Editing Dubbing (section)

===Europe===
[[File:Dubbing films in Europe.png|thumb|300px|{{legend|#3F48CC|Countries using dubs only for children's media, and subtitles otherwise.}}
{{legend|#FF9B37|Mixed areas: Countries primarily using subtitles but occasionally full-cast dubs instead.}}
{{legend|#FFFBA4|Voice-over: Countries using usually one or just a couple of voice actors while the original soundtrack persists.}}
{{legend|#ED1C24|General dubbing: Countries using full-cast dubs.}}
{{legend|#99D9EA|Belgium: The Dutch-speaking region primarily uses subtitles, but sometimes imports dubs from the Netherlands or produces their own dialect dubs for children's films. The French-speaking region uses full-cast dubs for all films.}}
{{legend|#B300B3|Slovakia and Belarus: Countries with a separate official language that occasionally produce their own dubs, but generally use dubs from other countries, since their languages share a high degree of [[mutual intelligibility]].}}]]

====Children's/family films and programming====
In [[North-West Europe]], [[Poland]], [[Portugal]], [[Balkans|Balkan]], [[Baltic states|Baltic]] and [[Nordic countries]], generally only movies and TV shows that are intended for children are dubbed, while TV shows and movies that are intended for teenagers or adults are subtitled, although adult-animated productions (e.g. ''[[South Park]]'' and ''[[The Simpsons]]'') have a tradition of being dubbed{{Citation needed|reason=I have not seen that in Sweden, this may be too broad|date=March 2025}}. For movies in cinemas with clear target audiences (both below and above 10–11 years of age), both a dubbed and a subtitled version are usually available.

====Belgium====
[[File:Dubbing vs subtitling in Belgium.svg|thumb|300px|A map showing the preference of dubbing or subtitling in Belgium:

{{Legend|#0000ff|[[Dutch language|Dutch]] subtitles preferred (except for children's animation)}}
{{Legend|#ff0000|[[French language|French]] dubs preferred}}
{{Legend|#ffff00|Both Dutch and French subtitles preferred ([[Brussels Capital Region|Brussels]])}}]]
In the Dutch-speaking part of Belgium ([[Flanders]]), movies and TV series are shown in their original language with [[Subtitle (captioning)|subtitles]], with the exception of most movies made for a young audience. In the latter case, sometimes separate versions are recorded in the [[Netherlands]] and in [[Flanders]] (for instance, several Walt Disney films and Harry Potter films). These dubbed versions only differ from each other in their use of different voice actors and different pronunciation, while the text is almost the same.

In the French-speaking part of Belgium ([[Wallonia]]), the movies shown in theaters and on TV are the French dubbed version (dubbed by French voice actors). Except for a few words, the [[French language|French]] language spoken in France and in Belgium are similar. The amount of movies in original language with subtitles in theaters is extremely limited and most theaters only show movies dubbed in French.

====Bosnia and Herzegovina====
[[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] usually uses [[Serbian language|Serbian]] and [[Croatian language|Croatian]] dubs (due to [[Serbo-Croatian|their mutual intelligibility]]), but they have dubbed some cartoons in [[Bosnian language|Bosnian]] by themselves, for example ''[[My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic]]''. Children's programs (both animated and live-action) are broadcast dubbed (in Serbian, Croatian or Bosnian), while every other program is subtitled (in Bosnian).

====Bulgaria====
In Bulgaria, there are two forms of Bulgarian dubbing. The first is the so-called "voiceover" dubbing, typical of the Bulgarian television market, in which the voice-over is based on the back-camera technology of the 1970s, with the voice superimposed on the original phonogram. This inexpensive way of voice-over is preferred only because of its low cost. But unfortunately it is a rather outdated technological form that does not meet the technical requirements of the new times. The second, considered basic in many European countries and the only one acceptable today, is synchronous dubbing, a radically different technology with much higher sound quality and speech synchronisation capabilities. This new method is defined as post-synchronous /non-synchronous/ dubbing of the product, in which the dialogue component of the phonogram is completely produced in Bulgarian, similar to the process in film production, in order for it to completely replace the original. In this sense, dubbing is considered by the production companies as one of the final elements of the overall post-production process of their films, and therefore their control over all the activities performed is complete.

After November 10, 1991, there was a large-scale influx of American animation production in Bulgaria, which can be classified as follows: 
A/ Films that in the years of the Iron Curtain either did not reach Bulgaria or were not dubbed according to the generally accepted world standard. For example: Sleeping Beauty /1959/, One Hundred and One Dalmatians /1961/, Jungle Book /1967/, The Aristocats /1970/, Robin Hood /1973/ and many others entered the Bulgarian market after 1991.
B/ New first-run films created after 1991: Ice Age, Toy Story, Tangled, The Lion King, Mulan, etc.

After 1991, BNT was the first to obtain the rights to voice and broadcast Disney series - 101 Dalmatians, Woody Woodpecker, Mickey Mouse, Tom and Jerry, etc. The first full-length animated films were dubbed at Boyana Film Studio, Dolly Media Studio (1992) and Ars Digital Studio (1994). In 1999, Alexandra Audio Studio took over the Disney production from BNT, which lost the rights to do the voice-overs due to a highly outdated technology park. In 2019 Andarta Studio joined the sound business, and in 2005 Profilms Studio, which are still working.

====Croatia====
In [[Croatia]], foreign [[live-action]] films and [[television series]] are always subtitled, while most children's programs and animated movies are dubbed into [[Croatian language|Croatian]]. The practice of dubbing began in the 1980s in some animated shows and continued in 90's, 00's and forward in other shows and films, the latter ones being released in home media. Recently, more efforts have been made to introduce dubbing, but public reception has been poor in some exceptions. Regardless of language, Croatian audiences prefer subtitling to dubbing; however, dubbing is still popular in animated series and films. Some previously popular animated shows (such as ''[[Sailor Moon]]'') lost their appeal completely after the practice of dubbing began, and the dubbing was eventually removed from the programs, even though most animated shows shown on television and some on home media have been well received by people watching dubbed versions of them. This situation is similar with theater movies, with only those intended for children being dubbed. Also, there has been an effort to impose dubbing by [[Nova TV (Croatia)|Nova TV]], with ''[[La Fea Más Bella]]'' (2006–2007) translated as ''Ružna ljepotica'' (literally, "The Ugly Beauty"), a Mexican telenovela, but it failed.

On 1 October 2008, [[Nova TV (Croatia)|Nova TV]] launched its sister channel Mini TV, the first Croatian television channel for children with programming entirely dubbed into Croatian.<ref>{{Cite web|date=3 November 2008|title=MINI TV - prvi hrvatski dječji televizijski kanal|url=https://dnevnik.hr/showbizz/film-tv/mini-tv-prvi-hrvatski-djecji-televizijski-kanal.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081106041409/https://dnevnik.hr/showbizz/film-tv/mini-tv-prvi-hrvatski-djecji-televizijski-kanal.html|archive-date=6 November 2008|access-date=7 February 2023|website=dnevnik.hr|trans-title=MINI TV - the first Croatian children's television channel}}</ref>  [[RTL (Croatian TV channel)|RTL]] followed suit with the launch of [[RTL Kockica]] in 2014.<ref name="Kockica">{{Cite web|date=3 January 2014|title= RTL Kockica starta 11.1. u 11.01|url= http://www.glas-slavonije.hr/221519/12/RTL-Kockica-starta-111-u-1101  |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230827232639/https://www.glas-slavonije.hr/221519/12/RTL-Kockica-starta-111-u-1101|archive-date=27 August 2023|access-date=14 June 2024|language=Croatian|website=Glas Slavonije}}</ref>

Since the 2010s, the dubbing of live-action television series and films aimed at children, teenagers and young adults has been on the rise. With the launch of [[Nickelodeon]]'s [[Nickelodeon (Croatian TV channel)|Croatian audio track]] in 2011, Studio NET was the first in Croatia to focus on "serious production of live-action dubbing,"<ref name="NETDubbing">{{Cite web|date=4 February 2012|title=Nickelodeon lokalizacija TV kanala - Audio / Video usluge|url=https://www.net-zg.hr/?l=hr&p=11|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240624222012/https://www.net-zg.hr/?l=hr&p=11|archive-date=24 June 2024|access-date=24 June 2024|language=Croatian|website=net-zg.hr|trans-title=Nickelodeon TV channel localization - Audio / Video services|quote=The task - to increase the capacity to 5 audio studios, to dub over 700 episodes and, for the first time in Croatia, to make a serious production of live-action dubbing - both TV series and films.}}</ref> with most of Nickelodeon's major teen live-action titles such as ''[[iCarly]]'' (2007–2012), ''[[Sam & Cat]]'' (2013–2014), ''[[The Thundermans]]'' (2013–2018) and ''[[Victorious]]'' (2010–2013) receiving a Croatian dub. With the rise of [[streaming television]] in the 2020s, NET and various other studios also began producing Croatian dubs for [[Netflix]]; although the focus is still on dubbing animated series and films, a notable amount of live-action programming aimed at younger audiences has also been dubbed for Netflix, such as ''[[Chupa (film)|Chupa]]'' (2023), ''[[Geek Girl (TV series)|Geek Girl]]'' (2024), ''[[Heartstopper (TV series)|Heartstopper]]'' (2022–2024), ''[[I Woke Up a Vampire]]'' (2023), ''[[Matilda the Musical (film)|Matilda the Musical]]'' (2022) and ''[[Spy Kids: Armageddon]]'' (2023).<ref name="NetflixCroatian">{{Cite web|date=|title=Što Netflix nudi u Hrvatskoj? - Sinkronizirani naslovi (kronološki)|url=https://hrflix.eu/lokalizirano-kronoloski/sinkronizirano|access-date=24 June 2024|language=Croatian|website=hrflix.eu|trans-title=What does Netflix offer in Croatia? - Dubbed titles (chronological)}}</ref> However, to this day, all television programming and theatre releases aimed at adult audiences are still released with subtitles.

Some of [[Croatian language|Croatian]] dubbing is also broadcast in [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]].

====Estonia====
In [[Estonia]], only foreign children's films are dubbed in cinemas and on Estonian broadcast TV channels. As a rule, all other foreign films are shown with their original "pure" language soundtrack along with subtitles. On TV, the subtitles are almost always available in the [[Estonian language]] by default settings, and sometimes also in Russian and English upon request. In the cinemas, the subtitles are usually presented in Estonian and Russian languages. Cartoons and animated series are voiced by dubbing or [[Voice-over|voiceover]]<!-- and live-action films and television series only with Estonian subtitles also but with English and Russian dub languages. Animated films are commonly shown in the original language and dubbed into Estonian (or Russian in some cinemas)-->. Estonian-language television channels use subtitles for English, Russian, and other foreign language audio. However, Russian-language TV channels tend to use dubbing more often, since most of them are produced and broadcast from Russia (as opposed to the few Russian-language channels broadcast from Estonia).

====Greece====
In [[Greece]], most cartoon films have dubs. Usually when a movie has a Greek dub the dub is shown in cinemas but subtitled versions are shown as well. Foreign TV shows for adults are shown in their original versions with subtitles. Some Japanese anime series and [[telenovela]]s are usually dubbed in Greek. However, when [[Skai TV]] was re-launched in April 2006, the network opted for dubbing almost all foreign shows in Greek, but eventually switched to subtitling after receiving criticism by the viewers. There has been an effort to revive Greek dubbing by streaming services. Regardless of language, Greek audiences prefer subtitling to dubbing; however, dubbing is still popular in animated series and films.

====Ireland====
[[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] usually receives the same film versions as the UK. However, some films have been dubbed into [[Irish language|Irish]] by [[TG4]].
Children's cartoons on TV are also occasionally dubbed into Irish.

====Netherlands====
In the [[Netherlands]], for the most part, Dutch versions are only made for children's and family films. Animated movies are shown in theaters with Dutch subtitles or dubbing, but usually those cinemas with more screening rooms also provide the original subtitled version.

====Nordic countries====
In the [[Nordic countries]], dubbing is used only in animated films (except [[adult animated]] films which only use subtitles), animated TV shows and other media for younger audiences. Some cinemas in the major cities may also screen the original version, usually as the last showing of the day, or in a smaller auditorium in a [[Multiplex (movie theater)|multiplex]].

In television programs with off-screen narration, both the original audio and on-screen voices are usually subtitled in their native languages.

The Nordic countries are often treated as a common market issuing [[DVD]] and [[Blu-ray]] releases with original audio and user choosable subtitle options in [[Danish language|Danish]], [[Finnish language|Finnish]], [[Norwegian language|Norwegian]] and [[Swedish language|Swedish]]. The covers often have text in all four languages as well, but are sometimes unique for each country. Some releases may include other European language audio and/or subtitles (i.e. German, Greek, Hungarian or Italian). as well as original audio in most cases.

