Editing Esperanto (section)

== Esperanto heritage ==
Several Esperanto associations also advance Esperanto education, and aim to preserve its culture and heritage.<ref>Update 79, oct. 2017, p. 2, Esperanto Association of Britain (EAB)</ref> Poland added Esperanto to its list of [[intangible cultural heritage]] in 2014.<ref>[http://niematerialne.nid.pl/Aktualnosci/archiwum/folder%20krajowa%20lista%20niematerialne%20EN.pdf Polish Intangible Cultural Heritage List] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180303105618/http://niematerialne.nid.pl/Aktualnosci/archiwum/folder%20krajowa%20lista%20niematerialne%20EN.pdf |date=March 3, 2018 }}, Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa (Polish national heritage institute), pp. 14-15, 2014.</ref>

=== Notable authors in Esperanto ===
{{Main|Esperanto authors}}

{{Div col|colwidth=13em}}
* [[Muztar Abbasi]] (translated the [[Quran]] into Esperanto)
* [[William Auld]]
* [[Julio Baghy]]
* [[Kazimierz Bein]] ({{lang|eo|Kabe}})
* [[Marjorie Boulton]]
* [[Jorge Camacho (writer)|Jorge Camacho]]
* [[Fernando de Diego]] (mainly translations)
* [[Vasili Eroshenko]]
* [[Jean Forge]]
* [[Antoni Grabowski]]
* [[Kálmán Kalocsay]]
* [[Anna Löwenstein]]
* [[Kenji Miyazawa]] (translated his pre-existing works into Esperanto)
* [[Nikolai Vladimirovich Nekrasov|Nikolai Nekrasov]]
* [[Nemere István|István Nemere]]
* [[Claude Piron]]
* [[Edmond Privat]]
* [[Frederic Pujulà i Vallès]]
* [[Baldur Ragnarsson]]
* [[Reto Rossetti]]
* [[Raymond Schwartz]]
* [[Tibor Sekelj]]
* [[Tivadar Soros]]
* [[Spomenka Štimec]]
* [[Éva Tófalvy]]
* [[Vladimir Varankin]]
* [[Gaston Waringhien]]
* [[L. L. Zamenhof]]
* [[Þórbergur Þórðarson]]
{{Div col end}}

=== Popular culture ===
{{Main|Esperanto in popular culture}}

In the futuristic novel ''[[Lord of the World]]'' by Robert Hugh Benson, Esperanto is presented as the predominant language of the world, much as Latin is the language of the Church.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bensen |first1=Robert Hugh |title=Lord of the World |date=1907 |publisher=Dodd, Mead & Company |location=New York, USA |page=125 |edition=1917 |url=https://archive.org/stream/lordoftheworld00bensrich#page/125/mode/2up |access-date=August 17, 2020}}</ref> A reference to Esperanto appears in the science-fiction story ''[[War with the Newts]]'' by [[Karel Čapek]], published in 1936. As part of a passage on what language the salamander-looking creatures with human cognitive ability should learn, it is noted that "...in the Reform schools, Esperanto was taught as the medium of communication." (p. 206).<ref>War with the Newts. Karel Čapek. 1936. The Penguin Group. Edition published in 2010 by Penguin Classics. Translated by M. & R. Weatherall.</ref>

Esperanto has been used in many films and novels. The [[Charlie Chaplin]] film ''[[The Great Dictator]]'' (1940) showed [[Warsaw ghetto|Jewish ghetto]] shop signs in Esperanto. Two full-length feature films have been produced with [[dialogue]] entirely in Esperanto: ''{{lang|eo|[[Angoroj]]}},'' in 1964, and ''[[Incubus (1965 film)|Incubus]],'' a 1965 [[B-movie]] horror film which is also notable for starring [[William Shatner]] shortly before he began working on ''[[Star Trek: The Original Series|Star Trek]]''. In [[Captain Fantastic (film)|''Captain Fantastic'']] (2016) there is a dialogue in Esperanto. The 1994 film [[Street Fighter (1994 film)|''Street Fighter'']] contains Esperanto dialogue spoken by the character Sagat. Finally, Mexican film director [[Alfonso Cuarón]] has publicly shown his fascination for Esperanto,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://esperantodocumentary.com/blog/an-interview-with-director-alfonso-cuaron.html|title=The Universal Language {{pipe}} An Interview with Director Alfonso Cuarón|website=esperantodocumentary.com|access-date=April 6, 2019|archive-date=February 21, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190221100221/http://esperantodocumentary.com/blog/an-interview-with-director-alfonso-cuaron.html|url-status=live}}</ref> going as far as naming his film production company [[Esperanto Filmoj]] ("Esperanto Films").

