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Isan language
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===Pronouns=== Isan traditionally uses the Lao-style pronouns, although in formal contexts, the Thai pronouns are sometimes substituted as speakers adjust to the socially mandated use of Standard Thai in very formal events. Although all the Tai languages are [[pro-drop language]]s that omit pronouns if their use is unnecessary due to context, especially in informal contexts, but they are restored in more careful speech. Compared to Thai, Isan and Lao frequently use the first- and second-person pronouns and rarely drop them in speech which can sometimes seem more formal and distant.{{to whom|date=September 2024}} More common is to substitute pronouns with titles of professions or extension of kinship terms based on age, thus it is very common for lovers or close friends to call each other 'brother' and 'sister' and to address the very elderly as 'grandfather' or 'grandmother'. To turn a pronoun into a plural, it is most commonly prefixed with ''mu'' ({{langx|tts|หมู่}} {{IPA|/mūː/}}, cf. {{langx|lo|ຫມູ່/ໝູ່}} BGN/PCGN ''mou'') but the variants ''tu'' ({{langx|tts|ตู}} {{IPA|/tùː/}}, cf. {{langx|lo|ຕູ}} BGN/PCGN ''tou'') and ''phuak'' ({{langx|tts|พวก}} {{IPA|/pʰûak/}}, cf. {{langx|lo|ພວກ}} BGN/PCGN ''phouak'') are also used by some speakers. These can also be used for the word ''hao'', 'we', in the sense of 'all of us' for extra emphasis. The vulgar pronouns are used as a mark of close relationship, such as long-standing childhood friends or siblings and can be used publicly, but they can never be used outside of these relationships as they often change statements into very pejorative, crude or inflammatory remarks. {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" | ! Singular ! Plural |- ! rowspan="5" | 1st<br>person ! {{small|formal}} | {{wikt-lang|tts|ข้าน้อย}}<br />{{transliteration|tts|kha noi}}<br />{{IPA|/kʰàː nɔ̑ːj/}} | {{lang|tts|หมู่ข้าน้อย}}<br />{{transliteration|tts|mu kha noi}}<br />{{IPA|/mūː kʰàː nɔ̑ːj/}} |- ! rowspan="2" | {{small|common}} | rowspan="2" | {{wikt-lang|tts|ข้อย}}<br />{{transliteration|tts|khoi}}<br />{{IPA|/kʰɔ̀j/}} | {{wikt-lang|tts|เฮา}}<br />{{transliteration|tts|hao}}<br />{{IPA|/hâw/}} |- | {{lang|tts|หมู่เฮา}}<br />{{transliteration|tts|mu hao}}<br />{{IPA|/mūː hâw/}} |- ! {{small|informal}} | {{lang|tts|ข้า}}<br />{{transliteration|tts|kha}}<br />{{IPA|/kʰàː/}} | |- ! {{small|vulgar}} | {{lang|tts|กู}}<br />{{transliteration|tts|ku}}<br />{{IPA|/kùː/}} | |- ! rowspan="4" | 2nd<br>person ! {{small|formal}} | {{wikt-lang|tts|ท่าน}}<br />{{transliteration|tts|than}}<br />{{IPA|/tʰāːn/}} | {{lang|tts|หมู่ท่าน}}<br />{{transliteration|tts|mu than}}<br />{{IPA|/mūː tʰāːn/}} |- ! {{small|common}} | {{wikt-lang|tts|เจ้า}}<br />{{transliteration|tts|chao}}<br />{{IPA|/tɕȃw/}} | {{lang|tts|หมู่เจ้า}}<br />{{transliteration|tts|mu chao}}<br />{{IPA|/mūː tɕȃw/}} |- ! {{small|informal}} | {{lang|tts|เอ็ง}}<br />{{transliteration|tts|eng}}<br />{{IPA|/ʔèŋ/}} | |- ! {{small|vulgar}} | {{lang|tts|มึง}}<br />{{transliteration|tts|mueng}}<br />{{IPA|/mɯ̂ŋ/}} | |- ! rowspan="4" | 3rd<br>person ! {{small|formal}} | {{wikt-lang|tts|เพิ่น}}<br />{{transliteration|tts|phoen}}<br />{{IPA|/pʰɤ̄n/}} | {{wikt-lang|tts|ขะเจ้า}}<br />{{transliteration|tts|khachao}}<br />{{IPA|/kʰȁʔ.tɕȃw/}} |- ! rowspan="2" | {{small|common}} | {{wikt-lang|tts|เขา}}<br />{{transliteration|tts|khao}}<br />{{IPA|/kʰǎw/}} | {{lang|tts|หมู่เขา}}<br />{{transliteration|tts|mu khao}}<br />{{IPA|/mūː kʰǎw/}} |- | {{wikt-lang|tts|ลาว}}<br />{{transliteration|tts|lao}}<br />{{IPA|/lâːw/}} | {{lang|tts|หมู่ลาว}}<br />{{transliteration|tts|mu lao}}<br />{{IPA|/mūː lâːw/}} |- ! {{small|informal}} | {{lang|tts|มัน}}<br />{{transliteration|tts|man}}<br />{{IPA|/mân/}} | |}
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