In [[Finland]], the dubbed version from [[Sweden]] may also be available at certain cinemas for children of the 5% Swedish-speaking minority, but only in cities or towns with a significant percentage of Swedish speakers. Most [[DVD]] and [[Blu-ray]] releases usually only have the original audio, except for animated television series telenovelas, which have both Finnish and Swedish language tracks, in addition to the original audio and subtitles in both languages.

In Finnish movie theaters, films for adult audiences have both Finnish and Swedish subtitles, the Finnish printed in basic font and the Swedish printed below the Finnish in a cursive font. In the early ages of television, foreign TV shows and movies were voiced by narrator in Finland. Later, Finnish subtitles became a practice on Finnish television. As in many other countries, dubbing is not preferred outside of children's programs. A good example of this is ''[[The Simpsons Movie]]''. While the original version was well-received, the Finnish-dubbed version received poor reviews, with some critics even calling it a disaster.{{Citation needed|date=April 2008}} On the other hand, many dubs of [[Disney]]'s animated television series and movies have been well-received, both critically and by the public.

In [[Iceland]], the dubbed version of film and TV was originally [[Danish language|Danish]] with some translated into [[Icelandic language|Icelandic]] but Icelandic has taken over. ''[[LazyTown]]'', an Icelandic TV show originally filmed in English, was dubbed into Icelandic, amongst thirty-two other languages.

====North Macedonia====
[[North Macedonia]] dubbed many cartoons in [[Macedonian language|Macedonian]], but they also air some [[Serbian language|Serbian]] dubs. Children's programs are airing dubbed (in Macedonian or Serbian), while every other program is subtitled (in Macedonian). They use [[Serbian language|Serbian]] dubs for [[Disney]] movies, because there are no [[Macedonian language|Macedonian]] [[Disney]] dubs.

====Portugal====
In [[Portugal]], dubbing was banned under a 1948 law as a way of protecting the domestic film industry and reducing access to culture as most of the population was illiterate.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.amordeperdicao.pt/especiais_solo.asp?artigoid=206 |title=amor de perdição - especiais |date=21 January 2005 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050121055806/http://www.amordeperdicao.pt/especiais_solo.asp?artigoid=206 |archive-date=21 January 2005 }}</ref> Until 1994, animated movies, as well as other TV series for children, were shown subtitled in Portugal along with imported [[Brazilian Portuguese]] dubs due to the lack of interest from Portuguese companies in the dubbing industry. This lack of interest was justified, since there were already quality dubbed copies of shows and movies in Portuguese made by [[Brazil]]ians. ''[[The Lion King]]'' was the first feature film to be dubbed in [[European Portuguese]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-30 |title=A realidade das dobragens em Portugal {{!}} Raio-x às dobragens {{!}} PÚBLICO |url=https://www.publico.pt/2009/12/03/culturaipsilon/noticia/a-realidade-das-dobragens-em-portugal-1412451 |access-date=2023-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330234254/https://www.publico.pt/2009/12/03/culturaipsilon/noticia/a-realidade-das-dobragens-em-portugal-1412451 |archive-date=30 March 2023 }}</ref> Currently, all movies for children are dubbed. Subtitles are preferred in Portugal, used in every foreign-language [[Documentary film|documentary]], TV series and film. The exception to this preference is when children are the target audience.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jornaleconomico.sapo.pt/noticias/polemica-dobragem-serie-einstein-gera-criticas-axn-118969|title=Polémica: dobragem da série 'Einstein' gera críticas ao AXN|access-date=29 March 2017|date=3 February 2017|work=O Jornal Económico|quote=Ao contrário de alguns mercados como o espanhol e brasileiro, o público português não se mostra recetivo a esta opção.|language=pt|archive-date=8 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170208224542/http://www.jornaleconomico.sapo.pt/noticias/polemica-dobragem-serie-einstein-gera-criticas-axn-118969|url-status=dead}}</ref>

While on TV, children's shows and movies are always dubbed, in cinemas, films with a clear juvenile target can be found in two versions, one dubbed (identified by the letters V.P. for ''versão portuguesa'' - "Portuguese version") and another subtitled version (V.O. for ''versão original'' - "original version"). This duality applies only to juvenile films. Others use subtitles only. While the quality of these dubs is recognized (some have already received international recognition and prizes),{{citation needed|date=September 2024}} original versions with subtitles are usually preferred by the adults. Presently, [[live action]] series and movies are always shown in their original language format with Portuguese subtitles. Streaming services also offer some content for adults dubbed in Portuguese, although there they provide an option to select the original language. There are also a few examples of [[Anime]] which were dubbed into European Portuguese (i.e. ''[[Dragon Ball (TV series)|Dragon Ball]]'' and ''[[Naruto (TV series)|Naruto]]'') [[Netflix]] is now offering foreign language films aimed at older audiences and TV series (M/12, M/14 and M/16) dubbed into Portuguese in addition to offering the original version with subtitles.

====Romania====
<!-- Please do not change this section to Hungarian, because graph QA11 of the Eurobarometer lists the number 62 next to RO (Romania). Hungary is HU.-->
In [[Romania]], virtually all programs intended for children are dubbed in [[Romanian language|Romanian]]. Animated movies are shown in theaters with Romanian dubbing. However, cinemas with more screening rooms usually also provide the original subtitled version. Other foreign TV shows and movies are shown in the original language with Romanian subtitles. Subtitles are usually preferred in the Romanian market. According to "Special Eurobarometer 243" (graph QA11.8) of the [[European Commission]] (research carried out in November and December 2005), 62% of Romanians prefer to watch foreign films and programs with subtitles (rather than dubbed), 22% prefer dubbing, and 16% declined to answer.<ref name="eurobarometer">[http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_243_en.pdf Special Eurobarometer 243] of the European Commission with the title "Europeans and their Languages", published in February 2006 with research carried out in November and December 2005. Barely 2% of Romanians consider watching original-language versions most effective into learning a new language (Table QA7b). {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060827043559/http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_243_en.pdf |date=27 August 2006 }}</ref> This is led by the assumption that watching movies in their original versions is very useful for learning foreign languages. However, according to the same Eurobarometer, virtually no Romanian found this method—watching movies in their original version—to be the most efficient way to learn foreign languages, compared to 53 percent who preferred language lessons at school.<ref name="eurobarometer" />

Some programmes that are broadcast on The Fishing & Hunting Channel are subtitled. [[TV Paprika]] used to broadcast voice-overed programmes, but it was replaced with subtitles.
Some promos for films shown on TV1000 use voice-overs; but the films are subtitled. [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EWJpWQUXNJw Examples shown here, at 2:11, 4:25, 5:09 and 7:15]. [[Kanal D (Romania)|Kanal D]] tried in March 2023 to introduce the first Turkish series dubbed in Romanian, ''Kirmizi Oda'', but it failed after the criticism received on social media from viewers and low ratings. As result, the series went on a subtitled version after two episodes.

====Serbia====
[[Serbian language]] dubs are made mainly for [[Serbia]], but they also broadcast in [[Montenegro]] and [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]]. Children's animated movies and some live-action movies and TV series are dubbed into Serbian, while live-action films and TV series for adults are always airing subtitled, because in the region of former Yugoslavia people prefer subtitling for live-action formats. An exception to this is the [[Turkey|Turkish]] soap opera ''[[Lale Devri]]'' that was dubbed in 2011, and aired on [[RTV Pink]], but because of negative reception, the rest of the TV series was aired subtitled.

The dubbing of cartoon series in former [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]] during the 1980s had a twist of its own: famous [[Serbia]]n actors, such as [[Nikola Simić (actor)|Nikola Simić]], Mića Tatić, Nada Blam and others provided the voices for characters of [[Disney]], [[Warner Bros.]], [[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer|MGM]] and other companies, frequently using region-specific phrases and sentences and, thus, adding a dose of local humor to the translation of the original lines. These phrases became immensely popular and are still being used for [[tongue-in-cheek]] comments in specific situations. These dubs are today considered cult dubs. The only dub made after 1980s and 1990s ones that has a cult following is the ''[[SpongeBob SquarePants]]'' dub, broadcast by [[B92]] between 2002 and 2017, because of the memorable translation with regional humor, akin to the translations seen in 1980s Yugoslavian dubs.

Some Serbian dubs are also broadcast in [[North Macedonia]], while cult dubs made during [[Yugoslavia]] were aired all over the country (today's [[Croatia]], [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]], [[Montenegro]], [[Slovenia]], [[North Macedonia]] and [[Serbia]]).

In the 21st-century, prominent dubbing/voice actors in Serbia include actors Marko Marković, [[Vladislava Đorđević]], [[Jelena Gavrilović]], Dragan Vujić, Milan Antonić, [[Boris Milivojević]], [[Radovan Vujović]], [[Goran Jevtić (actor)|Goran Jevtić]], [[Ivan Bosiljčić]], [[Gordan Kičić]], Slobodan Stefanović, [[Dubravko Jovanović]], [[Dragan Mićanović]], [[Slobodan Ninković]], [[Branislav Lečić]], Jakov Jevtović, Ivan Jevtović, [[Katarina Žutić]], [[Anica Dobra]], [[Voja Brajović]], [[Nebojša Glogovac]] and Dejan Lutkić.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraf.rs/vesti/732950-majstori-sinhronizacije-ko-se-krije-iza-duska-dugouska-silje-popaja-sundjera-boba-foto-video|title=Majstori Sinhronizacije: Ko se krije iza Duška Dugouška, Šilje, Popaja, Sunđera Boba? (Foto) (Video)|website=www.telegraf.rs|date=30 June 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.glossy.espreso.rs/zabava/film/23747/goran-jevtic-isidora-minic-i-lako-nikolic-o-filmu-ledeno-doba-4|title=Goran Jevtić, Isidora Minić i Lako Nikolić o filmu Ledeno Doba 4|website=Glossy|access-date=24 December 2020|archive-date=30 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200730053653/https://glossy.espreso.rs/zabava/film/23747/goran-jevtic-isidora-minic-i-lako-nikolic-o-filmu-ledeno-doba-4|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.b92.net/|title=B92 - Internet, Radio i TV stanica - najnovije vesti iz Srbije|website=B92.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.b92.net/kultura/vesti.php?nav_category=268&yyyy=2006&mm=08&dd=21&nav_id=208911|title=Započela "Sezona lova"|website=B92.net}}</ref>

====Slovenia====
In [[Slovenia]], all foreign films and television programs are subtitled with the exception of children's movies and TV shows (both animated or live-action). While dubbed versions are always shown in cinemas and later on TV channels, cinemas will sometimes play subtitled versions of children's movies as well.{{citation needed|date=March 2019}}

====United Kingdom====
In the [[United Kingdom]], the vast majority of foreign language films are subtitled, although mostly animated films are dubbed in English. These usually originate from [[North America]], as opposed to being dubbed locally. Foreign language serials shown on BBC Four are subtitled into English (although open subtitles are dropped during dialogues with English language segments already). There have, however, been notable examples of films and TV programs successfully dubbed in the UK, such as the Japanese ''[[Monkey (TV series)|Monkey]]'' and French ''[[The Magic Roundabout|Magic Roundabout]]'' series. When airing films on television, channels in the UK often choose subtitling over dubbing, even if a dubbing in English exists. It is also a fairly common practice for animation aimed at [[Preschool education|preschool]] children to be re-dubbed with British voice actors replacing the original voices, such as Spin Master Entertainment's ''[[PAW Patrol]]'' series, although this is not done with shows aimed at older audiences. The off-screen narrated portions of some programs and reality shows that originate from North America are also redone with British English voices. The 2020 Bavarian show on Netflix, ''[[Freud (TV series)|Freud]]'', has also been dubbed to English.

Some animated films and TV programs are also dubbed into [[Welsh language|Welsh]] and [[Scottish Gaelic]].

''[[Hinterland (TV series)|Hinterland]]'' displays a not so common example of a bilingual production. Each scene is filmed twice, in the English and Welsh languages, apart from a few scenes where Welsh with subtitles is used for the English version.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2013/jul/30/hinterland-tv-noir-wales |title=Hinterland – the TV noir so good they made it twice |first=Stephen |last=Moss |date=30 July 2013 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |location=[[London]] |access-date=5 May 2019}}</ref>

====General films and programming====
In the [[French language|French]]-, [[Italian language|Italian]]-, [[Spanish language|Spanish]]-, [[German language|German]]-, [[Russian language|Russian]]-, [[Polish language|Polish]]-, [[Czech language|Czech]]-, [[Slovak language|Slovak]]- and [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]]-speaking markets of [[Europe]], almost all foreign films and television shows are dubbed (with the main exception being the majority of theatrical releases of adult-audience movies in the [[Czech Republic]] and [[Slovakia]]). There are few opportunities to watch foreign movies in their original versions. In [[Spain]], [[Italy]], [[Germany]] and [[Austria]], even in the largest cities, there are few cinemas that screen original versions with [[Subtitle (captioning)|subtitles]], or without any translation. However, digital [[pay-TV]] programming is often available in the original language, including the latest movies. Prior to the rise of DVDs (and later [[Video on demand|Video on Demand]] and [[Streaming media|Streaming]]), which in these countries are mostly issued with multi-language audio tracks, original-language films (those in languages other than the country's official language) were rare, whether in theaters, on TV, or on home video, and subtitled versions were considered a product for small [[niche market]]s such as intellectual or [[art film]]s.