=== Science ===
[[File:Bertalan Farkas (Author - Rudolf Csiba).jpg|thumb|left|Hungarian Cosmonaut [[Bertalan Farkas]], the first Esperantist in space]]

In 1921 the [[French Academy of Sciences]] recommended using Esperanto for international scientific communication.<ref name="EspMov181" /> A few scientists and mathematicians, such as [[Maurice René Fréchet|Maurice Fréchet]] (mathematics), [[John C. Wells]] (linguistics), [[Helmar Frank]] (pedagogy and cybernetics), and [[Nobel Prize in Economics|Nobel laureate]] [[Reinhard Selten]] (economics) have published part of their work in Esperanto. Frank and Selten were among the founders of the [[Akademio Internacia de la Sciencoj San Marino|International Academy of Sciences]] in San Marino, sometimes called the "Esperanto University", where Esperanto is the primary language of teaching and administration.<ref name="rande de pereo">{{cite web |url=http://www.liberafolio.org/2011/akademio-internacia-de-la-sciencoj-rande-de-pereo |title=Akademio Internacia de la Sciencoj rande de pereo |date=September 5, 2011 |work=Libera Folio |language=eo |access-date=July 1, 2012 |archive-date=November 1, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121101071109/http://www.liberafolio.org/2011/akademio-internacia-de-la-sciencoj-rande-de-pereo |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="AIS-">{{cite book |title=AIS&nbsp;– La Akademio Internacia de la Sciencoj San Marino / Die Internationale Akademie der Wissenschaften San Marino|last=Frank |first=Helmar |author-link=Helmar Frank |author2=Fössmeier, Reinhard |year=2000 |publisher=Institut für Kybernetik |isbn=978-3-929853-12-4 |page=449 }}</ref>

=== Commerce and trade ===
Esperanto business groups have been active for many years. Research conducted in the 1920s by the French Chamber of Commerce and reported in ''[[The New York Times]]'' suggested that Esperanto seemed to be the best business language.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F70817F8395810738DDDAF0994DA405B818EF1D3|title=PARIS BUSINESS MEN WOULD USE ESPERANTO; Chamber of Commerce Committee Finds It Useful as a Code in International Trade.|work=The New York Times|date=February 16, 1921|access-date=October 22, 2013|archive-date=October 29, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029203028/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F70817F8395810738DDDAF0994DA405B818EF1D3|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Goals of the movement ===
Zamenhof had three goals, as he wrote in 1887: to create an easy language, to create a language ready to use "whether the language be universally accepted or not" and to find some means to get many people to learn the language.<ref name="UnuaLibro"/> So Zamenhof's intention was not only to create an easy-to-learn language to foster peace and international understanding as a general language, but also to create a language for immediate use by a (small) language community. Esperanto was to serve as an international auxiliary language, that is, as a universal second language, not to replace ethnic languages. This goal was shared by Zamenhof among Esperanto speakers at the beginning of the movement.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nationalgeographic.org/thisday/jul26/unua-libro-en-esperanto-first-book-esperanto/ |title=1887: Unua Libro en Esperanto (First Book in Esperanto, see introduction) |website=NationalGeographic.org |access-date=October 19, 2017 |archive-date=October 20, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171020135352/https://www.nationalgeographic.org/thisday/jul26/unua-libro-en-esperanto-first-book-esperanto/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Later, Esperanto speakers began to see the language and the culture that had grown up around it as ends in themselves, even if Esperanto is never adopted by the United Nations or other international organizations.<ref name="EspMov181" />

