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Social exchange theory
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===Citizenship behavior=== Social exchange theory is a theoretical explanation for [[organizational citizenship behavior]]. This study examines a model of clear leadership and relational building between head and teachers as antecedents, and organizational citizenship behavior as a consequence of teacher–school exchange.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1080/13603124.2010.524250|title=Social exchange theory as an explanation of organizational citizenship behaviour among teachers|journal=International Journal of Leadership in Education|volume=14|issue=4|pages=405–421|year=2011|last1=Elstad|first1=Eyvind|last2=Christophersen|first2=Knut Andreas|last3=Turmo|first3=Are|s2cid=144786025}}</ref> Citizenship behavior can also be shown with employees and their employers. This is shown through organizational identification which plays an important role in organizational citizenship behavior. An employee's identification with their employer plays a significant role in supporting and promoting organized citizenship behavior, serving as a mediating mechanism with citizenship behaviors, perceived organizational justice, and organizational support based on both the social exchange and social identity theory.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Liu |first1=Dong |last2=Chen |first2=Xiao-Ping |last3=Holley |first3=Erica |title=Help yourself by helping others: The joint impact of group member organizational citizenship behaviors and group cohesiveness on group member objective task performance change |journal=Personnel Psychology |date=2017 |volume=70 |issue=4 |pages=809–842 |doi=10.1111/peps.12209 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Tinti |first1=Joel |last2=Venelli-Costa |first2=Luciano |last3=Vieira |first3=Almir |last4=Cappellozza |first4=Alexandre |title=The impact of human resources policies and practices on organizational citizenship behaviors |journal=Brazilian Business Review |date=1 November 2017 |volume=14 |issue=6 |pages=636–653 |doi=10.15728/bbr.2017.14.6.6 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
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