====Albania====
The first movie dubbed in [[Albanian language|Albanian]] was ''[[The Great Warrior Skanderbeg]]'' in 1954 and since then, there have been thousands of popular titles dubbed in Albanian by different dubbing studios. All animated films and [[Children's television series|children's TV shows]] are dubbed into Albanian (though in most cases, songs are left in English or the original language of the movie or TV show with Albanian subtitles). Many live-action movies are dubbed as well. TV series nevertheless are usually not dubbed, they are subtitled except for a few [[Mexico|Mexican]], [[Brazil]]ian and [[Turkey|Turkish]] soap operas, like: ''[[Por Ti (2022 TV series)|Por Ti]]'', ''[[Celebridade]]'', ''[[A Casa das Sete Mulheres]]'', ''[[Paramparça (TV series)|Paramparça]]'', etc. As for documentaries, Albania usually uses voice-over.

====France====
In [[France]], dubbing is the norm. Most movies with a theatrical release, including all those from major distributors, are dubbed. Those that are not, are foreign [[independent film]]s whose budget for international distribution is limited, or foreign [[art film]]s with a niche audience.

Almost all theaters show movies with their French dubbing ("VF", short for {{lang|fr|version française}}). Some of them also offer screenings in the original language ("VO", short for {{lang|fr|version originale}}), generally accompanied with French subtitles ("VOST", short for {{lang|fr|version originale sous-titrée}}). A minority of theaters (usually small ones) screen exclusively in the original language. According to the [[Centre national du cinéma et de l'image animée|CNC]] (National Centre for Cinematography), VOST screenings accounted for 16.9% of tickets sold in France.<ref>https://www.cnc.fr/documents/36995/153434/3667_CNC_Bilan-2023_global.pdf/97d8cdf9-a520-53d1-eeb1-b00830a76c35?t=1715777282280  page 29</ref>
In addition, dubbing is required for home entertainment and television screenings. However, since the [[Digital television transition|advent of digital television]], foreign programs are broadcast to [[Television in France|television]] viewers in both languages (sometimes, French with [[audio description]] is also aired); while the French-language track is selected by default, viewers can switch to the original-language track and enable French subtitles. As a special case, the binational television channel [[Arte]] broadcasts both the French and German dubbing, in addition to the original-language version.

Some voice actors that have dubbed for celebrities in the European French language are listed below.
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed"
|-
! European French dubbing artists !! Actor(s)/Actress(es) !! Notes
|-
| [[Benoît Allemane]] || [[Morgan Freeman]] ||
|-
| [[Adrien Antoine]] || [[Chris Hemsworth]]<br />[[Sam Worthington]]<br />[[Adrien Brody]]<br />[[Henry Cavill]]<br />[[Channing Tatum]]<br />[[Ashton Kutcher]]<br />[[Zachary Quinto]] ||
|-
| [[Jacques Balutin]]|| [[Elliott Gould]]<br />[[Paul Michael Glaser]] ||
|-
| [[Michèle Bardollet]] || [[Barbra Streisand]]<br />[[Bette Midler]]<br />[[Joan Collins]] ||
|-
| [[Magali Barney]]|| [[Alyssa Milano]] ||
|-
| [[Michel Bedetti]]|| [[Corey Burton]] ||
|-
| [[Chloé Berthier]]|| [[Kirsten Dunst]] ||
|-
| [[Claude Bertrand (actor)|Claude Bertrand]]|| [[Bud Spencer]]<br />[[Burt Lancaster]]<br />[[Roger Moore]]<br />[[Charles Bronson]]<br />[[John Wayne]] ||
|-
| [[Laura Blanc]]|| [[Jennifer Garner]]<br />[[Kate Beckinsale]] ||
|-
| [[Damien Boisseau]]|| [[Matt Damon]]<br />[[Edward Norton]]<br />[[James Marsden]]<br />[[Josh Hartnett]]<br />[[Sam Rockwell]]<br />[[Patrick Dempsey]]<br />[[Casper Van Dien]] ||
|-
| [[Roger Carel]]|| [[Peter Sellers]]<br />[[Peter Ustinov]]<br />[[Jack Lemmon]] ||
|-
| [[Marc Cassot]] || [[Paul Newman]]<br />[[Richard Harris]]<br />[[Michael Gambon]] ||
|-
| [[Bruno Choël]]|| [[Ewan McGregor]]<br />[[Mark Wahlberg]]<br />[[Johnny Depp]]<br />[[Jason Bateman]]<br />[[Matthew McConaughey]]<br />[[Greg Kinnear]]<br />[[Rob Lowe]] ||
|-
| [[Dominique Collignon-Maurin]]|| [[Mark Hamill]]<br />[[Nicolas Cage]]<br />[[Kevin Kline]] ||
|-
| [[Jérémie Covillault]]|| [[Benedict Cumberbatch]]<br />[[Tom Hardy]]<br />[[Joel Edgerton]]<br />[[Javier Bardem]] ||
|-
| [[Emmanuel Curtil]]|| [[Jim Carrey]]<br />[[Kyle Chandler]]<br />[[Johnny Knoxville]]<br />[[Mike Myers]] ||
|-
| [[Maïk Darah]]|| [[Whoopi Goldberg]]<br />[[Queen Latifah]]<br />[[Angela Bassett]]<br />[[Madonna]] ||
|-
| [[Richard Darbois]]|| [[Harrison Ford]]<br />[[Danny Glover]]<br />[[Richard Gere]]<br />[[Dan Aykroyd]]<br />[[Jeff Goldblum]]<br />[[William Hurt]]<br />[[Patrick Swayze]] ||
|-
| [[Jean Davy]] || [[Errol Flynn]]<br />[[Robert Taylor (American actor)|Robert Taylor]]<br />[[Orson Welles]]<br />[[Cary Grant]]<br />[[James Mason]]<br />[[Charlton Heston]]<br />[[Victor Mature]] ||
|-
| [[Béatrice Delfe]]|| [[Susan Sarandon]]<br />[[Diane Keaton]]<br />[[Geraldine Chaplin]]<br />[[Farrah Fawcett]] ||
|-
| [[Thierry Desroses]]|| [[Samuel L. Jackson]]<br />[[Wesley Snipes]]<br />[[Cuba Gooding Jr.]]<br />[[Forest Whitaker]] ||
|-
| [[Jean-Claude Donda]]|| [[Jim Broadbent]]<br />[[Ken Stott]]<br />[[William H. Macy]]<br />[[Joe Pantoliano]] ||
|-
| [[Alain Dorval]]|| [[Sylvester Stallone]]<br />[[Nick Nolte]] ||
|-
| [[Danièle Douet]]|| [[Nicole Kidman]]<br />[[Carrie-Anne Moss]]<br />[[Kristin Scott Thomas]] ||
|-
| [[Bruno Dubernat]]|| [[Neal McDonough]]<br />[[Blair Underwood]]<br />[[Taye Diggs]] ||
|-
| [[Patrice Dubois]]|| [[Mark Wahlberg]]<br />[[Paul Rudd]]<br />[[Josh Duhamel]]<br />[[Seann William Scott]] ||
|-
| [[Cédric Dumont]]|| [[Paul Rudd]]<br />[[Jason Biggs]]<br />[[Simon Pegg]]<br />[[Daniel Dae Kim]]<br />[[Eric Winter]] ||
|-
| [[Paule Emmanuele]]|| [[Shelley Winters]]<br />[[Elizabeth Taylor]]<br />[[Lois Maxwell]] ||
|-
| [[Xavier Fagnon]]|| [[Seth Rogen]]<br />[[Jason Momoa]]<br />[[Dylan McDermott]]<br />[[Michael Weatherly]] ||
|-
| [[Serge Faliu]]|| [[Adam Sandler]]<br />[[Charlie Sheen]]<br />[[Chris Tucker]]<br />[[Kal Penn]]<br />[[Terrence Howard]]<br />[[Emilio Estevez]] ||
|-
| [[Patrick Floersheim]]|| [[Michael Douglas]]<br />[[Jeff Bridges]]<br />[[Ed Harris]]<br />[[Robin Williams]] ||
|-
| [[Emmanuel Garijo]]|| [[Chris Pine]]<br />[[Michael Peña]]<br />[[Hayden Christensen]]<br />[[Liam Hemsworth]] ||
|-
| [[Alexandre Gillet]] || [[Elijah Wood]]<br />[[Joshua Jackson]]<br />[[Ryan Gosling]]<br />[[Ben Foster (actor)|Ben Foster]]<br />[[David Charvet]] ||
|-
| [[Claude Giraud]] || [[Robert Redford]]<br />[[Tommy Lee Jones]]<br />[[Alan Rickman]] ||
|-
| [[Claire Guibert]]|| [[Doris Day]]<br />[[Linda Darnell]]<br />[[Marilyn Monroe]]<br />[[Susan Hayward]] ||
|-
| [[Luq Hamet]]|| [[Michael J. Fox]]<br />[[Jason Priestley]] ||
|-
| [[Pierre Hatet]]|| [[Christopher Lloyd]]<br />[[Rip Torn]]<br />[[Tom Selleck]]<br />[[Mark Hamill]] ||
|-
| [[Med Hondo]]|| [[Eddie Murphy]]<br />[[Morgan Freeman]]<br />[[Carl Weathers]]<br />[[Richard Pryor]]<br />[[Ernie Hudson]] ||
|-
| [[Lucien Jean-Baptiste]]|| [[Chris Rock]]<br />[[Martin Lawrence]]<br />[[Don Cheadle]]<br />[[Ice Cube]] ||
|-
| [[Barbara Kelsch]]|| [[Milla Jovovich]]<br />[[Gwyneth Paltrow]]<br />[[Charlize Theron]] ||
|-
| [[David Krüger]]|| [[Dwayne Johnson]]<br />[[Michael Shannon]]<br />[[Chris Pratt]] ||
|-
| [[Gabriel Le Doze]]|| [[Gary Oldman]]<br />[[Kevin Spacey]]<br />[[Gabriel Byrne]]<br />[[Alfred Molina]]<br />[[Philip Seymour Hoffman]]<br />[[Toni Servillo]]<br />[[Chris Noth]] ||
|-
| [[Raymond Loyer]]|| [[John Wayne]]<br />[[Charlton Heston]]<br />[[Robert Ryan]]<br />[[Johnny Weissmuller]] ||
|-
| [[Marie-Eugénie Maréchal]]|| [[Kirsten Dunst]]<br />[[Elizabeth Banks]]<br />[[Amanda Seyfried]] ||
|-
| [[Tony Marot]]|| [[Tom Welling]]<br />[[Dominic Cooper]]<br />[[Ashton Kutcher]] ||
|-
| [[Jean-Pierre Michaël]]|| [[Brad Pitt]]<br />[[Keanu Reeves]]<br />[[Ethan Hawke]]<br />[[Ben Affleck]]<br />[[Michael Fassbender]]<br />[[Jude Law]]<br />[[Timothy Olyphant]] ||
|-
| [[Jean-Claude Michel]]|| [[Sean Connery]]<br />[[Clint Eastwood]]<br />[[Robert Mitchum]]<br />[[Rock Hudson]]<br />[[Charlton Heston]] ||
|-
| [[Céline Montsarrat]]|| [[Julia Roberts]]<br />[[Cheryl Ladd]]<br />[[Morgan Fairchild]] ||
|-
| [[Laurent Morteau]]|| [[Jeff Bennett]]<br />[[Will Forte]]<br />[[Thomas Lennon (actor)|Thomas Lennon]]<br />[[Jason Segel]] ||
|-
| [[Jean-Pierre Moulin]]|| [[Anthony Hopkins]]<br />[[Jack Nicholson]]<br />[[Donald Sutherland]] ||
|-
| [[Guillaume Orsat]]|| [[Brendan Fraser]]<br />[[Vin Diesel]]<br />[[Martin Donovan]]<br />[[Ty Olsson]]<br />[[Nathan Fillion]]<br />[[Peter Krause]]<br />[[Misha Collins]] ||
|-
| [[Charles Pestel]]|| [[Elijah Wood]]<br />[[Jonah Hill]] ||
|-
| [[Philippe Peythieu]]|| [[Corbin Bernsen]]<br />[[Danny DeVito]]<br />[[David Morse]]<br />[[Stephen Rea]] ||
|-
| [[Patrick Poivey]]|| [[Bruce Willis]]<br />[[Don Johnson]]<br />[[Tom Cruise]]<br />[[Mickey Rourke]] ||
|-
| [[Jacqueline Porel]] || [[Deborah Kerr]]<br />[[Audrey Hepburn]]<br />[[Lana Turner]] ||
|-
| [[Dorothée Pousséo]]|| [[Mary-Kate Olsen]]<br />[[Ashley Olsen]]<br />[[Piper Perabo]]<br />[[Brittany Murphy]]<br />[[Isla Fisher]] ||
|-
| [[Perette Pradier]]|| [[Faye Dunaway]]<br />[[Jacqueline Bisset]]<br />[[Kate Jackson]] ||
|-
| [[Jean-Philippe Puymartin]]|| [[Tom Hanks]]<br />[[Tom Cruise]]<br />[[Christian Slater]]<br />[[Quentin Tarantino]]<br />[[Marc Dacascos]] ||
|-
| [[Lita Recio]]|| [[Barbara Stanwyck]]<br />[[Marlene Dietrich]]<br />[[Agnes Moorehead]]<br />[[Bette Davis]] ||
|-
| [[Michel Roux]]|| [[Tony Curtis]]<br />[[Peter Sellers]]<br />[[Elvis Presley]]<br />[[Jack Lemmon]] ||
|-
| [[Roger Rudel]] || [[Kirk Douglas]]<br />[[Frank Sinatra]]<br />[[Tyrone Power]]<br />[[Fred Astaire]]<br />[[Gene Kelly]] ||
|-
| [[Martine Sarcey]]|| [[Audrey Hepburn]]<br />[[Julie Andrews]]<br />[[Joanne Woodward]]<br />[[Elizabeth Montgomery]] ||
|-
| [[Serge Sauvion]]|| [[Burt Reynolds]]<br />[[Peter Falk]] ||
|-
| [[Évelyn Séléna]]|| [[Glenn Close]]<br />[[Helen Mirren]]<br />[[Jane Fonda]]<br />[[Jane Seymour (actress)|Jane Seymour]]<br />[[Linda Gray]] ||
|-
| [[Yoann Sover]]|| [[Zac Efron]]<br />[[Dave Franco]]<br />[[Jackson Rathbone]]<br />[[Chad Michael Murray]] ||
|-
| [[Pierre Tessier]]|| [[Ryan Reynolds]]<br />[[Greg Germann]] ||
|-
| [[Jacques Thébault]]|| [[Audie Murphy]]<br />[[Steve McQueen]]<br />[[Robert Conrad]]<br />[[Patrick McGoohan]] ||
|-
| [[Frédérique Tirmont]]|| [[Emma Thompson]]<br />[[Meryl Streep]]<br />[[Sigourney Weawer]]<br />[[Mia Farrow]]<br />[[Susan Sarandon]] ||
|-
| [[Roger Tréville]]|| [[James Stewart]]<br />[[Robert Mitchum]] ||
|-
| [[Philippe Valmont]]|| [[Luke Wilson]]<br />[[Christian Bale]]<br />[[James Franco]] ||
|-
| [[Philippe Vincent]]|| [[Val Kilmer]]<br />[[Kevin Bacon]]<br />[[Kurt Russell]]<br />[[Josh Brolin]]<br />[[Gary Cole]] ||
|-
| [[Alexis Victor]]|| [[Bradley Cooper]]<br />[[Josh Duhamel]]<br />[[Patrick Wilson]]<br />[[James McAvoy]]<br />[[Jude Law]]<br />[[Tom Hiddleston]]<br />[[Joseph Gordon-Levitt]] ||
|-
| [[Caroline Victoria]]|| [[Anne Hathaway]]<br />[[Amy Adams]]<br />[[Katie Holmes]]<br />[[Anna Paquin]] ||
|-
| [[Michel Vigné]]|| [[Mickey Rourke]]<br />[[Michael Wincott]]<br />[[Ron Perlman]] ||
|-
| [[Marie Vincent]]|| [[Demi Moore]]<br />[[Kirstie Alley]] ||
|}