Esperanto speakers who want to see Esperanto adopted officially or on a large scale worldwide are commonly called {{lang|eo|[[Finvenkismo|finvenkistoj]]}}, from {{lang|eo|fina venko}}, meaning "final victory".<ref name="Feeney1999">{{cite web |url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/405278671 |title=Esperanto: A surprising 2&nbsp;million speakers worldwide get their words' worth; from the 'planned language' created in the 19th&nbsp;century |work=[[The Boston Globe]] |date=May 12, 1999 |page=F01 |first=Mark |last=Feeney |author-link=Mark Feeney |issn=0743-1791 |url-access=subscription |quote=Esperantists speak of the ''fina&nbsp;venko'', or 'final&nbsp;victory'. The concept is that eventually every moderately educated person&nbsp;... will know Esperanto enough to&nbsp;... order a cup of coffee&nbsp;... |access-date=July 6, 2017 |archive-date=June 23, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170623090654/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/boston/doc/405278671.html |id={{ProQuest|405278671}} |url-status=live }}</ref>
There are two kinds of ''finvenkismo'': ''desubismo'' aims to spread Esperanto between ordinary people (''desube'', from below) to form a steadily growing community of Esperanto speakers, while ''desuprismo'' aims to act from above (''desupre''), beginning with politicians.
Zamenhof considered the first way more plausible, as "for such affairs as ours, governments come with their approval and help usually only when everything is completely ready".<ref>[http://www.steloj.de/esperanto/paroloj/kongr6a.html Parolado antaŭ la Sesa Kongreso Esperantista en Washington en la 15a de aŭgusto 1910] (Speech before the Sixth Esperantist Congress in Washington, 15 August 1910): "La celo, por kiu ni laboras, povas esti atingita per du vojoj: aŭ per laborado de homoj privataj, t.e. de la popolaj amasoj, aŭ per dekreto de la registaroj. Plej kredeble nia afero estos atingita per la vojo unua, ĉar al tia afero, kiel nia, la registaroj venas kun sia sankcio kaj helpo ordinare nur tiam, kiam ĉio estas jam tute preta." {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226205843/http://www.steloj.de/esperanto/paroloj/kongr6a.html |date=February 26, 2021 }}</ref>

{{anchor|raŭmistoj}}Those who focus on the intrinsic value of the language are commonly called {{lang|eo|[[Raumism|raŭmistoj]]}}, from [[Rauma, Finland|Rauma]], Finland, where a declaration on the short-term improbability of the {{lang|eo|fina venko}} and the value of Esperanto culture was made at the International Youth Congress in 1980.<ref name="Silfer1999">{{cite web |url=http://esperanto-ondo.ru/H-silf55.htm |title=Kion signifas Raŭmismo |work=La Ondo de Esperanto |year=1999 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020530131146/http://esperanto.org/Ondo/H-silf55.htm |archive-date=2002-05-30 |url-status=live |first=Giorgio |last=Silfer |language=eo |location=Kaliningrad, Russia |issue=5&nbsp;(55)}}</ref> However the "Manifesto de Raŭmo" clearly mentions the intention to further spread the language: "We want to spread Esperanto to put into effect its positive values more and more, step by step".<ref>"Ni celas disvastigi Esperanton por pli kaj pli, iom post iom realigi ĝiajn pozitivajn valorojn". [http://www.esperantio.net/index.php?id=10 Manifesto de Raŭmo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160627094814/http://www.esperantio.net/index.php?id=10 |date=June 27, 2016 }}</ref>

In 1996 the [[Prague Manifesto (Esperanto)|Prague Manifesto]] was adopted at the annual congress of the Universal Esperanto Association (UEA); it was subscribed by individual participants and later by other Esperanto speakers. More recently, language-learning apps like [[Duolingo]] and [[Amikumu]] have helped to increase the amount of fluent speakers of Esperanto, and find others in their area to speak the language with.

