Editing Man in the Iron Mask (section)

==Explanatory footnotes==
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{{efn|name=nomask
|Noone pointed out that Louvois was concerned Dauger should not communicate, rather than that his face should be concealed {{harv|Noone|1988|p=272}}. Later, Saint-Mars elaborated upon instructions that the prisoner should not be seen during transportation. The idea of keeping Dauger in a velvet mask was Saint-Mars's own, to increase his self-importance {{harv|Noone|1988|p=272}}.
}}
{{efn|name=valet
|Historians have also argued that 17th-century protocol made it unthinkable that a gentleman, let alone an aristocrat, would serve as a manservant, casting some doubt on speculation that Dauger was in some way related to the king {{harv|Lincoln ''Timewatch'', 1988}}.
}}
{{efn|name=voltaire
|Voltaire was imprisoned twice in the Bastille: first, from 16 May 1717 till 14 April 1718 {{harv|Mongrédien|1961|p=40}}, for writing satirical verse accusing the [[Philippe II, Duke of Orléans|Régent]] of incest with his daughter {{harv|Fitzpatrick|2000|p=64}}; and second, from 17–26 April 1726 {{harv|Mongrédien|1961|p=40}}, prior to his exile to England on 2 May for two and a half years {{harv|Pearson|2005|pp=67,85}}, for an argument with [[Guy Auguste de Rohan-Chabot]] whom Voltaire had challenged to a duel {{harv|Pearson|2005|pp=66–67}}.
}}
{{efn|name=annemisc
|Anne of Austria delivered a stillborn child in December 1619 {{harv|Dulong|1980|p=30}}{{harv|Kleinman|1993|p=88}} and suffered four further miscarriages: in the Spring of 1621 {{harv|Dulong|1980|p=30}}, in March 1622 {{harv|Kleinman|1993|pp=105–107}}, in November 1626 {{harv|Dulong|1980|p=70}}, and in April 1631 {{harv|Mongrédien|1961|p=49}}{{harv|Kleinman|1993|p=159}}.
}}
{{efn|name=dec1637
|According to a contemporary account {{harv|Kleinman|1993|p=193}}, on the night of 5 December 1637, the King was caught in a storm in the centre of Paris and was unable to reach his own bed, which had been arranged for him at the [[Princes of Condé|Condé]] estate in [[Saint-Maur-des-Fossés#Château|Saint-Maur]], south-east of [[Vincennes]]. Cut off from his household staff, he was persuaded by the Captain of the Queen's Guard to spend the night at the Louvre; as a result, the King and Queen ate together and, since there was no royal bed available except the Queen's, slept together as well, resulting in Louis XIV's birth exactly nine months later {{harv|Noone|1988|p=42}}{{harv|Kleinman|1993|pp=193–194}}.  
}}
{{efn|name=nov1637
|The reliable ''[[La Gazette (France)|La Gazette]]'' recorded that the royal couple lodged in [[Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye|St Germain]] from 9 November till 1 December 1637, before heading to Paris. On 2 December, the King travelled from Paris to [[Crosne, Essonne|Crosne]]–instead of Saint-Maur–whence he went to [[History of the Palace of Versailles#Louis XIII|Versailles]] on 5 December while the Queen remained in Paris. Kleinman contends that the King might well have stopped over in Paris on his way to Versailles, but even if he had spent the night of 5 December with the Queen, it doesn't imply this was the first time they shared a bed since August. The Queen's doctor, [[Charles Bouvard]], calculated that her pregnancy had begun at the end of November {{harv|Kleinman|1993|p=194}}.
}}
{{efn|name=danger
|In 1970, Petitfils asserted that, in the first letter about the prisoner, Louvois wrote his name as "Eustache Danger", and that later transcriptions of the name misinterpreted the letter "n" as a "u" {{harv|Petitfils|2004|pp=47, 151}}. In 1987, Caire suggested that "Eustache" was the prisoner's surname, and that "Danger", as well as later spellings of "Dangers" or "d'Angers" in the correspondence related to this prisoner, referred to [[Angers]] as his place of birth or the town with which he was mostly associated {{harv|Wilkinson|2021|pp=238–239}}{{harv|Caire|1989|pp=1–6}}.
}}
{{efn|name=cavatars
|After Duvivier's publication, two further theories emerged about Eustache Dauger de Cavoye's parentage, both proposing he was a half-brother of Louis XIV. In 1954, Rupert Furneaux had him as a son of Louis XIII and Marie de Sérignan {{harv|Furneaux|1954|pp=157–171}}. Twenty years later, Marie-Madeleine Mast suggested he was a son of Anne of Austria and François d'Oger de Cavoye {{harv|Mast|1974}}, an idea echoed by [[Harry Thompson]] {{harv|Thompson|1987|pp=173–180}}. 