====Germany, Austria, Switzerland====
The [[German language|Germanophone]] dubbing market is the largest in Europe. Germany has the most foreign-movie-dubbing studios per capita and per given area in the world and according to the German newspaper [[Die Welt]] 52% of all voice actors currently work in the German dubbing industry. In Germany and Austria, practically all films, shows, television series and foreign [[soap opera]]s are shown in dubbed versions created for the German market. Dubbing films is a traditional and common practice in German-speaking Europe, since subtitles are not accepted and used as much as in other European countries. According to a European study, Austria is the country with the highest rejection rate (more than 70 percent) of subtitles, followed by Italy, Spain and Germany.{{citation needed|date=December 2012}}
In German-speaking markets, [[PC game|computer]] and video games feature German text menus and are generally dubbed into the German language if speaking parts exist.

Unlike in Austria and Germany, cinemas in German-speaking Switzerland historically strongly preferred subtitled versions of foreign-language films. Swiss film distributors commissioned dual-language prints with both German and French subtitles as the primary version, with the dubbed version also shown. In recent years, however, there has been a shift towards dubbed versions, which now account for the majority of showings.<ref>[http://www.tagesanzeiger.ch/kultur/kino/Das-Ende-der-Originalfassungen-/story/16348311?dossier_id=1730 ''Das Ende der Originalfassungen'' ("The End of Original Versions").] ''[[Tages-Anzeiger]]'', 19 November 2012.</ref> Television broadcasts of foreign films and programming have historically been dubbed.

Swiss and Austrian television stations have increasingly been broadcasting foreign-language movies and TV programs with [[Sound multiplex in broadcasting|multiple soundtracks]], allowing the viewer to choose between the original language (e.g. English) and the channel's local language (German, French, or Italian, according to the location).

Although German-speaking [[voice actor]]s play only a secondary role, they are still notable for providing familiar voices to well-known actors. Famous foreign actors are known and recognized for their [[German language|German]] voice, and the German audience is used to them, so dubbing is also a matter of authenticity. However, in larger cities, there are theaters where movies can be seen in their original versions, as [[English language|English]] has become somewhat more popular among young educated viewers. On German mainstream television, films are never broadcast with subtitles, but pay-per-view programming is often available in the original language. Subtitled niche and [[art film]]s are sometimes aired on smaller networks.

German-dubbed versions sometimes diverge greatly from the original, especially in adding humorous elements absent from the original. In extreme cases, such as ''[[The Persuaders!]]'' or ''[[Erik the Viking]]'', the German-dubbed version was more successful than the English original. Often, translation adds sexually explicit gags the U.S. versions might not be allowed to use. For example, in ''[[Bewitched (2005 film)|Bewitched]]'', the translators changed ''"The [[Door hanger|Do Not Disturb sign]] will hang on the door tonight"'' to ''"The only hanging thing tonight will be the Do Not Disturb sign"''. This practice was the most prevalent from the 1960s to 80s, from the 1990s onwards it became much less common.

Some movies dubbed in Austria diverge from the German Standard version in addressing other people but only when the movies are dubbed into certain Austrian dialect versions. (Mr. and Mrs. are translated into Herr and Frau which is usually not translated in order to be in lip-sync).
Sometimes even English pronounced first names are translated and are pronounced into the correct German equivalent (English name "Bert" became Southern German pronounced name "Bertl" which is an abbreviation for any name either beginning or even ending with "bert", e.g. "Berthold" or "Albert".)

Some movies dubbed before [[German reunification|reunification]] exist in different versions for the [[East Germany|east]] and the [[West Germany|west]]. They use different translations, and often differ in the style of dubbing.

Some of the well-known German dubbing voice artists are listed below.
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed"
|-
! German dubbing artists !! Actor(s)/Actress(es) !! Notes
|-
| [[Peer Augustinski]] || [[Robin Williams]] ||
|-
| [[Marie Bierstedt]]|| [[Kirsten Dunst]]<br />[[Anna Faris]]<br />[[Kate Beckinsale]] ||
|-
| [[Susanna Bonaséwicz]]|| [[Carrie Fisher]]<br />[[Isabelle Huppert]]<br />[[Sissy Spacek]] ||
|-
| [[Hallgerd Bruckhaus]]|| [[Meryl Streep]]<br />[[Sigourney Weaver]] ||
|-
| [[Christian Brückner]] || [[Robert De Niro]] ||
|-
| [[Michael Chevalier]] || [[Charles Bronson]]<br />[[Omar Sharif]] ||
|-
| [[Thomas Danneberg]] || [[Arnold Schwarzenegger]]<br />[[Sylvester Stallone]]<br />[[Nick Nolte]] ||
|-
| [[Marion Degler]]|| [[Sophia Loren]]<br />[[Audrey Hepburn]] ||
|-
| [[Eckart Dux]] || [[Anthony Perkins]] ||
|-
| [[Arne Elsholtz]] || [[Tom Hanks]]<br />[[Bill Murray]] ||
|-
| [[Max Felder]]|| [[Rupert Grint]]<br />[[Taylor Lautner]] ||
|-
| [[Rosemarie Fendel]] || [[Elizabeth Taylor]]<br />[[Jeanne Moreau]] ||
|-
| [[Gisela Fritsch]]|| [[Judi Dench]] ||
|-
| [[Frank Glaubrecht]]|| [[Al Pacino]]<br />[[Pierce Brosnan]]<br />[[Kevin Costner]] ||
|-
| [[Daniela Hoffmann]]|| [[Julia Roberts]] ||
|-
| [[Gert Günther Hoffmann]] || [[Paul Newman]]<br />[[Sean Connery]]<br />[[William Shatner]] ||
|-
| [[Hansi Jochmann]] || [[Jodie Foster]] ||
|-
| [[Martin Keßler]]|| [[Nicolas Cage]]<br />[[Vin Diesel]]<br />[[Temuera Morrison]]|| He also regularly dubs [[Dee Bradley Baker]] in his role as the [[Clone troopers]].
|-
| [[Renate Küster]]|| [[Faye Dunaway]]<br />[[Jane Fonda]] ||
|-
| [[Manfred Lehmann]]|| [[Bruce Willis]] ||
|-
| [[Margot Leonard]]|| [[Marilyn Monroe]]<br />[[Brigitte Bardot]] ||
|-
| [[Lutz Mackensey]]|| [[Rowan Atkinson]]<br />[[Christopher Lloyd]] ||
|-
| [[Arnold Marquis]] || [[John Wayne]] ||
|-
| [[Ulrich Matthes]] || [[Kenneth Branagh]] || Dubbed him as [[Henry V of England]] in the 1989 film ''[[Henry V (1989 film)|Henry V]]''.
|-
| [[Hartmut Neugebauer]] || [[Gene Hackman]]<br />[[John Goodman]]<br />[[Robbie Coltrane]] ||
|-
| [[Veronika Neugebauer]] || [[Neve Campbell]] ||
|-
| [[Timmo Niesner]] || [[Elijah Wood]]<br />[[Tom Welling]]<br />[[Peter Sarsgaard]]<br />[[Topher Grace]] || The Official German voice artist for Elijah Wood since 1999.
|-
| [[Heinz Petruo]]|| || As [[Darth Vader]]
|-
| [[Thomas Petruo]]|| [[Gary Oldman]] ||
|-
| [[Gabrielle Pietermann]] || [[Emma Watson]]<br />[[Selena Gomez]]<br />[[Meaghan Jette Martin]]<br />[[Anna Kendrick]] ||
|-
| [[Nico Sablik]]|| [[Daniel Radcliffe]] || Dubbed him as [[Harry Potter (character)|Harry Potter]] for the rest of the [[Harry Potter (film series)|titular film series]], starting with the third film.
|-
| [[Udo Schenk]]|| [[Gary Oldman]] ||
|-
| [[Dennis Schmidt-Foß]]|| [[Ryan Reynolds]]<br />[[Chris Evans (actor)|Chris Evans]] ||
|-
| [[Siegmar Schneider]]|| [[James Stewart]] ||
|-
| [[Tim Schwarzmaier]]|| [[Daniel Radcliffe]] || Dubbed him as [[Harry Potter (character)|Harry Potter]] of the first two installments of the [[Harry Potter (film series)|titular film series]].
|-
| [[Achime Schülke]]|| || Most well known as the German Voice of [[List of Bob the Builder characters|Spud]]
|-
| [[Georg Thomalla]] || [[Jack Lemmon]] ||
|-
| [[Jürgen Thormann]]|| [[Michael Caine]] ||
|-
| [[Andreas von der Meden]] || [[David Hasselhoff]] || Dubbed him in a majority of his work, including ''[[Baywatch]]'' and ''[[The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie]]''.
|-
| [[Dietmar Wunder]]|| [[Adam Sandler]]<br />[[Cuba Gooding Jr.]]<br />[[Daniel Craig]] ||
|}