=== Symbols and flags ===
{{Main|Esperanto symbols}}

{{multiple image
| align     = right
| header    = Esperanto symbols
| direction = vertical
| width     = 150
| image1    = Flag of Esperanto.svg
| caption1  = The flag of Esperanto
| image2    = Esperanto star.svg
| caption2  = The {{lang|eo|verda stelo}}
| image3    = Jubilea simbolo.svg
| caption3  = The {{lang|eo|[[Esperanto jubilee symbol|jubilea simbolo]]}}
}}

The earliest flag, and the one most commonly used today, features a green five-pointed star against a white [[canton (flag)|canton]], upon a field of green. It was proposed to Zamenhof by [[Richard H. Geoghegan|Richard Geoghegan]], author of the first Esperanto textbook for English speakers, in 1887. The flag was approved in 1905 by delegates to the first conference of Esperantists at Boulogne-sur-Mer.

The green star on white (''{{lang|eo|la verda stelo}}'') is also used by itself as a round (buttonhole, etc.) emblem by many esperantists, among other reasons to enhance their visibility outside the Esperanto world.

A version with an ''E'' superimposed over the green star is sometimes seen.
Other variants include that for Christian Esperantists, with a white [[Christian cross]] superimposed upon the green star, and that for Leftists, with [[Red flag (politics)|the color of the field changed from green to red]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://flagspot.net/flags/qy-eo.html|title=Flags of Esperanto|publisher=Flagspot.net|access-date=January 14, 2015|archive-date=February 20, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150220034212/https://flagspot.net/flags/qy-eo.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 1987, a second flag design was chosen in a contest organized by the UEA celebrating the first centennial of the language.
It featured a white background with two stylised curved "E"s facing each other.
Dubbed the {{lang|eo|jubilea simbolo}} ([[Esperanto jubilee symbol|jubilee symbol]]),<ref>{{cite web|title=Esperanto flag: The jubilee symbol|url=https://www.fotw.info/flags/qy-eo.html#jub|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070831011723/https://www.fotw.info/flags/qy-eo.html#jub|archive-date=2007-08-31|access-date=December 5, 2010|website=Flags of the World}}</ref> it attracted criticism from some Esperantists, who dubbed it the {{lang|eo|melono}} (melon) for its elliptical shape.
It is still in use, though to a lesser degree than the traditional symbol, known as the {{lang|eo|verda stelo}} (green star).<ref>{{cite web|title=Esperanto flag|url=https://www.fotw.info/flags/qy-eo.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070831011723/https://www.fotw.info/flags/qy-eo.html|archive-date=2007-08-31|access-date=December 5, 2010|website=Flags of the World}}</ref>

=== Politics ===
Esperanto has been placed in many proposed political situations. The most popular of these is the [[Europe–Democracy–Esperanto]], which aims to establish Esperanto as the [[official language]] of the [[European Union]]. In 2005, Swiss economist [[François Grin]] published a report at the request of the [[Haut conseil de l'éducation]] that found that the use of English as the [[lingua franca]] within the European Union costs billions annually and significantly benefits English-speaking countries financially. The report considered a scenario where Esperanto would be the lingua franca, and found that it would have many advantages, particularly economically speaking, as well as ideologically.<ref name="Grin Report">{{citation |last=Grin |first=François |author-link=François Grin|year=2005 |title=L'enseignement des langues étrangères comme politique publique |publisher=Haut Conseil de L'Évaluation de L'École |language=fr |url=https://www.ladocumentationfrancaise.fr/var/storage/rapports-publics/054000678.pdf |access-date=June 9, 2019 |archive-date=December 22, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181222173114/https://www.ladocumentationfrancaise.fr/var/storage/rapports-publics/054000678.pdf |url-status=live }}.</ref>