}}
{{efn|name=roissy
|The other participants at the party in Roissy-en-Brie were:
[[Armand de Gramont, Comte de Guiche|Armand de Gramont, count of Guiche]];
[[Philippe Jules Mancini|Philippe Jules Mancini, duke of Nevers]] ([[Cardinal Mazarin]]'s nephew and heir);
[[Roger de Bussy-Rabutin]];
Bertrand de Manicamp; 
and a young priest (and future cardinal) called [[Étienne Le Camus]] {{harv|Mongrédien|1961|p=212}}{{harv|Noone|1988|p=213}}.
}}
{{efn|name=cavoye
|Mongrédien published two letters in an article for the 15 April 1953 issue of the French historical journal ''XVII<sup>e</sup> siècle'' 
 {{harv|Mongrédien|1961|p=220}}. In that article, he wrote that he owed his ability to publish them "to the extreme consideration of M<sup>me</sup> la baronne de Sarret de Coussergues, and her two daughters, M<sup>lle</sup> de Sarret and M<sup>me</sup> la comtesse Emmanuel de Bertier de Sauvigny, who were kind enough to extract two previously unpublished documents from their family archives, to send me photocopies, and to authorise me to publish [them]."
In the first of these two letters, addressed to his sister, the Marquise de Fabrègues, and dated 20 June 1678, Dauger de Cavoye mentions that he has been held in captivity "for more than ten years". In the second letter, addressed to the king but undated, he mentions that he has been "detained in the prisons of St Lazare by a ''lettre de cachet'' [issued] by Your Majesty for the last eleven-and-a-half years" {{harv|Mongrédien|1953|pp=55–58}}.
}}
{{efn|name=sarret
|In a footnote, Mongrédien explained that the Marquise de Fabrègues was Eustache's eldest sister, Louise-Henriette, who had married François-Antoine de Sarret, marquis de Fabrègues et de Coussergues, ''maréchal de camp''. Widowed in December 1674, she survived until 1696 {{harv|Mongrédien|1953|p=56}}.
}}
{{efn|name=stlazare
|Noone mentions that this letter from Louis XIV "was brought to the author's attention by Stanislas Brugnon (...) [and] can be consulted in the register of the King's Orders in the National Archives in Paris" {{harv|Noone|1988|p=233}}, reference: "AN O1 22, folio 156" {{harv|Petitfils|2004|p=246}}.
}}
{{efn|name=bastille
|These seven prisoners included four forgers: Béchade, Laroche, La Corrège and Pujade; they had falsified bills of exchange to defraud two Parisian bankers. During their trial at the [[Grand Châtelet]], they were being held at the Bastille, where they were consulting daily with their lawyers. The fifth prisoner was the young Comte de Solages, who had committed a heinous crime and was held at the Bastille in consideration for his family, who were paying his board. The remaining two were mad men: Tavernier and de Whyte, who should have been in an asylum and were soon transferred to the Asile de Charenton {{harv|Funck-Brentano|1932|p=114}}.
}}
{{efn|name=convent
|"Bibliothèque de la Bastille. 1017. — Catalogue des livres en feuilles, reliés et brochés, qui sont déposés à Saint-Louis-de-la-Culture, provenant de la Bastille, mis en ordre par le sieur Poinçot, libraire, certifié véritable par Poinçot et par Agier, ci-devant commissaire aux papiers de la Bastille. 14 juin—15 septembre 1790. Bibl. de l'Arsenal, Mss., no. 6495, fol. 1. Cf. ALFRED FRANKLIN, les Anciennes Bibliothèques de Paris, t. III, p. 201, 292." <u>Translation</u>: "Bibliothèque de la Bastille. Item #1017. — Catalogue of books in loose pages, bound in leather or in paper, which were deposited at Saint-Louis-de-la-Culture, originally from the Bastille, set in order by Mr. Poinçot, librarian, certified genuine by Poinçot and by Agier, aforementioned commissioner of the Bastille papers. 14 June—15 September 1790." {{harv|Tuetey|1894|p=91}}. 
}}
{{efn|name=fewhist
|The other historians who have not proposed a candidate are: [[Augustin Cabanès]] {{harv|Cabanès|1938|p=13}}, [[:fr:Jules Loiseleur|Jules Loiseleur]] and [[:fr:Fernand Bournon|Fernand Bournon]] {{harv|Mongrédien|1961|p=8}}, as well as [[John Noone]] {{harv|Noone|1988|pp=252–277}}.
}}
{{efn|name=dumas
|Ten years before publishing the novel, Dumas had reviewed the popular theories about the prisoner extant in his time in the chapter "{{lang|fr|L'homme au masque de fer}}", published in the eighth volume of his non-fiction {{lang|fr|Crimes Célèbres}} (1840) {{harv|Dumas|1840}}.
}}
}}