====Hungary====
<!-- Please do not change this section to Romanian because the sources in this section are directly related to Hungary.-->
In [[Hungary]], dubbing is almost universally common. Almost every foreign movie or TV show released in Hungary is dubbed into Hungarian.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://matadornetwork.com/abroad/9-culture-shocks-americans-will-hungary/|title=9 culture shocks Americans will have in Hungary|website=Matador Network}}</ref> The history of dubbing dates back to the 1950s, when the country was still under communist rule.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.masterfilm.hu/services|title=Masterfilm :: Services|website=www.masterfilm.hu}}</ref> One of the most iconic Hungarian dubs was of the American cartoon ''[[The Flintstones]]'', with a local translation by [[József Romhányi]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sherlockian-sherlock.com/the-dubbed-versions-of-sherlock-holmes.php|title=Dubbed versions Sherlock Holmes, dubbing, hungarian voices|website=www.sherlockian-sherlock.com}}</ref> The Internetes Szinkron Adatbázis (ISzDB) is the largest Hungarian database for film dubs, with information for many live action and animated films.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.iszdb.hu/|title=ISzDb - Internetes Szinkron Adatbázis|website=www.iszdb.hu}}</ref> On page 59 of the Eurobarometer, 84% of Hungarians said that they prefer dubbing over subtitles.<ref name="eurobarometer" />

In the [[Socialism|socialist]] era, every film was dubbed with professional and mostly popular actors. Care was taken to make sure the same voice actor would lend their voice to the same original actor. In the early 1990s, as cinemas tried to keep up with showing newly released films, subtitling became dominant in the cinema. This, in turn, forced TV channels to make their own cheap versions of dubbed soundtracks for the movies they presented, resulting in a constant degrading of dubbing quality. Once this became customary, cinema distributors resumed the habit of dubbing for popular productions, presenting them in a below-average quality. However, every feature is presented with the original soundtrack in at least one cinema in large towns and cities.

However, in Hungary, most documentary films and series (for example, those on [[Discovery Channel]], [[National Geographic Channel]]) are made with [[Voice-over|voiceovers]], as is the case with most other countries that favor dubbing. Some old movies and series, or ones that provide non-translatable jokes and conversations (for example, the ''[[Mr. Bean]]'' television series), are shown only with subtitles.

There is a more recent problem arising from dubbing included on DVD releases. Many generations have grown up with an original (and, by current technological standards, outdated) soundtrack, which is either technologically (mono or bad quality stereo sound) or legally (expired soundtrack license) unsuitable for a DVD release. Many original features are released on DVD with a new soundtrack, which in some cases proves to be extremely unpopular, thus forcing DVD producers to include the original soundtrack. In some rare cases, the Hungarian voicetrack is left out altogether. This happened notably with Warner Home Video Hungary, which ignored the existence of Hungarian voicetracks completely, as they did not want to pay the licenses for the voicetracks to be included on their new DVD releases, which appear with improved picture quality, but very poor subtitling.

====Italy====
Dubbing is systematic in Italy, with a tradition going back to 1930. Rome is the main base of the dubbing industry, where major productions, such as movies, dramas, documentaries, and some animation films are dubbed. However, many animated works (especially anime products) are dubbed in Milan, as well as other minor productions. Virtually every foreign film of every genre and target audience—as well as TV shows—are dubbed into Italian. Some theatres in the bigger cities include original language shows in their schedules, even if this is an uncommon practice. Subtitles may be available on [[Late night television|late-night programs]] on mainstream TV channels. Pay-TV and streaming services provide films in the dubbed version as well as in their original language. In [[Benito Mussolini|Mussolini]]'s fascist Italy, the release of movies in foreign languages was banned in 1938 for political reasons.

Early in their careers, actors such as [[Alberto Sordi]] or [[Nino Manfredi]] worked extensively as dubbing actors. At a certain point, shooting scenes in [[MOS (filmmaking)|MOS]] (motor-only sync or motor-only shot) was a common practice in Italian cinema; all dialogue was dubbed in post-production. A notable instance is ''[[The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly]]'', in which all actors had to dub in their own voices.

Because many films would feature multinational casts, dubbing became necessary to ensure dialogue would be comprehensible regardless of the dub language. The presence of foreign actors also meant that some directors would have actors recite [[gibberish]] or otherwise unrelated words since the end goal was simply to have general lip movements over which to add dialogue.

A typical example of this practice was ''[[La Strada]]'', which starred two Americans; [[Anthony Quinn]] and [[Richard Basehart]], in leading roles. Rather than have dialogue spoken phonetically or have multiple languages at the same time (which would require lines to be translated multiple times), actors would instead count numbers corresponding to the number of lines. [[Liliana Betti]], assistant to director [[Federico Fellini]], described the system as such: "Instead of lines, the actor has to count off numbers in their normal order. For instance, a line of fifteen words equals an enumeration of up to thirty. The actor merely counts till thirty: 1-2-3-4-5-6-7. etc." Fellini used this system, which he coined "numerological diction," in many of his films. Other directors adopted similar systems.

Dubbing may also be used for artistic purposes. It was common for even Italian-speaking performers to have their dialogue dubbed by separate voice actors if their actual voice is thought to be unfitting or some otherwise unsuitable. Fellini, who was particularly fond of the dubbing process, heavily relied on dubbing Italian actors, whom he often chose among non-professionals based just on their appearance, employing voice actors to entirely dub and sometimes improvise the dialogue. Some voice actors, such as [[Carlo Croccolo]], [[Oreste Lionello]] or [[Elio Pandolfi]], were even cast to dub over the voices of multiple characters in the same film. A similar process was sometimes applied with professional actors: for example, in [[Django (1966 film)|''Django'']], lead actor [[Franco Nero]] was dubbed by [[Nando Gazzolo]] because he was thought to sound too youthful for the grizzled character he portrayed. [[Claudia Cardinale]], one of the major actresses of the 1960s and 70s, had a heavy accent from her Tunisian background, and was likewise dubbed for the first decade of her career. This practice was generally phased out in the 1990s, with the widespread adoption of [[sync sound]].

Video games are generally either dubbed into Italian (for instance, the [[Assassin's Creed (video game)|''Assassin's Creed'']], [[Halo (series)|''Halo'']], [[Batman: Arkham]], and [[Harry Potter (video games)|''Harry Potter'']] series) or released with the original audio tracks providing Italian subtitles.

As for documentaries, Italy usually uses voice-over.

The most important Italian voice actors and actresses, as well as the main celebrities dubbed in their careers, are listed below.