[[Left-wing politics|Left-wing]] currents exist in the wider Esperanto world, mostly organized through the [[Sennacieca Asocio Tutmonda]] founded by French theorist [[Eugène Lanti]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=[SAT - Sennacieca Asocio Tutmonda]|url=http://satesperanto.org/|access-date=2020-09-15|website=satesperanto.org|archive-date=August 20, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090820070649/http://www.satesperanto.org/-SAT-Kulturo-.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Other notable Esperanto socialists include [[Nikolai Vladimirovich Nekrasov|Nikolai Nekrasov]] and [[Vladimir Varankin]], both of whom were put to death in October 1938 during the [[Great Purge|Stalinist repressions]].<ref name="Hamodia">{{Cite web|title=Hopeful Anniversary {{!}} Hamodia Jewish and Israel News|url=https://hamodia.com/columns/hopeful-anniversary/|access-date=2020-09-15|website=Hamodia|language=en|archive-date=November 21, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201121143854/https://hamodia.com/columns/hopeful-anniversary/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Nekrasov was accused of being "an organizer and leader of a fascist, espionage, terrorist organization of Esperantists."<ref name="Hamodia"/>

=== Religion ===

==== Oomoto ====
The [[Oomoto]] religion in Japan encourages the use of Esperanto among its followers and includes Zamenhof as one of its deified spirits.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.oomoto.or.jp/Esperanto/index-es.html |title=The Oomoto Esperanto portal |publisher=Oomoto.or.jp |access-date=December 5, 2010 |archive-date=August 17, 2000 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000817221252/http://www.oomoto.or.jp/Esperanto/index-es.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

==== Baháʼí Faith ====
The [[Baháʼí Faith]] encourages the [[Baháʼí Faith and auxiliary language|use of an auxiliary international language]]. [[ʻAbdu'l-Bahá]] praised the ideal of Esperanto, and there was an affinity between Esperantists and Baháʼís during the late 19th century and early 20th century.<ref name="BahaiEnc368" /><ref name="B Ency"/>

On February 12, 1913, ʻAbdu'l-Bahá gave a talk to the Paris Esperanto Society, stating:

<blockquote>Now, praise be to God that Dr. Zamenhof has invented the Esperanto language. It has all the potential qualities of becoming the international means of communication. All of us must be grateful and thankful to him for this noble effort; for in this way he has served his fellowmen well. With untiring effort and self-sacrifice on the part of its devotees Esperanto will become universal. Therefore every one of us must study this language and spread it as far as possible so that day by day it may receive a broader recognition, be accepted by all nations and governments of the world, and become a part of the curriculum in all the public schools. I hope that Esperanto will be adopted as the language of all the future international conferences and congresses, so that all people need acquire only two languages—one their own tongue and the other the international language. Then perfect union will be established between all the people of the world. Consider how difficult it is today to communicate with various nations. If one studies fifty languages one may yet travel through a country and not know the language. Therefore I hope that you will make the utmost effort, so that this language of Esperanto may be widely spread.<ref>{{cite book |last= Esslemont |first= J.E. |author-link= John Esslemont |year= 1980 |orig-year= 1923 |title= Bahá'u'lláh and the New Era |edition= 5th |publisher= Baháʼí Publishing Trust |location= Wilmette, Illinois, USA |isbn= 0-87743-160-4 |page= 165 |chapter= Universal Language |chapter-url= http://reference.bahai.org/en/t/o/BNE/bne-135.html |url= http://reference.bahai.org/en/t/je/BNE/ |access-date= June 6, 2017 |archive-date= May 22, 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210522110030/https://reference.bahai.org/en/t/je/BNE/ |url-status= live }}</ref></blockquote>

