Editing City (section)

=== Transnational activity ===
Cities increasingly participate in world political activities independently of their enclosing nation-states. Early examples of this phenomenon are the [[sister city]] relationship and the promotion of [[multi-level governance]] within the European Union as a technique for [[European integration]].<ref name=HN2017>Herrschel & Newman (2017), pp. 3–4. "Instead, the picture is becoming more detailed and differentiated, with a growing number of sub-national entities, cities, city-regions and regions, becoming more visible in their own right, either individually, or collectively as networks, by, more or less tentatively, stepping out of the territorial canvas and hierarchical institutional hegemony of the state. Prominent and well-known cities, and those regions with a strong sense of identity and often a quest for more autonomy, have been the most enthusiastic, as they began to be represented beyond state borders by high-profile city mayors and some regional leaders with political courage and agency. [...] This, then, became part of the much bigger political project of the European Union (EU), which has offered a particularly supportive environment for international engagement by—and among—subnational governments as part of its inherent integrationist agenda."</ref><ref>Charlie Jeffery, "[http://aei.pitt.edu/2635/1/002803_1.PDF Sub-National Authorities and European Integration: Moving Beyond the Nation-State?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181103170402/http://aei.pitt.edu/2635/1/002803_1.PDF |date=3 November 2018 }}", presented at the Fifth Biennial International Conference of the European Community Studies Association, 29 May–1 June 1997, Seattle, US.</ref><ref>Jing Pan, "[https://www.dora.dmu.ac.uk/xmlui/bitstream/handle/2086/11117/JING%20PAN%20PhD%20Thesis-Final-confirmed.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y The Role of Local Government in Shaping and Influencing International Policy Frameworks] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010004951/https://www.dora.dmu.ac.uk/xmlui/bitstream/handle/2086/11117/JING%20PAN%20PhD%20Thesis-Final-confirmed.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y |date=2017-10-10 }}", PhD thesis accepted at De Montfort University, April 2014.</ref> Cities including [[Hamburg]], [[Prague]], [[Amsterdam]], [[The Hague]], and [[City of London]] maintain their own embassies to [[Brussels and the European Union|the European Union at Brussels]].<ref>Herrschel & Newman (2017), p. "In Europe, the EU provides incentives and institutional frameworks for multiple new forms of city and regional networking and lobbying, including at the international EU level. But a growing number of cities and regions also seek to 'go it alone' by establishing their own representations in Brussels, either individually or in shared accommodation, as the base for European lobbying."</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Marks |first1=Gary |last2=Haesly |first2=Richard |last3=Mbaye |first3=Heather A.D. |date=Autumn 2002 |title=What Do Subnational Offices Think They Are Doing in Brussels? |url=https://garymarks.web.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/13018/2016/09/marks.haesly.mbaye_.subnational_offices_2002.pdf |url-status=live |journal=Regional & Federal Studies|volume=12 |issue=3 |pages=1–23 |doi=10.1080/714004755 |s2cid=154556467 |issn=1359-7566 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128112850/http://garymarks.web.unc.edu/files/2016/09/marks.haesly.mbaye_.subnational_offices_2002.pdf |archive-date=2018-01-28}}</ref><ref>Carola Hein, "[http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/12265934.2014.980304 Cities (and regions) within a city: subnational representations and the creation of European imaginaries in Brussels] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116125130/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/12265934.2014.980304 |date=16 November 2018 }}"; ''International Journal of the Urban Sciences'' 19(1), 2015. See also websites of individual city embassies cited therein, including [http://hanse-office.de/index.php?article_id=5&clang=1 Hanse Office] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170101104104/http://hanse-office.de/index.php?article_id=5&clang=1 |date=1 January 2017 }} (Hamburg and Schleswig-Holstein) and City of London "[https://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/business/eu-and-regulation/city-office-brussels/Pages/default.aspx City Office in Brussels] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816125811/https://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/business/eu-and-regulation/city-office-brussels/Pages/default.aspx |date=2017-08-16 }}"; and CoR's [cor.europa.eu/en/regions/Documents/regional-offices.xls spreadsheet of regional offices] in Brussels.</ref>

New urban dwellers are increasingly [[transmigrants]], keeping one foot each (through telecommunications if not travel) in their old and their new homes.{{sfn| Latham | McCormack | McNamara | McNeill | 2009 | pp=45–47}}