Agency (MTA)]] annual bicycle count showed the number of cyclists at 33 locations had increased 58% from the 2006 baseline counts.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://128.121.89.101/cms/bhome/documents/City_of_San_Francisco_2010_Bicycle_Count_Report_edit12082010.pdf|title=City of San Francisco 2010 Bicycle Count Report|work= San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency, 2010, p. 3}}</ref> In 2008, the MTA estimated that about 128,000 trips were made by bicycle each day in the city, or 6% of total trips.<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://archives.sfmta.com/cms/rbikes/documents/2008SFStateofCyclingReport.pdf
|title = 2008 San Francisco State of Cycling Report
|publisher = San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency
|year = 2008
|page = 9
|access-date = October 1, 2014}}
</ref> {{As of|2019}}, 2.6% of the city's streets have protected bike lanes, with 28 miles of protected bike lanes in the city.<ref name=":0" /> Since 2006, San Francisco has received a Bicycle Friendly Community status of "Gold" from the [[League of American Bicyclists]].<ref>{{cite journal
|title=Bicycle Friendly America 2010
|url=http://www.bikeleague.org/sites/default/files/american_bicyclists_jan_feb10.pdf
|date=2010
|page=17
|journal=American Bicyclist
|access-date=October 24, 2015}}</ref> In 2022 a measure on the ballot passed to protect JFK drive in Golden Gate Park as a pedestrian and biking space with 59% of voters in favor.<ref>{{cite news | last=Cano | first=Ricardo | title=JFK Drive will remain car-free after S.F. voters reject Prop. I, pass Prop. J | website=San Francisco Chronicle | date=November 9, 2022 | url=https://www.sfchronicle.com/election/article/JFK-Drive-will-remain-car-free-after-S-F-voters-17570182.php | access-date=December 5, 2022}}</ref>

===Public safety===
{{see also|History of the San Francisco Police Department}}
The [[San Francisco Police Department]] was founded in 1849.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sanfranciscopolice.org/sfpd-history|title=SFPD History|publisher=San Francisco Police Department|access-date=February 28, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301011255/http://sanfranciscopolice.org/sfpd-history|archive-date=March 1, 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> The portions of the [[Golden Gate National Recreation Area]] located within the city, including the [[Presidio of San Francisco|Presidio]] and [[Ocean Beach, San Francisco|Ocean Beach]], are patrolled by the [[United States Park Police]].

The [[San Francisco Fire Department]] provides both fire suppression and emergency medical services to the city.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sf-fire.org/fire-commission-response-grand-jury-report|title=Fire Commission Response to Grand Jury Report|publisher=San Francisco Fire Department|access-date=February 12, 2017|archive-date=February 13, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170213163640/http://sf-fire.org/fire-commission-response-grand-jury-report|url-status=dead}}</ref>