Editing Class action (section)

==== England and Wales ====
The [[Civil Procedure Rules]] of the courts of England and Wales came into force in 1999 and have provided for [[group litigation order]]s in limited circumstances (under Part 19.21–26, supplemented by Practice Direction 19B).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.justice.gov.uk/courts/procedure-rules/civil/rules/part19 |title=CPR, Part 19 |publisher=Ministry of Justice |date=2024-04-06 |access-date=2025-01-25}}</ref> HM Courts and Tribunals Service maintains a public list of group litigation orders, and {{as of|2025|January|lc=y}} there have been 124 orders granted.<ref>{{Cite web |title=List of group litigation orders |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/group-litigation-orders/list-of-group-litigation-orders |access-date=2025-01-25 |website=GOV.UK |language=en}}</ref>

A sectoral mechanism was adopted by the [[Consumer Rights Act 2015]], taking effect on October 1, 2015.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Mulheron|first=Rachael|date=2017|title=The United Kingdom's New Opt-Out Class Action|url=https://academic.oup.com/ojls/article-abstract/37/4/814/4372154?redirectedFrom=fulltext|journal=Oxford Journal of Legal Studies|volume=37|issue=4|pages=814–843|doi=10.1093/ojls/gqx016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-34402483|title=Class action legal change for UK|last=Coleman|first=Clive|date=2015-10-01|work=BBC News|access-date=2018-04-04|language=en-GB}}</ref> Under the provisions therein, opt-in or opt-out collective procedures may be certified for breaches of competition law.<ref name="ws20231127">{{Cite web |last1=Yoshino |first1=Troy M. |last2=Labi |first2=Suzanne |date=2023-11-27 |title=Class Actions 101: An Introduction to UK Collective Actions and How They Differ from US Class Actions |url=https://www.winston.com/en/blogs-and-podcasts/class-action-insider/class-actions-101-an-introduction-to-uk-collective-actions-and-how-they-differ-from-us-class-actions |access-date=2024-01-11 |website=Class Action Insider |publisher=Winston & Strawn |language=en}}</ref> This is currently the closest mechanism to a class action in England and Wales.