Editing Modern architecture (section)

==Postwar modernism in Europe (1945–1975)==

<gallery mode="packed" heights="200px">
File:Sainte Marie de La Tourette 2007.jpg|[[Sainte Marie de La Tourette]] in Eveux-sur-l'Arbresle, France by [[Le Corbusier]] and [[Iannis Xenakis]] (1956–60)
File:National Theatre, London.jpg|[[Royal National Theatre]], London, by [[Denys Lasdun]] (1967–1976)
File:Helsinki University of Technology auditorium.jpg|Auditorium of the University of Technology, Helsinki, by [[Alvar Aalto]] (1964)
File:Academisch ziekenhuis C.H.U..jpg|University Hospital Center in [[Liège]], Belgium by Charles Vandenhove (1962–82)
File:Looking up at Torre Pirelli from Piazza Duca d'Aosta, Milan.jpg|The [[Pirelli Tower]] in Milan, by [[Gio Ponti]] and [[Pier Luigi Nervi]] (1958–60)
File:02 Fondation Maeght.JPG|The [[Fondation Maeght]] by [[Josep Lluis Sert]] (1959–1964)
File:Katholische Kirche Idstein 022.JPG|Church of [[St. Martin, Idstein]] Germany by [[Johannes Krahn]] (1965)
File:Warszawa 1975 WDC 42783.jpg|[[Warszawa Centralna railway station]] in Poland by Arseniusz Romanowicz (1975)
File:Orphanage-1a.Aldo van Eyck.jpg|Municipal Orphanage in [[Amsterdam]] by [[Aldo van Eyck]] (1960), "Aesthetics of Number", architectural movement [[Structuralism (architecture)|Structuralism]].
</gallery>
In France, [[Le Corbusier]] remained the most prominent architect, though he built few buildings there. His most prominent late work was the convent of [[Sainte Marie de La Tourette]] in Eveux-sur-l'Arbresle. The Convent, built of raw concrete, was austere and without ornament, inspired by the medieval monasteries he had visited on his first trip to Italy.{{Sfn|Journel|2015|pages=164–165}}

In Britain, the major figures in modernism included [[Wells Coates]] (1895–1958), [[FRS Yorke]] (1906–1962), [[James Stirling (architect)|James Stirling]] (1926–1992) and [[Denys Lasdun]] (1914–2001). Lasdun's best-known work is the [[Royal National Theatre]] (1967–1976) on the south bank of the Thames. Its raw concrete and blockish form offended British traditionalists; [[Charles III|Charles III, King of the U.K]] compared it with a nuclear power station.

In [[Maison Mattot|Belgium]], a major figure was Charles Vandenhove (born 1927) who constructed an important series of buildings for the University Hospital Center in [[Liège]]. His later work ventured into colorful rethinking of historical styles, such as Palladian architecture.{{Sfn|Bony|2012|page=162}}

In Finland, the most influential architect was [[Alvar Aalto]], who adapted his version of modernism to the Nordic landscape, light, and materials, particularly the use of wood. After World War II, he taught architecture in the United States. In Denmark, [[Arne Jacobsen]] was the best-known of the modernists, who designed furniture as well as carefully proportioned buildings.

In Italy, the most prominent modernist was [[Gio Ponti]], who worked often with the structural engineer [[Pier Luigi Nervi]], a specialist in reinforced concrete. Nervi created concrete beams of exceptional length, twenty-five meters, which allowed greater flexibility in forms and greater heights. Their best-known design was the [[Pirelli Building]] in Milan (1958–1960), which for decades was the tallest building in Italy.{{Sfn|Bony|2012|pages=164–165}}

The most famous Spanish modernist was the Catalan architect [[Josep Lluis Sert]], who worked with great success in Spain, France, and the United States. In his early career, he worked for a time under Le Corbusier, and designed the Spanish pavilion for the 1937 Paris Exposition. His notable later work included the [[Fondation Maeght]] in Saint-Paul-de-Provence, France (1964), and the [[Harvard Science Center]] in Cambridge, Massachusetts. He served as Dean of Architecture at the [[Harvard School of Design]].

Notable German modernists included [[Johannes Krahn]], who played an important part in rebuilding German cities after World War II, and built several important museums and churches, notably [[St. Martin, Idstein]], which artfully combined stone masonry, concrete, and glass. Leading Austrian architects of the style included [[Gustav Peichl]], whose later works included the [[Kunst- und Ausstellungshalle der Bundesrepublik Deutschland|Art and Exhibition Center of the German Federal Republic]] in Bonn, Germany (1989).