Editing Ball lightning (section)

=== Other hypotheses ===
Several other hypotheses have been proposed to explain ball lightning:

* Spinning electric [[dipole]] hypothesis. A 1976 article by V. G. Endean postulated that ball lightning could be described as an [[electric field]] vector spinning in the [[microwave]] frequency region.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Endean | first1 = V. G. | s2cid = 4194750 | title = Ball lightning as electromagnetic energy | doi = 10.1038/263753a0 | journal = Nature | volume = 263 | issue = 5580 | pages = 753–755 | year = 1976 |bibcode = 1976Natur.263..753E }}</ref>
* [[Electrostatic]] Leyden jar models. Stanley Singer discussed (1971) this type of hypothesis and suggested that the electrical recombination time would be too short for the ball lightning lifetimes often reported.<ref>{{cite book|last=Singer|first=Stanley|title=The Nature of Ball Lightning|location=New York|publisher=Plenum Press|year=1971}}</ref>
* Smirnov proposed (1987) a [[fractal]] [[aerogel]] hypothesis.<ref>Smirnov 1987, ''Physics Reports'', (Review Section of ''Physical Letters''), 152, No. 4, pp. 177–226.</ref>
* [[Mikhail Zelikin|M. I. Zelikin]] proposed (2006) an explanation (with a rigorous mathematical foundation) based on the hypothesis of [[plasma (physics)|plasma]] [[superconductivity]]<ref name=":8">{{cite journal | last1 = Zelikin | first1 = M. I. | s2cid = 123066140 | title = Superconductivity of plasma and fireballs | doi = 10.1007/s10958-008-9047-x | journal = Journal of Mathematical Sciences | volume = 151 | issue = 6 | pages = 3473–3496 | year = 2008 | doi-access = free }}</ref> (see also<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":5" /><ref name=":7" />).
* A. Meessen presented a theory at the 10th International Symposium on Ball Lightning (June 21–27, 2010, Kaliningrad, Russia) explaining all known properties of ball lightning in terms of collective oscillations of free electrons. The simplest case corresponds to radial oscillations in a spherical plasma membrane. These oscillations are sustained by parametric amplification, resulting from regular "inhalation" of charged particles that are present at lower densities in the ambient air. Ball lightning vanishes thus by silent extinction when the available density of charged particles is too low, while it disappears with a loud and sometimes very violent explosion when this density is too high. Electronic oscillations are also possible as stationary waves in a plasma ball or thick plasma membrane. This yields concentric luminous bubbles.<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.meessen.net/AMeessen/Ball-Lightning-Theory.pdf|title=Ball Lightning: Bubbles of Electronic Plasma Oscillations|journal=Journal of Unconventional Electromagnetics and Plasmas|last1=Meessen|first1=A.|volume=4|pages=163–179|year=2012|access-date=17 April 2019|archive-date=17 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417133352/http://www.meessen.net/AMeessen/Ball-Lightning-Theory.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>