<!-- Please add only the most notable and well-known voice artists, such as the official voices of prominent actors/actresses.
If the voice artist dubbed a small number of films of an actor/actress, and they are not the main dubber of such actors/actresses, don't include them in this list.
List the actors/actresses dubbed most frequently first (refer to the voice artist's article on the Italian Wikipedia, where films dubbed are grouped by actors/actresses).
To find out if a voice artist is the most frequent dubber of an actor/actress, refer to the Italian Wikipedia article of the actor/actress, where their films are also grouped by dubbers.
Remember to use line breaks (<br />) to separate actors/actresses.
Very popular or emblematic roles dubbed can be mentioned in the "Notes" column (this can include, for example, roles from popular or long-running TV series).
This table is sorted by the year of career's start ("Years active"), then alphabetically (with the same starting year of activity sorted by their surname); keep this in mind when adding a new voice artist.
-->
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|+ class="nowrap" |Italian dubbing artists
|-
! style="width: 95pt;" | Voice actor/actress
! style="width: 60pt;" | Years active
! style="width: 110pt;" | Main actors/actresses dubbed
! Notes
|-
|[[Tina Lattanzi]]
|1923–1988
|[[Greta Garbo]]<br />[[Joan Crawford]]<br />[[Marlene Dietrich]]<br />[[Greer Garson]]<br />[[Rita Hayworth]]<br />[[Myrna Loy]]
|Famous for her deep, seductive, and adaptable voice, she was the main dubbing actress for ''femmes fatales'' in the 1930s and 1940s. Famous interpretations of animation roles were the [[Evil Queen (Disney)|Evil Queen]] in ''[[Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937 film)|Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs]]'', [[Lady Tremaine]] in ''[[Cinderella (1950 film)|Cinderella]]'', the [[Queen of Hearts (Alice's Adventures in Wonderland)|Queen of Hearts]] in ''[[Alice in Wonderland (1951 film)|Alice in Wonderland]]'' and [[Maleficent]] in ''[[Sleeping Beauty (1959 film)|Sleeping Beauty]]''.
|-
|[[Andreina Pagnani]]
|1924–1981
|[[Marlene Dietrich]]<br />[[Bette Davis]]<br />[[Ginger Rogers]]<br />[[Norma Shearer]]
|Active primarily as a theatre actress, her intense and nuanced voice made her one of the most prominent and esteemed dub actresses of her generation (along with [[Lydia Simoneschi]], [[Rosetta Calavetta]], [[Giovanna Scotto]] and [[Tina Lattanzi]]).
|-
|[[Carlo Romano]]
|1927–1975
|[[Jerry Lewis]]<br />[[Lou Costello]]<br />[[Bob Hope]]<br />[[Rod Steiger]]<br />[[Eli Wallach]]<br />[[Nigel Bruce]]<br />[[Louis de Funès]]<br />[[Peter Lorre]]<br />[[William Bendix]]<br />[[Fernando Sancho]]<br />[[Jason Robards]]
|He was the official Italian voice of Jerry Lewis, Bob Hope and Lou Costello; he was also well known for dubbing the role of [[Don Camillo]] played by French actor [[Fernandel]].
|-
|[[Rosetta Calavetta]]
|1930–1993
|[[Marilyn Monroe]]<br />[[Lana Turner]]<br />[[Doris Day]]<br />[[Eleanor Parker]]<br />[[Ava Gardner]]<br />[[Veronica Lake]]
|She was the official Italian voice of Lana Turner, Marilyn Monroe and Doris Day.
|-
|[[Mario Besesti]]
|1932–1968
|[[Charles Laughton]]<br />[[Thomas Mitchell (actor)|Thomas Mitchell]]<br />[[Edward Arnold (actor)|Edward Arnold]]<br />[[Edgar Buchanan]]<br />[[Charles Coburn]]<br />[[Raymond Massey]]
|He was considered one of the most significant dubbing artists of the [[Classical Hollywood cinema]] and worked on some of the early Disney animated films. He was the main dubber of all the actors listed.
|-
|[[Miranda Bonansea]]
|1932–2009
|[[Shirley Temple]]<br />[[Judy Garland]]<br />[[Anne Francis]]<br />[[Linda Hunt]]<br />[[June Allyson]]<br />[[Jean Simmons]]
|She was the official Italian voice of Shirley Temple.
|-
|[[Pino Locchi]]
|1932–1994
|[[Sean Connery]]<br />[[Giuliano Gemma]]<br />[[Tony Curtis]]<br />[[Charles Bronson]]<br />[[Sidney Poitier]]<br />[[Roger Moore]]<br />[[Jean-Paul Belmondo]]<br />[[Terence Hill]]<br />[[Clint Eastwood]]<br />[[Elvis Presley]]<br />[[Ringo Starr]]
|He was the official Italian voice of Sean Connery until 1994 and the primary Italian voice of [[James Bond (literary character)|James Bond]].
|-
|[[Lydia Simoneschi]]
|1932–1976
|[[Sophia Loren]]<br />[[Ingrid Bergman]]<br />[[Maureen O'Hara]]<br />[[Barbara Stanwyck]]<br />[[Susan Hayward]]<br />[[Jennifer Jones]]<br />[[Bette Davis]]<br />[[Joan Fontaine]]
| Considered the "queen" of Italian dubbing actresses (together with [[Rosetta Calavetta]], [[Rita Savagnone]], and Dhia Cristiani), she dubbed most of the classic Hollywood female stars at least once in her 40-year career.
|-
|[[Cesare Barbetti]]
|1934–2006
|[[Robert Redford]]<br />[[Robert Duvall]]<br />[[Steve McQueen]]<br />[[Jean-Louis Trintignant]]<br />[[Dean Jones (actor)|Dean Jones]]<br />[[Warren Beatty]]<br />[[Steve Martin]]<br />[[James Fox]]<br />[[William Shatner]]<br />[[Jon Voight]]<br />[[Kevin Kline]]<br />[[John Lennon]]
|Beginning his career as a child actor, he is best known for being the official Italian voice of Robert Redford and for dubbing most of the films of Robert Duvall, Steve McQueen, Warren Beatty and Dean Jones.
|-
|[[Emilio Cigoli]]
|1935–1980
|[[Orson Welles]]<br />[[Gregory Peck]]<br />[[Gary Cooper]]<br />[[John Wayne]]<br />[[Burt Lancaster]]<br />[[William Holden]]<br />[[Charlton Heston]]<br />[[Clark Gable]]<br />[[Jean Gabin]]<br />[[Lee Van Cleef]]<br />[[Steve Reeves]]<br />[[Vincent Price]]
|Considered the "King" of Italian dubbing actors (together with [[Giulio Panicali]] and [[Gualtiero De Angelis]]), he dubbed 7000 films from 1936 to 1980.
|-
|[[Giulio Panicali]]
|1935–1973
|[[Tyrone Power]]<br />[[Robert Taylor (American actor)|Robert Taylor]]<br />[[Glenn Ford]]<br />[[Ray Milland]]<br />[[Robert Mitchum]]<br />[[Kirk Douglas]]<br />[[Henry Fonda]]
|
|-
|[[Dhia Cristiani]]
|1936–1975
|[[Anne Baxter]]<br />[[Esther Williams]]<br />[[Virginia Mayo]]<br />[[Rhonda Fleming]]<br />[[Yvonne Sanson]]<br />[[Joanne Dru]]
|
|-
|[[Gualtiero De Angelis]]
|1936–1980
|[[James Stewart]]<br />[[Cary Grant]]<br />[[Errol Flynn]]<br />[[Dean Martin]]<br />[[Henry Fonda]]
|
|-
|[[Lauro Gazzolo]]
|1938–1970
|[[Walter Brennan]]<br />[[Bud Abbott]]<br />[[Peter Lorre]]<br />[[Sam Jaffe]]<br />[[Alan Napier]]
|
|-
|[[Giuseppe Rinaldi]]
|1939–1987
|[[James Dean]]<br />[[Paul Newman]]<br />[[Rock Hudson]]<br />[[Jack Lemmon]]<br />[[Peter Sellers]]<br />[[Van Johnson]]<br />[[Marlon Brando]]<br />[[Frank Sinatra]]
|
|-
|[[Luciano De Ambrosis]]
|1942–present
|[[James Caan]]<br />[[Burt Reynolds]]<br />[[Dennis Farina]]
|He is known for playing the lead role as a child actor in [[Vittorio De Sica]]'s film ''[[The Children Are Watching Us]]''. Since 1994, he replaced Pino Locchi as the main Italian voice of [[Sean Connery]]. He dubbed most of the roles of the listed actors.
|-
|[[Gianni Musy]]
|1942–2011
|[[Michael Gambon]]<br />[[Richard Harris (actor)|Richard Harris]]<br />[[Christopher Plummer]]<br />[[Ian McKellen|Max von Sydow]]<br />[[Ian McKellen]]
|He is best known for dubbing the roles of [[Albus Dumbledore]] (played by Richard Harris first, then by Michael Gambon) in the [[Harry Potter (film series)|''Harry Potter'' film series]] and [[Gandalf]] (played by Ian McKellen) in the [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''Lord of the Rings'' trilogy]] (replaced by [[Gigi Proietti]] after 2011). He also dubbed most of the roles of Christopher Plummer and Max von Sydow.
|-
|[[Massimo Turci]]
|1942–1990
|[[Russ Tamblyn]]<br />[[Paul McCartney]]
|
|-
|[[Ferruccio Amendola]]
|1943–2001
|[[Robert De Niro]]<br />[[Dustin Hoffman]]<br />[[Sylvester Stallone]]<br />[[Tomas Milian]]<br />[[Al Pacino]]<br />[[Peter Falk]]
|The Italian voice of Robert De Niro, Dustin Hoffman, and Sylvester Stallone in almost each of their films from 1969 to 1995. He also dubbed the most famous interpretations of Al Pacino. He was chosen by Tomas Milian himself for his dubbed voice.
|-
|[[Maria Pia Di Meo]]
|1944–present
|[[Meryl Streep]]<br />[[Audrey Hepburn]]<br />[[Julie Andrews]]<br />[[Shirley MacLaine]]<br />[[Jane Fonda]]<br />[[Barbra Streisand]]<br />[[Sandra Dee]]<br />[[Julie Christie]]<br />[[Ursula Andress]]
|The most important female dubbing voice in Italy after 1960. Best known for being the official Italian voice of Meryl Streep, she dubbed most of the films of all the listed actresses.
|-
|[[Corrado Gaipa]]
|1946–1989
|[[Lionel Stander]]<br />[[Lee J. Cobb]]<br />[[Orson Welles]]<br />[[Alec Guinness]]
|Best known for portraying Don Tommasino in ''[[The Godfather]]'', he dubbed most of the roles of Lion Stander and Lee J. Cobb and some interpretations of Orson Welles between 1965 and 1972. He also dubbed Alec Guinness in the [[Star Wars original trilogy|''Star Wars'' classic trilogy]].
|-
|[[Renato Turi]]
|1946–1991
|[[Walter Matthau]]<br />[[Lee Marvin]]<br />[[Christopher Lee]]<br />[[Lee Van Cleef]]<br />[[John Carradine]]<br />[[Telly Savalas]]<br />[[Sidney Poitier]]<br />[[Charlton Heston]]<br />[[Charles Tingwell]]
|
|-
|[[Enrico Maria Salerno]]
|1946–1994
|[[Clint Eastwood]]
|He was the Italian voice of Clint Eastwood in the ''[[Dollars Trilogy]]'' and ''[[Hang 'Em High]]''.
|-
|[[Nando Gazzolo]]
|1948–2015
|[[David Niven]]<br />[[Peter Cushing]]<br />[[Rex Harrison]]<br />[[Michael Caine]]<br />[[George C. Scott]]<br />[[Franco Nero]]<br />[[Henry Fonda]]
|
|-
|[[Vittoria Febbi]]
|1949–present
|[[Barbara Bouchet]]<br />[[Charlotte Rampling]]<br />[[Edwige Fenech]]<br />[[Liv Ullmann]]<br />[[Diane Keaton]]<br />[[Barbara Bach]]<br />[[Kathy Bates]]<br />[[Laura Gemser]]<br />[[Florinda Bolkan]]
|
|-
|[[Flaminia Jandolo]]
|1950–2019
|[[Brigitte Bardot]]
|
|-
|[[Rita Savagnone]]
|1952–present
|[[Vanessa Redgrave]]<br />[[Edwige Fenech]]<br />[[Claudia Cardinale]]<br />[[Whoopi Goldberg]]<br />[[Elizabeth Taylor]]<br />[[Ingrid Bergman]]<br />[[Greta Garbo]]<br />[[Sophia Loren]]<br />[[Nieves Navarro]]<br />[[Ursula Andress]]<br />[[Florinda Bolkan]]<br />[[Dominique Sanda]]<br />[[Loredana Nusciak]]<br />[[Stefania Sandrelli]]
|
|-
|[[Angelo Nicotra]]
|1952–2022
|[[Morgan Freeman]]<br />[[Danny Glover]]<br />[[Brendan Gleeson]]<br />
|Nicotra took over as the Italian voice of Morgan Freeman after [[Renato Mori]]'s retirement in 2011.
|-
|[[Oreste Lionello]]
|1953–2009
|[[Woody Allen]]<br />[[Gene Wilder]]<br />[[Peter Sellers]]<br />[[George Harrison]]
|He was the official Italian voice of Woody Allen, dubbing almost all of his interpretations from 1965 to 2006. After his death, Allen claimed Lionello had made him «a better actor than I am, a funnier person than I am, and a hero» to Italian audiences.<ref>{{cite video|URL=https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=x1emHnhuRU4&pp=ygUbd29vZHkgYWxsZW4gb3Jlc3RlIGxpb25lbGxv|title=Woody Allen remembers Oreste Lionello}}</ref> He also dubbed most of the roles of Gene Wilder, Peter Sellers, and all the film appearances of George Harrison.
|-
|[[Alessandro Rossi (actor)|Alessandro Rossi]]
|1955–present
|[[Liam Neeson]]<br />[[Arnold Schwarzenegger]]<br />[[Samuel L. Jackson]]<br />[[Ving Rhames]]<br />[[Michael Clarke Duncan]]<br />[[Patrick Stewart]]
|Recognizable by his deep, baritone voice, he dubbed most of the roles of Liam Neeson, Arnold Schwarzenegger, Ving Rhames and Michael Clarke Duncan.
|-
|[[Sergio Graziani]]
|1956–2014
|[[Donald Sutherland]]<br />[[Michael Caine]]<br />[[Peter O'Toole]]<br />[[Klaus Kinski]]<br />[[Richard Harris]]<br />[[Philippe Noiret]]<br />[[Franco Nero]]
| He dubbed Franco Nero in most of the Italian versions of his films prior to the mid-1970s, after which Nero dubbed himself.
|-
|[[Dario Penne]]
|1957–present
|[[Anthony Hopkins]]<br />[[Michael Caine]]<br />[[Christopher Lloyd]]<br />[[Dennis Hopper]]<br />[[Alan Rickman]]<br />[[James Cromwell]]
|He is the Italian voice of Anthony Hopkins in every film since 1990 and of Michael Caine in almost every film since 1992.
|-
|[[Roberto Chevalier]]
|1958–present