[[Lidia Zamenhof]], daughter of L. L. Zamenhof, became a Baháʼí around 1925.<ref name="B Ency">{{cite encyclopedia |last= Smith |first= Peter |author-link= Peter Smith (historian) |encyclopedia= A concise encyclopedia of the Baháʼí Faith |title= Esperanto |year= 2000 |publisher= Oneworld Publications |location= Oxford |isbn= 1-85168-184-1 |pages= [https://archive.org/details/conciseencyclope0000smit/page/134 134–135] |url= https://archive.org/details/conciseencyclope0000smit/page/134 }}</ref> [[James Ferdinand Morton Jr.]], an early member of the [[Baháʼí Faith in Greater Boston]], was vice-president of the [[Esperanto League for North America]].<ref>{{cite web | last = Katz | first = Esther | author-link = Esther | title = Morton, Jr., James Ferdinand (1870–1941) | work = The Margaret Sanger Papers Electronic Edition: Margaret Sanger and The Woman Rebel, 1914–1916 | publisher = Model Editions Partnership | year = 1999 | url = http://wyatt.elasticbeanstalk.com/mep/MS/xml/bmortonj.html | access-date = June 6, 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171011115850/http://wyatt.elasticbeanstalk.com/mep/MS/xml/bmortonj.html | archive-date = October 11, 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref> [[Ehsan Yarshater]], the founding editor of ''[[Encyclopædia Iranica]]'', notes how as a child in Iran he learned Esperanto and that when his mother was visiting Haifa on a [[Baháʼí pilgrimage]] he wrote her a letter in Persian as well as Esperanto.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.payvand.com/news/12/aug/1166.html |title= Interview with Professor Ehsan Yarshater, the Founder and Editor of Encyclopedia Iranica |date= March 25, 2016 |website= Payvand News |access-date= May 22, 2017 |archive-date= September 21, 2012 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120921061937/http://www.payvand.com/news/12/aug/1166.html |url-status= live }}</ref> At the request of ʻAbdu'l-Bahá, [[Agnes Baldwin Alexander]] became an early advocate of Esperanto and used it to spread the Baháʼí teachings at meetings and conferences in Japan.

Today there exists an active sub-community of Baháʼí Esperantists and various volumes of [[Baháʼí literature]] have been translated into Esperanto. In 1973, the [[Baháʼí Esperanto-League]] for active Baháʼí supporters of Esperanto was founded.<ref name="B Ency"/>

==== Spiritism ====
In 1908, [[Kardecist spiritism|spiritist]] Camilo Chaigneau wrote an article named "Spiritism and Esperanto" in the periodic ''La Vie d'Outre-Tombe'' recommending the use of Esperanto in a "central magazine" for all spiritists and Esperantists. Esperanto then became actively promoted by spiritists, at least in [[Brazil]], initially by [[Ismael Gomes Braga]] and [[František Lorenz]]; the latter is known in Brazil as Francisco Valdomiro Lorenz, and was a pioneer of both spiritist and Esperantist movements in this country.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.espirito.org.br/portal/artigos/geae/o-esp-e-o-esperanto.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091216040313/http://www.espirito.org.br/portal/artigos/geae/o-esp-e-o-esperanto.html|url-status=dead|title=O Espiritismo e o Esperanto (Spiritism and Esperanto)|archive-date=December 16, 2009}}</ref> The Brazilian Spiritist Federation publishes Esperanto coursebooks, translations of [[Spiritist Codification|Spiritism's basic books]], and encourages Spiritists to become Esperantists.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.math.uu.se/esperanto/207pardue.pdf#search=%22esperanto%20%2Breligion%22|title=Uma só língua, uma só bandeira, um só pastor: Spiritism and Esperanto in Brazil by David Pardue|format=PDF|publisher=[[University of Kansas]] Libraries|access-date=August 26, 2006|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060923050241/http://www.math.uu.se/esperanto/207pardue.pdf#search=%22esperanto%20%2Breligion%22|archive-date=September 23, 2006}}</ref>

[[W. T. Stead|William T. Stead]], a famous spiritualist and occultist in the United Kingdom, co-founded the first Esperanto club in the U.K.<ref name=Garvia>{{cite book |last1=Garvía Soto |first1=Roberto |title=Esperanto and its rivals: the struggle for an international language |date=2015 |publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press |location=Philadelphia |isbn=978-0812291278 }}</ref>{{rp|113}}

==== Theosophy ====
{{Broader|Theosophy}}
The {{lang|eo|Teozofia Esperanta Ligo|italics=yes}} (Theosophical Esperantist League) was formed in 1911, and the organization's journal, ''Espero Teozofia'', was published from 1913 to 1928.<ref name=Garvia/>{{rp|113}}

