Editing Tissue engineering (section)

=== Long fiber generation ===
In 2013, a group from the [[University of Tokyo]] developed cell laden fibers up to a meter in length and on the order of 100&nbsp;[[μm]] in size.<ref name="pmid23542870">{{cite journal | vauthors = Onoe H, Okitsu T, Itou A, Kato-Negishi M, Gojo R, Kiriya D, Sato K, Miura S, Iwanaga S, Kuribayashi-Shigetomi K, Matsunaga YT, Shimoyama Y, Takeuchi S | display-authors = 6 | title = Metre-long cell-laden microfibres exhibit tissue morphologies and functions | journal = Nature Materials | volume = 12 | issue = 6 | pages = 584–90 | date = June 2013 | pmid = 23542870 | doi = 10.1038/nmat3606 | bibcode = 2013NatMa..12..584O }}</ref> These fibers were created using a [[microfluidic device]] that forms a double coaxial laminar flow. Each 'layer' of the microfluidic device (cells seeded in [[Extracellular matrix|ECM]], a hydrogel sheath, and finally a calcium chloride solution). The seeded cells culture within the hydrogel sheath for several days, and then the sheath is removed with viable cell fibers. Various cell types were inserted into the ECM core, including [[myocytes]], [[endothelial cells]], nerve cell fibers, and [[epithelial cell]] fibers. This group then showed that these fibers can be woven together to fabricate tissues or organs in a mechanism similar to textile [[weaving]]. Fibrous morphologies are advantageous in that they provide an alternative to traditional scaffold design, and many organs (such as muscle) are composed of fibrous cells.