|[[Tom Cruise]]<br />[[Tom Hanks]]<br />[[Andy García]]<br />[[Greg Kinnear]]
|He is the Italian voice of Tom Cruise, dubbing most of his roles since 1986.
|-
|[[Glauco Onorato]]
|1959–2009
|[[Bud Spencer]]<br />[[Lino Ventura]]<br />[[Danny Glover]]<br />[[Charles Bronson]]<br />[[James Coburn]]<br />[[Arnold Schwarzenegger]]<br />[[George Harrison]]
|He was best known for dubbing most of Bud Spencer's interpretations. He was also the Italian voice of Arnold Schwarzenegger in his most iconic films (''[[The Terminator]]'' and ''[[Predator (film)|Predator]]'').
|-
|[[Sandro Acerbo]]
|1960–present
|[[Brad Pitt]]<br />[[Will Smith]]<br />[[Michael J. Fox]]
|
|-
|[[Manlio De Angelis]]
|1960–2017
|[[Joe Pesci]]<br />[[Alan Arkin]]<br />[[Gene Wilder]]<br />[[Roy Scheider]]<br />[[Richard Dreyfuss]]
|
|-
|[[Sergio Fiorentini]]
|1960–2014
|[[Gene Hackman]]<br />[[Eli Wallach]]
|
|-
|[[Alina Moradei]]
|1960–2012
|[[Angela Lansbury]]
|Official Italian voice of Lansbury, the English actress said she was «proud to be dubbed by such a great actress», also pointing out how similar their voices were.<ref>{{YouTube|id=zdOF9DlNcJU|title=Angela Lansbury vince il Telegatto per “La signora in giallo”- canale 5 (1999)}}</ref>
|-
|[[Oreste Rizzini]]
|1960–2008
|[[Michael Douglas]]<br />[[Jon Voight]]<br />[[Bill Murray]]
|
|-
|[[Giampiero Albertini]]
|1962–1991
|[[Peter Falk]]
|He was best known for being the Italian voice of Peter Falk in his role of [[Columbo (character)|Columbo]] (in the first eight seasons, until 1991, except in the second pilot episode).
|-
|[[Roberto Del Giudice]]
|1962–2007
|[[Lee Majors]]<br />[[Terry Jones]]<br />[[Timothy Bottoms]]
|
|-
|[[Renato Mori]]
|1962–2011
|[[Morgan Freeman]]<br />[[Gene Hackman]]<br />[[James Earl Jones]]<br />[[John Rhys-Davies]]<br />[[Rod Steiger]]<br />[[Jack Warden]]<br />[[Robert Shaw (actor)|Robert Shaw]]<br />[[Brian Dennehy]]
|
|-
|[[Sergio Di Stefano]]
|1963–2010
|[[Jeff Bridges]]<br />[[John Malkovich]]<br />[[Kevin Costner]]<br />[[Hugh Laurie]]<br />[[Alan Rickman]]
|The official Italian voice of Jeff Bridges and John Malkovich, he dubbed Kevin Costner in seven films from 1985 to 2007. He was also well known for dubbing [[Hugh Laurie]] in the first six seasons of the TV series [[House (TV series)|House]] (2004–2010) and for being one of the most frequent dubbers of [[Christopher Lambert]] (17 films from 1986 to 2005).
|-
|[[Michele Gammino]]
|1965–present
|[[Harrison Ford]]<br />[[Steven Seagal]]<br />[[Kevin Costner]]<br />[[Jack Nicholson]]<br />[[Bill Murray]]<br />[[Chevy Chase]]<br />[[Bob Hoskins]]
|The official Italian voice of Harrison Ford and Steven Seagal, he dubbed most of the interpretations of the listed actors. He also dubbed [[James Bond (literary character)|James Bond]] played by Timothy Dalton.
|-
|[[Giancarlo Giannini]]
|1965–present
|[[Al Pacino]]<br />[[Jack Nicholson]]
|He is the official dubber of Al Pacino since 1995 (previously shared with Ferruccio Amendola). Among the others, he dubbed some roles of Jack Nicholson (including the film ''Shining'') and Michael Douglas.
|-
|[[Omero Antonutti]]
|1966–2019
|[[Christopher Lee]]<br />[[Christopher Plummer]]<br />[[James Cromwell]]
|
|-
|[[Michele Kalamera]]
|1966–present
|[[Clint Eastwood]]<br />[[Steve Martin]]<br />[[Michael Caine]]<br />[[Leslie Nielsen]]
|The official Italian voice of Clint Eastwood.
|-
|[[Carlo Valli]]
|1966–present
|[[Robin Williams]]<br />[[Jim Broadbent]]<br />[[Colm Meaney]]
|The official Italian voice of Robin Williams.
|-
|[[Fabio Boccanera]]
|1968–present
|[[Johnny Depp]]<br />[[Colin Farrell]]<br />[[Clive Owen]]<br />[[Joaquin Phoenix]]
|He is the most frequent dubber of Colin Farrell, Clive Owen, Joaquin Phoenix and dubbed most of the roles of Johnny Depp; he shares the Italian dubbing of Johnny Depp, [[Ben Affleck]] and [[Cuba Gooding Jr.]] with his cousin [[Riccardo Rossi (voice actor)|Riccardo Rossi]].
|-
|[[Vittorio Guerrieri]]
|1968–present
|[[Ben Stiller]]<br />[[John Corbett]]<br />[[Steve Carell]]
|He is the official dubber of Ben Stiller from 2000.
|-
|[[Giorgio Lopez]]
|1969–2021
|[[Danny DeVito]]<br />[[Dustin Hoffman]]<br />[[John Cleese]]<br />[[Pat Morita]]
|
|-
|[[Riccardo Rossi (voice actor)|Riccardo Rossi]]
|1970–present
|[[Adam Sandler]]<br />[[Ben Affleck]]<br />[[Mark Ruffalo]]<br />[[Christian Bale]]<br />[[Sam Rockwell]]<br />[[Matt Damon]]<br />[[Cuba Gooding Jr.]]<br />[[Paul Walker]]
|He shares the Italian dubbing of Ben Affleck, Cuba Gooding Jr. and [[Johnny Depp]] with his cousin [[Fabio Boccanera]].
|-
|[[Oreste Baldini]]
|1974–present
|[[John Cusack]]<br />[[Ken Jeong]]<br />[[Noah Taylor]]
|The official Italian voice of John Cusack, he is the main dubber of the listed actors. He portrayed [[Vito Corleone]] as a child in the flashback sequences of ''[[The Godfather Part II]]''.
|-
|[[Fabrizio Vidale]]
|1975–present
|[[Jack Black]]<br />[[Martin Freeman]]<br />[[Don Cheadle]]<br />[[Marlon Wayans]]
|
|-
|[[Ilaria Latini]]
|1976–present
|[[Katie Holmes]]<br />[[Amy Adams]]<br />[[Anna Faris]]<br />[[Hayley Atwell]]
|The official Italian voice dubber of Katie Holmes, Amy Adams and Anna Faris, she dubbed most of the films of the listed actresses.
|-
|[[Tonino Accolla]]
|1978–2013
|[[Eddie Murphy]]<br />[[Mickey Rourke]] <br />[[Jim Carrey]]<br />[[Billy Crystal]]
|He was best known for being the Italian voice of Eddie Murphy until 2009; he was also very popular for being the Italian voice of [[Homer Simpson]] in the first 23 seasons of the sitcom [[The Simpsons]] (1989–2012). He dubbed some popular comedy roles of Jim Carrey, such as Ace Ventura and Bruce Almighty.
|-
|[[Luca Biagini]]
|1979–present
|[[John Malkovich]]<br />[[Kevin Kline]]<br />[[Michael Keaton]]<br />[[Hugh Laurie]]<br />[[Colin Firth]]
|
|-
|[[Stefano De Sando]]
|1979–present
|[[Robert De Niro]]<br />[[James Gandolfini]]<br />[[Bryan Cranston]]<br />[[Tim Robbins]]<br />[[John Goodman]]
|
|-
|[[Nino Prester]]
|1979–present
|[[Eugene Levy]]<br />[[Gary Oldman]]<br />[[Stanley Tucci]]<br />[[Dave Bautista]]<br />[[Michael Rooker]]
|
|-
|[[Pasquale Anselmo]]
|1980–present
|[[Nicolas Cage]]<br />[[John Turturro]]
|The official Italian voice of Nicolas Cage since 1996.<br />[[Philip Seymour Hoffman]]<br >[[Clark Gregg]]
|-
|[[Paolo Buglioni]]
|1980–present
|[[Nick Nolte]]<br />[[Alec Baldwin]]<br />[[Samuel L. Jackson]]
|
|-
|[[Danilo De Girolamo]]
|1980–2012
|[[Alan Cumming]]<br />[[Vincent Gallo]]<br />[[Ulrich Tukur]]<br />[[David Thewlis]]<br />[[Jack Davenport]]
|
|-
|[[Roberto Pedicini]]
|1980–present
|[[Kevin Spacey]]<br />[[Jim Carrey]]<br />[[Woody Harrelson]]<br />[[Javier Bardem]]<br />[[Ralph Fiennes]]<br />[[Temuera Morrison]]
|He is the current official voice of Kevin Spacey and Jim Carrey; he dubbed most of the interpretations of the listed actors.
|-
|[[Pino Insegno]]
|1981–present
|[[Will Ferrell]]<br />[[Viggo Mortensen]]<br />[[Liev Schreiber]]<br />[[Michael Shannon]]<br />[[Sacha Baron Cohen]]
|The official Italian voice of Will Ferrell, he dubbed most of the interpretations of the listed actors.
|-
|[[Pietro Ubaldi (dubber)|Pietro Ubaldi]]
|1981–present
|[[Geoffrey Rush]]
|He voiced Hector Barbossa in the ''[[Pirates of the Caribbean]]'' films.
|-
|[[Luca Ward]]
|1981–present
|[[Pierce Brosnan]]<br />[[Samuel L. Jackson]]<br />[[Russell Crowe]]<br />[[Keanu Reeves]]<br />[[Hugh Grant]]<br />[[Gerard Butler]]<br />[[Antonio Banderas]]<br />[[Kevin Bacon]]
|He is the official Italian voice of Pierce Brosnan, Samuel L. Jackson, Keanu Reeves and Russell Crowe. He provided the Italian voice of [[James Bond (literary character)|James Bond]] during his portrayal by Pierce Brosnan.
|-
|[[Rossella Acerbo]]
|1982–present
|[[Drew Barrymore]]<br />[[Michelle Rodriguez]]<br />[[Lisa Kudrow]]<br />[[Amanda Peet]]<br />[[Heather Graham]]<br />[[Reese Witherspoon]]
|
|-
|[[Angelo Maggi]]
|1982–present
|[[Tom Hanks]]<br />[[Robert Downey Jr.]]<br />[[Gary Oldman]]<br />[[John C. McGinley]]
|
|-
|[[Massimo Venturiello]]
|1982–present
|[[Gary Oldman]]<br />[[James Woods]]<br />[[Kurt Russell]]
|
|-
|[[Vittorio De Angelis]]
|1983–2015
|[[Cary Elwes]]<br />[[Kevin James]]<br />[[Matt LeBlanc]]<br />[[Brendan Fraser]]<br />[[Steve Zahn]]
|
|-
|[[Mino Caprio]]
|1983–present
|[[Martin Short]]
|
|-
|[[Francesco Pezzulli]]
|1983–present
|[[Leonardo DiCaprio]]<br />[[Daniel Brühl]]<br />[[Hayden Christensen]]<br />[[Aaron Paul]]<br />[[Dominic Cooper]]
|He is the Italian voice of Leonardo DiCaprio since 1997 (excluding the film ''The Man in the Iron Mask'').
|-
|[[Federica De Bortoli]]
|1984–present
|[[Natalie Portman]]<br />[[Rachel McAdams]]<br />[[Isla Fisher]]<br />[[Kristen Stewart]]
|She is the main Italian dubber of all the listed actresses.
|-
|[[Davide Perino]]
|1984–present
|[[Elijah Wood]]
|
|-
|[[Cristina Boraschi]]
|1985–present
|[[Julia Roberts]]<br />[[Sandra Bullock]]<br />[[Julianne Moore]]
|She is the main Italian voice of Julia Roberts, while she dubbed many roles of Sandra Bullock and Julianne Moore.
|-
|[[Myriam Catania]]
|1985–present
|[[Keira Knightley]]<br />[[Amanda Seyfried]]<br />[[Jessica Alba]]
|
|-
|[[Francesco Pannofino]]
|1985–present
|[[George Clooney]]<br />[[Denzel Washington]]<br />[[Robbie Coltrane]]<br />[[Kurt Russell]]
|He is the official Italian voice of George Clooney and Denzel Washington.
|-
|[[Francesco Prando]]
|1985–present
|[[Luke Perry]]<br />[[Matthew McConaughey]]<br />[[Vince Vaughn]]<br />[[Guy Pearce]]<br />[[Michael Fassbender]]<br />[[Daniel Craig]]<br />[[Eric McCormack]]<br />[[Jason Statham]]
|He is popular for dubbing the following actors in long-term television series: Luke Perry (''[[Beverly Hills, 90210]]'', 199 episodes), Eric McCormack in (''[[Will & Grace]]'', 187 episodes), Eric Dane (''[[Grey's Anatomy]]'', 135 episodes). He is also known for providing the Italian voice of [[James Bond (literary character)|James Bond]] during his portrayal by Daniel Craig. He dubbed the majority of the film roles of all the listed actors.
|-
|[[Stefano Benassi]]
|1986–present
|[[Christoph Waltz]]<br />[[Colin Firth]]<br />[[Woody Harrelson]]<br />[[Tim Robbins]]<br />[[Gary Oldman]]
|
|-
|[[Valentina Mari]]
|1986–present
|[[Natalie Portman]]<br />[[Audrey Tautou]]<br />[[Kristen Bell]]<br />[[Amanda Seyfried]]
|
|-
|[[Sonia Scotti]]
|1987–present
|[[Whoopi Goldberg]]
|
|-
|[[Simone Mori (voice actor)|Simone Mori]]
| 1988–present
|[[Seth Rogen]]<br />[[John C. Reilly]]<br />[[Ice Cube]]<br />[[Omar Sy]]
|
|-
|[[Simone Crisari]]
|1989–present
|[[Jonah Hill]]<br />[[Macaulay Culkin]]
|
|-
|[[Eleonora De Angelis]]
|1989–present
|[[Jennifer Aniston]]<br />[[Cameron Diaz]]<br />[[Angelina Jolie]]
|
|-
|[[Christian Iansante]]
|1989–present
|[[Bradley Cooper]]
|He has dubbed all of Cooper's roles since 2009.
|-
|[[Alessia Amendola]]
|1990–present
|[[Lindsay Lohan]]<br />[[Michelle Trachtenberg]]<br />[[Danielle Panabaker]]<br />[[Brenda Song]]
|
|-
|[[Nanni Baldini]]
|1990–present
|[[Kevin Hart]]<br />[[Chris Rock]]<br />[[Topher Grace]]<br />[[Adam Goldberg]]
|
|-
|[[Domitilla D'Amico]]
|1990–present
|[[Kirsten Dunst]]<br />[[Scarlett Johansson]]<br />[[Anne Hathaway]]<br />[[Margot Robbie]]<br />[[Eva Green]]<br />[[Mila Kunis]]<br />[[Abbie Cornish]]
|She is the official Italian voice actress of Kirsten Dunst and Scarlett Johansson.
|-
|[[Flavio Aquilone]]
|1994–present
|[[Zac Efron]]<br />[[Tom Felton]]<br />[[Dane DeHaan]]<br />[[Anton Yelchin]]<br />[[Devon Bostick]]<br />[[Liam Hemsworth]]
|
|-
|[[Perla Liberatori]]
|1994–present
|[[Hilary Duff]]<br />[[Scarlett Johansson]]
|She dubbed most of the roles of Hilary Duff; among the others, she also dubbed many interpretations of Scarlett Johansson.
|-
|[[Manuel Meli]]
|2003–present
|[[Josh Hutcherson]]<br />[[Cole Sprouse]]<br />[[Vincent Martella]]
|He dubbed most of the roles of Josh Hutcherson.
|-
|[[Maurizio Merluzzo]]
|2007–present
|[[Zachary Levi]]
|He dubbed many roles in video games and animated series.
|-
|[[Joy Saltarelli]]
|2008–present
|[[Jennifer Lawrence]]<br />[[Ana de Armas]]
|She dubbed many roles of Jennifer Lawrence and Ana de Armas.
|}

