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Sensorineural hearing loss
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==Treatment== Treatment modalities fall into three categories: pharmacological, surgical, and management. As SNHL is a physiologic degradation and considered permanent, there are as of this time, no approved or recommended treatments. There have been significant advances in identification of human deafness genes and elucidation of their cellular mechanisms as well as their physiological function in mice.<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Safieddine S, El-Amraoui A, Petit C |year=2012 |title=The auditory hair cell ribbon synapse: from assembly to function |journal=Annual Review of Neuroscience |volume=35 |pages=509β28 |doi=10.1146/annurev-neuro-061010-113705 |pmid=22715884}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Wichmann C, Moser T |date=July 2015 |title=Relating structure and function of inner hair cell ribbon synapses |journal=Cell and Tissue Research |volume=361 |issue=1 |pages=95β114 |doi=10.1007/s00441-014-2102-7 |pmc=4487357 |pmid=25874597}}</ref> Nevertheless, pharmacological treatment options are very limited and clinically unproven.<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Nakagawa T |year=2014 |title=Strategies for developing novel therapeutics for sensorineural hearing loss |journal=Frontiers in Pharmacology |volume=5 |pages=206 |doi=10.3389/fphar.2014.00206 |pmc=4165348 |pmid=25278894 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Such pharmaceutical treatments as are employed are palliative rather than curative, and addressed to the underlying cause if one can be identified, in order to avert progressive damage. Profound or total hearing loss may be amenable to management by [[cochlear implant]]s, which stimulate [[cochlear nerve]] endings directly. A cochlear implant is surgical implantation of a battery powered electronic medical device in the inner ear. Unlike [[hearing aid]]s, which make sounds louder, cochlear implants do the work of damaged parts of the inner ear (cochlea) to provide sound signals to the brain. These consist of both internal implanted electrodes and magnets and external components.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sensorineural Hearing Loss |url=http://www.healthcentral.com/encyclopedia/408/532.html |access-date=8 June 2013 |publisher=HealthCentral}}</ref> The quality of sound is different than natural hearing but may enable the recipient to better recognize speech and environmental sounds. Because of risk and expense, such surgery is reserved for cases of severe and disabling hearing impairment Management of sensorineural hearing loss involves employing strategies to support existing hearing such as lip-reading, enhanced communication etc. and amplification using [[hearing aid]]s. Hearing aids are specifically tuned to the individual hearing loss to give maximum benefit.
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