Editing Decolonization (section)

== Assassinated anti-colonialist leaders ==
[[File:Gandhi with Lord and Lady Mountbatten 1947.jpg|thumb|Gandhi in 1947, with Lord [[Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma|Louis Mountbatten]], Britain's last Viceroy of India, and his wife Vicereine [[Edwina Mountbatten, Countess Mountbatten of Burma|Edwina Mountbatten]]]]
[[File:Patrice Lumumba official portrait.jpg|thumb|[[Patrice Lumumba]], first democratically elected [[Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo|Prime Minister]] of the [[Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville)|Congo-Léopoldville]], was murdered by Belgian-supported [[State of Katanga|Katangan separatists]] in 1961.]]
A ''non-exhaustive'' [[list of assassinated people|list of assassinated leaders]] would include:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Leader !! Title !! Assassin
!Place of death
!Date of death
|-
| [[Tiradentes]]
|[[Colonial Brazil|Colonial Brazilian]] revolutionary
|Portuguese colonial admiministration
|[[Rio de Janeiro]], [[Colonial Brazil|Portuguese Colony of Brazil]]
|21 April 1792 
|-
| [[Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla]]
|Leader of the [[Mexican War of Independence]] 
|Spanish colonial admiministration
|[[Chihuahua (city)|Chihuahua]], [[Nueva Vizcaya, New Spain|Nueva Vizcaya]], Viceroyalty of New Spain
|30 July 1811
|-
| [[Ruben Um Nyobé]]<ref>Gabriel Périès and David Servenay, ''Une guerre noire: Enquête sur les origines du génocide rwandais (1959-1994)'' (''A Black War: Investigation into the origins of the Rwandan genocide (1959-1994)''), Éditions La Découverte, 2007, p. 88. (Another account claims, without supporting citation, that Nyobe "was killed in a plane crash on September 13, 1958. No clear cause has ever been ascertained for the mysterious crash. Assassination has been alleged with the French [[SDECE]] being blamed.")</ref><ref>"Power of the dead and language of the living: The Wanderings of Nationalist Memory in Cameroon", ''African Policy'' (June 1986), pp. 37-72</ref>
|Leader of the [[Union of the Peoples of Cameroon]] 
|[[French Army|French army]]
|[[Nyong-et-Kellé]] [[French Cameroon]]
|13 September 1958
|-
| [[Barthélemy Boganda]]
|Leader of the independence movement in the [[Central African Republic]]
|Plane crash. Some believe that the crash was a deliberate and suspect that expatriate businessmen, possibly aided by the [[Directorate-General for External Security|French secret service]], were responsible. 
|[[Boda, Lobaye|Boda District]], Central African Republic
|29 March 1959
|-
| [[Félix-Roland Moumié]].<ref>[[Jacques Foccart]], counsellor to [[Charles de Gaulle]], [[Georges Pompidou]] and [[Jacques Chirac]] for African matters, recognized it in 1995 to ''[[Jeune Afrique]]'' review. See also ''Foccart parle, interviews with Philippe Gaillard'', Fayard – ''[[Jeune Afrique]]'' {{in lang|fr}} and also [https://archive.today/20120629085210/http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2751/is_n49/ai_20319603 "The man who ran Francafrique – French politician Jacques Foccart's role in France's colonization of Africa under the leadership of Charles de Gaulle – Obituary"] in ''[[The National Interest]]'', Fall 1997</ref>
|Leader of the [[Cameroon's People Union]]
|French secret police [[SDECE]]
|[[Geneva]], Switzerland
|3 November 1960
|-
| [[Patrice Lumumba]]
|First Prime Minister of the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]]
|Executed by the separatist [[State of Katanga|Katangan]] authorities of [[Moïse Tshombe]] after being handed over by [[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]].
|[[Élisabethville]], [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]]
|17 January 1961
|-
| [[Louis Rwagasore]] 
| rowspan="2" |[[Burundi]] nationalist
|Assassinated at the direction of leaders of a rival political party ([[Christian Democratic Party (Burundi)|PDC]]) with potential support from the [[Roberto Régnier|Belgian Resident in Burundi]].
|[[Usumbura]], [[Ruanda-Urundi]]
|13 October 1961
|-
|[[Pierre Ngendandumwe]]
|Rwandan [[Tutsi]] refugee
|[[Bujumbura]], [[Burundi]]
|15 January 1965 
|-
| [[Sylvanus Olympio]]
|First [[List of Presidents of Togo|president of Togo]]
|Assassinated during the [[1963 Togolese coup d'état]].
|[[Lomé]], Togo
|13 January 1963
|-
| [[Mehdi Ben Barka]]
|Leader of the [[History of Morocco|Moroccan]] [[National Union of Popular Forces]] (UNPF) 
|[[General Directorate for Territorial Surveillance (Morocco)|Moroccan secret service]]
|[[Paris]], [[France]]
|29 October 1965
|-
| [[Ahmadu Bello]] 
| First [[premier of Northern Nigeria]]
|Killed during the [[1966 Nigerian coup d'état]].
|[[Kaduna (city)|Kaduna]], Nigeria
|15 January 1966
|-
| [[Eduardo Mondlane]]
|Leader of [[FRELIMO]]
|Unknown. Possibly the Portuguese secret police ([[PIDE]])
|[[Dar es Salaam]], [[Tanzania]]
|3 February 1969
|-
| [[Mohamed Bassiri]]
|Leader of the [[Movement for the Liberation of Saguia el Hamra and Wadi el Dhahab]]
|[[Spanish Legion]]
|[[El Aaiun]], [[Spanish Sahara]]
|18 June 1970
|-
| [[Amílcar Cabral]]
|Leader of [[African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde|PAIGC]]
|Portuguese secret police [[PIDE|DGS/PIDE]]
|[[Conakry]], [[Guinea]]
|20 January 1973 
|}