Editing Infant formula (section)

==== Heat treatment or sterilization ====
Finally, infant formulas are heat treated to maintain the bacteriologic quality of the product. This can be done traditionally by either retort sterilization or high-temperature short-time (HTST) treatment. Recently, ultrahigh-temperature treated formula has become more commonly used. If powdered formula is made, then [[spray drying]] would be required in addition.<ref name="multiple">{{cite journal | vauthors = Lönnerdal B, Hernell O | title = Effects of feeding ultrahigh-temperature (UHT)-treated infant formula with different protein concentrations or powdered formula, as compared with breast-feeding, on plasma amino acids, hematology, and trace element status | journal = The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition | volume = 68 | issue = 2 | pages = 350–356 | date = August 1998 | pmid = 9701193 | doi = 10.1093/ajcn/68.2.350 | doi-access = free }}</ref> Retort sterilization is a traditional retort sterilization method that uses 10-15mins treatment at 118&nbsp;°C.<ref name="multiple"/> Ultrahigh-temperature (UHT) is a method that uses a brief (2–3 seconds) treatment at 142&nbsp;°C. Because of the short time used, there is little protein denaturation, but the process still ensures sterility of the final product.<ref name="multiple"/>