==== Bible translations ====
{{Main article|Bible translations into Esperanto}}
The first translation of the [[Bible]] into Esperanto was a translation of the [[Tanakh]] (or Old Testament) done by [[L. L. Zamenhof]]. The translation was reviewed and compared with other languages' translations by a group of British clergy and scholars before its publication at the [[British and Foreign Bible Society]] in 1910. In 1926 this was published along with a New Testament translation, in an edition commonly called the "{{lang|eo|Londona Biblio}}". In the 1960s, the {{lang|eo|Internacia Asocio de Bibliistoj kaj Orientalistoj}} tried to organize a new, ecumenical Esperanto Bible version.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://home.att.net/~el_sxadaj/kbiblio.htm |title=La Sankta Biblio&nbsp;– "Londona text" |access-date=August 26, 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061222215537/http://home.att.net/~el_sxadaj/kbiblio.htm |archive-date=December 22, 2006 }}</ref> Since then, the Dutch [[Remonstrant]] pastor Gerrit Berveling has translated the [[Deuterocanonical]] or apocryphal books, in addition to new translations of the Gospels, some of the New Testament epistles, and some books of the Tanakh. These have been published in various separate booklets, or serialized in {{lang|eo|Dia Regno}}, but the Deuterocanonical books have appeared in recent editions of the ''Londona Biblio''.

==== Christianity ====
[[File:Esperanto-meso La Habana 2010 (Peter Knauer).jpg|thumb|Mass in Esperanto during the 95th World Congress of Esperanto in Havana, 2010]]

Christian Esperanto organizations and publications include:

* After a failed attempt to start a Catholic Esperanto organization, Emile Peltier, a parish priest near [[Tours]], France, published the first issue of ''Espero Katolika'' (Catholic Hope) in 1902. A year after Peltier's death, the [[International Union of Catholic Esperantists]] (Internacia Katolika Unuiĝo Esperantista, IKUE) was formed in 1910.<ref name="Garvia" /> Father [[Max Josef Metzger|Max Metzger]] founded the World Peace League of the White Cross in 1916 and the [[German Catholics' Peace Association]] in 1919, both of which used Esperanto as their working language.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lins |first=Ulrich |date=1971 |title=Max Joseph Metzger |journal=Kontakto |volume=2 |pages=16–17}}</ref> Two Roman Catholic popes, [[Pope John Paul II|John Paul II]] and [[Pope Benedict XVI|Benedict XVI]], regularly used Esperanto in their multilingual {{lang|la|[[Urbi et Orbi]]}} blessings at Easter and Christmas each year since Easter 1994.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.eraonlus.org/en/78-era-news/6356/christmas-2010-benedict-xvi-and-radicals-the-use-of-esperanto-remains-to-be-the-only-thing-in-common.html|title=Linguistic Democracy – Christmas 2010, Benedict XVI and Radicals: the use of Esperanto remains to be the only thing in common|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170215214713/https://www.eraonlus.org/en/78-era-news/6356/christmas-2010-benedict-xvi-and-radicals-the-use-of-esperanto-remains-to-be-the-only-thing-in-common.html|archive-date=February 15, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sahiIBTUcC4| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/sahiIBTUcC4| archive-date=2021-12-11 | url-status=live|title=THE POPE BLESSING IN ESPERANTO.avi|website=[[YouTube]]| date=April 9, 2012}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
* In 1911, The [[International League of Christian Esperantists]] ({{lang|eo|Kristana Esperantista Ligo Internacia|italics=yes}}, KELI) was founded during the Universal Congress of Esperanto in [[Antwerp]]. The founder, Paul Hübner (1881-1970), was an early supporter of the [[Nazism|Nazi]] movement, a fact which disenfranchised liberal and Jewish members, thus severely limiting the growth of the KELI during the first half of the 20th century.<ref name="Garvia" /> KELI's bimonthly interdenominational magazine, ''Dia Regno'', continues to be published and is reportedly made available to readers in 48 countries.<ref name="keli"/> They have also published several Esperanto hymnals including the 1971 ''Adoru Kantante'' (Worship by Singing) and ''Tero kaj Ĉielo Kantu'' (Earth and Heaven Sing).<ref name="keli">{{Cite web |title=League of Christian Esperantists International |url=http://keli.chez.com/keli_en.htm |access-date=May 20, 2022 |website=KELI kaj Dia Regno}}</ref>
* The [[Quaker]] Esperanto Society ({{lang|eo|Kvakera Esperanto-Societo|italics=yes}}, KES) was established in 1921<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.noos.ch/kes/index.php?pg=2&lg=en|title=KES – Quakers|website=noos.ch|access-date=November 1, 2016|archive-date=November 3, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161103215830/http://www.noos.ch/kes/index.php?pg=2&lg=en|url-status=live}}</ref> and described in multiple issues of "[[The Friend (Quaker magazine)|The Friend]]"<ref>{{cite journal
|journal=The Friend
|title=Esperanto Lives On
|author=Eric Walker
|date=May 27, 2005
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Phillips |first=Brian W. G. |date=June 15, 1968 |title=Beyond Babel to a World Language |url=https://www.friendsjournal.org/wp-content/uploads/emember/downloads/1968/HC12-50432.pdf |journal=The Friend |pages=302}}</ref> [[Advices and Queries]] (''Konsiloj kaj Demandoj)'' and several other Quaker texts have been translated.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A few texts in Esperanto about Quakerism |url=http://www.noos.ch/kes/index.php?pg=6&lg=en |website=Kvakera Esperanto-Societo}}</ref> Well-known Esperantists who were also Quakers include authors and historians, [[Edmond Privat]] and [[Montagu C. Butler|Montagu Christie Butler]].

