Editing City (section)

=== Global governance ===
Cities participate in [[global governance]] by various means including membership in global networks which transmit norms and regulations. At the general, global level, [[United Cities and Local Governments]] (UCLG) is a significant [[umbrella organization]] for cities; regionally and nationally, [[Eurocities]], [[Asian Network of Major Cities 21]], the [[Federation of Canadian Municipalities]] the [[National League of Cities]], and the [[United States Conference of Mayors]] play similar roles.<ref name="Bouteligier2013">{{Cite journal |last=Bouteligier |first=Sofie |year=2013 |title=Inequality in new global governance arrangements: the North–South divide in transnational municipal networks |url=https://edepot.wur.nl/238650 |url-status=live |journal=Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research|volume=26 |issue=3 |pages=251–267 |doi=10.1080/13511610.2013.771890 |s2cid=143765511 |issn=1351-1610 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010005116/http://edepot.wur.nl/238650 |archive-date=2017-10-10|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name=HN2017p82>Herrschel & Newman (2017), p. 82.</ref> UCLG took responsibility for creating [[Agenda 21 for culture]], a program for [[cultural policy|cultural policies]] promoting sustainable development, and has organized various conferences and reports for its furtherance.<ref name=DuxburyJeannotte2013>Nancy Duxbury & Sharon Jeannotte, "[http://www.ces.uc.pt/myces/UserFiles/livros/1097_Global_Cultural_Governance_Policy_Duxbury-Jeannotte_2013.pdf Global Cultural Governance Policy] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210429163239/http://www.ces.uc.pt/myces/UserFiles/livros/1097_Global_Cultural_Governance_Policy_Duxbury-Jeannotte_2013.pdf |date=29 April 2021 }}"; Chapter 21 in ''The Ashgate Research Companion to Planning and Culture''; London: Ashgate, 2013.</ref>

Networks have become especially prevalent in the arena of [[environmentalism]] and specifically [[climate change]] following the adoption of [[Agenda 21]]. Environmental city networks include the [[C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group]], the [[United Nations Global Compact#UN Global Compact – Cities Programme|United Nations Global Compact Cities Programme]], the [[Carbon Neutral Cities Alliance]] (CNCA), the [[Covenant of Mayors]] and the [[Compact of Mayors]],<ref>Now the [[Global Covenant of Mayors]]; see: {{cite web|url=https://www.compactofmayors.org/globalcovenantofmayors/|title=Global Covenant of Mayors – Compact of Mayors|access-date=13 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161014062217/https://www.compactofmayors.org/globalcovenantofmayors/|archive-date=14 October 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[ICLEI|ICLEI – Local Governments for Sustainability]], and the [[Transition town|Transition Towns network]].<ref name=Bouteligier2013 /><ref name=HN2017p82 />

Cities with world political status as meeting places for advocacy groups, non-governmental organizations, lobbyists, educational institutions, intelligence agencies, military contractors, information technology firms, and other groups with a stake in world policymaking. They are consequently also sites for symbolic protest.<ref name=CalderFreytas2009 />{{efn|One important global political city, described at one time as a [[Caput Mundi|world capital]], is [[Washington, D.C.]] and [[Washington metropolitan area|its metropolitan area]], including [[Tysons, Virginia|Tysons]] and [[Reston, Virginia|Reston]] in the [[Dulles Technology Corridor]] and the various federal agencies found along the [[Baltimore–Washington Parkway]]). Beyond the prominent institutions of U.S. government on the national mall, this area contains [[List of diplomatic missions in Washington, DC|177 embassies]], [[The Pentagon]], the [[George Bush Center for Intelligence|Central Intelligence Agency headquarters]], the World Bank headquarters, myriad [[think tank]]s and [[lobbyist|lobbying groups]], and corporate headquarters for [[Booz Allen Hamilton]], [[General Dynamics]], [[Capital One]], [[Verisign]], [[Mortgage Electronic Registration Systems]], and [[Gannett Company]].<ref name=CalderFreytas2009 />}}

[[South Africa]] has one of the highest rates of protests in the world. [[Pretoria]], a city in South Africa, had a rally where five thousand people took part in order to advocate for increasing wages to afford living costs.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-08-24 |title=South Africans in nationwide strike in protest against cost of living|publisher=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-62659893 |access-date=2023-08-16}}</ref>