=====Latvia, Lithuania=====
In [[Latvia]] and [[Lithuania]], only children's movies get dubbed in the cinema, while many live-action movies for an older audience use voice-over. Most children's TV shows, like ''[[SpongeBob SquarePants]]'', use voice-overs, but in recent years, a few of them, mainly aimed at preschoolers, have been dubbed into Latvian and Lithuanian.

====Poland====
{{more citations needed|section|date=May 2024}}
In the past, foreign movies were all subtitled in Polish.<ref name="auto1">{{cite book|title=Das kulturelle Leben der Deutschen in Niederschlesien unter polnischer Verwaltung. 1947-1958|first=Bernhard|last=Grund|publisher=Bundesministerium für gesamtdeutsche Fragen|place=Bonn und Berlin|date=1967|series=Bonner Berichte aus Mittel- und Ostdeutschland|page=119}}</ref> Poland's dubbing traditions began between the two world wars. In 1931, among the first movies dubbed into Polish were ''[[Dangerous Curves (1929 film)|Dangerous Curves]]'' (1929), ''[[The Dance of Life (film)|The Dance of Life]]'' (1929), ''[[Paramount on Parade]]'' (1930), and ''[[Darling of the Gods]]'' (1930). In 1949, the first dubbing studio opened in [[Łódź]]. The first film dubbed that year was ''Russkiy Vopros'' (filmed 1948).{{citation needed|date=May 2024}} Although quality was poor at first, the number of dubbed movies and the quality of dubbing improved, and between the 1960s and the 1980s around a third of foreign movies screened in cinemas were dubbed. The "Polish dubbing school" was known for its high quality. The person who initiated high-quality dubbing versions was director Zofia Dybowska-Aleksandrowicz.Polish television dubbed popular films and TV series such as ''[[Rich Man, Poor Man (miniseries)|Rich Man, Poor Man]]''; ''[[Fawlty Towers]]'', ''[[Forsyte Saga]]'', ''[[Elizabeth R]]'', ''[[I, Claudius]]'', ''[[I'll Take Manhattan (miniseries)|I'll Take Manhattan]]'', and ''[[Peter the Great (TV series)|Peter the Great]]''.{{citation needed|date=May 2024}}

In the 1980s, due to budget cuts, state-run TV saved on tapes by voicing films over live during transmission. Overall, during 1948–1998, almost 1,000 films were dubbed in Polish. In the 1990s, dubbing films and TV series continued, although often also for one emission only.{{citation needed|date=May 2024}} In 1995, [[Canal+ (Polish TV provider)|Canal+]] was launched in Poland. In its first years, it dubbed 30% of its schedule, including popular films and TV series such as ''[[Friends]]'', but this proved unsuccessful.<ref name="WSJ-Patrick">{{cite news |last1=Patrick |first1=Aaron O. |title=On Polish TV, Desperate Wives Sound Like Guys |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB119215016517556740 |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |date=12 October 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222233455/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB119215016517556740 |archive-date=22 December 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> It stopped dubbing films in 1999. From the 1990s until its closure in 2001, dubbing was done by [[Wizja Jeden]] TV channel, which mainly dubbed [[BBC Television]] productions such as ''[[The League of Gentlemen]]'', ''[[Absolutely Fabulous]]'', and ''[[Men Behaving Badly]]''.

Currently,{{when|date=May 2024}} dubbing of films and TV series for teenagers is done by [[Nickelodeon (Polish TV channel)|Nickelodeon]] and [[Disney Channel (Polish TV channel)|Disney Channel]]. One of the major breakthroughs in dubbing was the Polish release of ''[[Shrek]]'' (2001), which contained many references to local culture and Polish humor. However live-action dubbing is still considered a bad practice.{{citation needed|date=May 2024}} Since the theatrical release of ''[[The Avengers (2012 film)|The Avengers]]'' in May 2012, Walt Disney Company Polska has dubbed all films for cinema releases. However, when a dub is produced but the film's target audience is not exclusively children, both dubbed and subtitled versions are usually available in movie theaters at different times.{{citation needed|date=May 2024}} Cinema releases for general audiences are almost exclusively subtitled, with the exception of children's movies, home media releases, television screenings of movies, and made-for-TV shows. These are usually shown with voice-over translation, where a voice talent reads a translation over the original soundtrack, similar to the [[Gavrilov translation]] used in Russia, with one difference—all dialogues are voiced by one off-screen reader.

====Russia====
[[Russia]]n television is generally dubbed, but often uses the [[voice-over translation]] method with only a couple of voice actors, with the original speech still audible underneath. In the [[Soviet Union]], most foreign movies to be officially released were dubbed. Voice-over dub was invented in the [[Soviet Union]] in the 1980s when with the fall of the regime, many popular foreign movies, previously forbidden, or at least questionable under communist rule, started to flood in, in the form of low-quality home-copied videos. Being unofficial releases, they were dubbed in a very primitive way. For example, the translator spoke the text directly over the audio of a video being copied, using primitive equipment. The quality of the resulting dub was very low: The translated phrases were off-sync (interfering with the original voices), background sounds leaked into the track, the translation was inaccurate, and, most importantly, all dub voices were made by a single person who usually lacked the intonation of the original, making comprehension of some scenes quite difficult. This method of translation exerted a strong influence on Russian pop culture. Voices of translators became recognizable for generations.

In modern Russia, the overdubbing technique is still used in many cases, although with vastly improved quality, and now with multiple voice actors dubbing different original voices. Video games are generally either dubbed into Russian (such as the ''Legend of Spyro'' trilogy, the ''Skylanders'' series, the ''Assassin's Creed'' saga, the ''Halo'' series, the ''Harry Potter'' series, etc.) or released with original-speaking tracks but with all the texts translated into Russian language. The technique of non-voiceover dubbing, without the original speech still audible underneath, has also gained traction in Russia in the 21st century.

Releases of films in cinemas are almost always dubbed in the Russian language. Television series are typically shown as a dubbed or voiceovered translation. Subtitles are rarely used.

Some of the well-known Russian dubbing voice artists are listed below.
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed"
|-
! Russian dubbing artists !! Actor(s)/Actress(es) !! Notes
|-
| [[Olga Zubkova]]|| [[Cate Blanchett]]<br />[[Angelina Jolie]]<br />[[Charlize Theron]]<br />[[Michelle Pfeiffer]]<br />[[Sigourney Weaver]]<br />[[Julianne Moore]]<br />[[Rene Russo]]<br />[[Rose Byrne]]<br />[[Charlotte Rampling]] ||
|-
| [[Vsevolod Kuznetsov]]|| [[Brad Pitt]]<br />[[Tom Cruise]]<br />[[Keanu Reeves]]<br />[[Ralph Fiennes]] ||
|-
| [[Tatiana Shitova]]|| [[Scarlett Johansson]]<br />[[Natalie Portman]]<br />[[Emma Stone]]<br />[[Margot Robbie]]<br />[[Cameron Diaz]]<br />[[Kristen Wiig]] ||
|-
| Vladimir Eryomin || [[Al Pacino]]<br />[[Anthony Hopkins]]<br />[[Michael Douglas]] ||
|-
| [[Nikita Prozorovskiy]]|| [[Robert De Niro]]<br />[[Ben Kingsley]]<br />[[Gary Oldman]]<br />[[Toby Jones]]<br />[[Jeremy Irons]]<br />[[Stanley Tucci]]<br />[[Richard Jenkins]]<br />[[J.K. Simmons]] ||
|-
| [[Natalya Grachyova]]|| [[Jennifer Lawrence]]<br />[[Jessica Chastain]]<br />[[Julia Roberts]]<br />[[Nicole Kidman]]<br />[[Katie Holmes]]<br />[[Rachel Weisz]]<br />[[Keira Knightley]]<br />[[Halle Berry]] ||
|}

====Slovakia====
In [[Slovakia]], home media market, Czech dubbed versions are widely used, with only children's films and some few exceptions (for example [[Independence Day (1996 film)|Independence Day]]) that have been dubbed for cinema being released with Slovak dubbing. Czech dubbing was also extensively used in the broadcast of Slovak television channels, but since 2008 Slovak language laws require any newer shows (understood as the first television broadcast in Slovakia) to be provided with Slovak localization (dubbing or subtitles); since then, television broadcasts of films, TV series and cartoons have been dubbed into Slovak.

Theatrical releases are generally subtitled, except for films with a young target audience.

====Spain====
In [[Spain]], dubbing has been more widespread since 1932, when the [[Second Spanish Republic|Second Republic]] decided to introduce it in Madrid and Barcelona. The first film dubbed into Spanish to be known was ''[[Devil and the Deep]]'', in 1932.<ref>{{cite web|title=Cosas que no sabías sobre el doblaje|date=24 January 2017|url=http://www.muyinteresante.es/cultura/articulo/cosas-que-no-sabias-sobre-el-doblaje-481485340382|access-date=2017-02-25|publisher=MuyInteresante.es|language=es-ES|archive-date=5 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205074710/https://www.muyinteresante.es/cultura/articulo/cosas-que-no-sabias-sobre-el-doblaje-481485340382|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="elpaís" /> Dubbing, after the [[Spanish Civil War]], was reinforced by the regulations promulgated by the Government of [[Francisco Franco]] on April 23, 1941, at its time based on [[Benito Mussolini|Mussolini]]'s Language Defense Law of 1938.<ref name="elpaís">Gregorio Belinchón (21 March 2009): [https://elpais.com/diario/2009/03/21/sociedad/1237590001_850215.html «Al cine, mejor sin política»], ''El País''. Retrieved 11 June 2020.</ref> This law had two political purposes: Nationalism through linguistic identity and, more subtly, control through censorship of foreign ideas that could be alien to national interests.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Rodríguez Gutiérrez |first1=Beatriz |last2=Acevedo Civantos |first2=Manuel |title=Los orígenes del doblaje. El doblaje en España |url=https://www.atrildoblaje.com/2019/04/10/los-origenes-del-doblaje-el-doblaje-en-espana/ |date=2019-04-10 |archive-date=2020-06-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200628202132/https://www.atrildoblaje.com/2019/04/10/los-origenes-del-doblaje-el-doblaje-en-espana/ |url-status=dead |access-date=2024-03-30}}</ref>

In Spain, practically all foreign television programs are shown dubbed in [[Spanish language|European Spanish]], as are most films. Some dubbing actors have achieved popularity for their voices, such as [[Constantino Romero]] (who dubs [[Clint Eastwood]], [[Darth Vader]] and [[Arnold Schwarzenegger]]'s ''[[The Terminator|Terminator]]'', among others) and Óscar Muñoz (the official European Spanish dub-over voice artist for [[Elijah Wood]] and [[Hayden Christensen]]). Currently, with the spread of [[digital terrestrial television]], viewers can choose between the original and the dubbed soundtracks for most movies and television.

In some regions such as [[Catalonia]], [[Galicia (Spain)|Galicia]] and [[Basque Country (autonomous community)|Basque Country]], some foreign programs are also often dubbed into [[Catalan language|Catalan]], [[Galician language|Galician]], or [[Basque language|Basque]].

====Ukraine====
{{Main|Film dubbing in Ukrainian}}
In [[Ukraine]], since 2006 cinema releases are almost always dubbed into Ukrainian with the overdubbing technique and multiple voice actors dubbing different original voices with a small percent of art-house/documentaries shown in the original language with Ukrainian subtitles. For television, TV channels usually release movies and TV-shows with a Ukrainian voiceover, although certain high-profile films and TV shows are dubbed rather than voice-overed.

In the past Russian-language films, TV series, cartoons, animated series and TV programs were usually not dubbed but were shown with the original audio with Ukrainian subtitles. However, this practice has been slowly abandoned since the late 2010s: all children's films and cartoons regardless of the original language (including Russian) are always dubbed into Ukrainian; example of the first Russian cartoons dubbed into Ukrainian for the cinematic-release is ''[[The Snow Queen 2]]'' (2015), ''[[A Warrior's Tail]]'' (2015), ''Volki i Ovtsy: Be-e-e-zumnoe prevrashenie'' (2016), ''Ivan Tsarevich i Seryy Volk 3'' (2016), ''Bremenskie razboyniki'' (2016), ''[[The Snow Queen 3: Fire and Ice]]'' (2017), ''[[Fantastic Journey to OZ]]'' (2017), ''Fixies: Top Secret'' (2017) etc.; the same trend is seen among Russian language feature films for adults, with the first such films dubbed into Ukrainian including ''[[Battle for Sevastopol]]'' (2015), ''[[Hardcore Henry]]'' (2016), ''[[The Duelist (2016 film)|The Duelist]]'' (2016).