* The first [[Christadelphian]] publications in Esperanto were published in 1910.<ref>Botten J. The Captive Conscience 2002 p.110 re. Esperanto speaking Christadelphians in Tsarist Russia.</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.biblio-misio.org |title=Internacia Biblio-Misio |publisher=Biblio-misio.org |access-date=December 5, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110625154003/http://www.biblio-misio.org/ |archive-date=2011-06-25 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* The [[Book of Mormon]] has been partially translated into Esperanto, although the translation has not been officially endorsed by [[the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]].<ref>{{cite web |title=ELEKTITAJ ĈAPITROJ EL LA LIBRO DE MORMON |url=http://pemanoj.blogspot.com/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171006212431/http://pemanoj.blogspot.com/ |archive-date=October 6, 2017 |access-date=October 6, 2017}}</ref> There exists a group of Latter-day Saint Esperantists who distribute church literature in the language.<ref>{{cite web |title=Por-Esperanta Mormonaro |url=http://poresperantamormonaro.weebly.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180921230312/http://poresperantamormonaro.weebly.com/ |archive-date=September 21, 2018 |access-date=September 21, 2018 |website=Por-Esperanta Mormonaro}}</ref>

==== Islam ====
[[Ayatollah Khomeini]] of Iran called on Muslims to learn Esperanto and praised its use as a medium for better understanding among peoples of different religious backgrounds. After he suggested that Esperanto replace English as an international ''[[lingua franca]]'', it began to be used in the seminaries of [[Qom]]. An Esperanto translation of the [[Qur'an]] was published by the state shortly thereafter.{{When|date=May 2025}}<ref name="webcom">{{cite web |url=http://www.webcom.com/~donh/efaq.html |title=Esperanto&nbsp;– Have any governments opposed Esperanto? |publisher=Donald J. Harlow |access-date=August 26, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090202101831/http://192.220.96.203/efaq.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=February 2, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://porneniu.wordpress.com/learn-esperanto/ |title=Esperanto in Iran (in Persian) |publisher=Porneniu |access-date=August 26, 2006 |archive-date=November 19, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061119125455/http://porneniu.wordpress.com/learn-esperanto/ |url-status=live }}</ref>