Editing Cluj-Napoca (section)

==Transport==
Cluj-Napoca has a complex system of regional transportation, providing road, air and rail connections to major cities in Romania and Europe. It also features a public transportation system consisting of bus, trolleybus and tram lines.

===Road===
Cluj-Napoca is an important node in the [[International E-road network|European road network]], being on three different European routes ([[European route E60|E60]], [[European route E81|E81]] and [[European route E576|E576]]). At a [[Roads in Romania|national level]], Cluj-Napoca is located on three different main national roads: [[DN1]], DN1C and DN1F. The [[Transylvania motorway (Romania)|Romanian Motorway A3]], also known as ''Transylvania Motorway'' (''Autostrada Transilvania''), currently under construction, will link the city with [[Bucharest]] and Romania's western border.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Technical Data |url=http://www.autostradatransilvania.ro/www/index.html/articles |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080120091947/http://www.autostradatransilvania.ro/www/index.html/articles |archive-date=20 January 2008 |access-date=2008-03-12 |publisher=Bechtel}}</ref> The 2B section between [[Câmpia Turzii]] and Cluj Vest ([[Gilău, Cluj|Gilău]]) opened in late 2010.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 January 2008 |title=O jumătate de miliard de euro pentru autostradă |url=http://www.ziuadecj.ro/action/article?ID=7150 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080218070133/http://www.ziuadecj.ro/action/article?ID=7150 |archive-date=18 February 2008 |access-date=2008-03-12 |publisher=Ziua de Cluj |language=ro}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Denis Barabaș |last2=Adrian Popa |date=13 November 2010 |title=Autostrada "șchioapătă" mai departe |url=http://www.adevarul.ro/locale/cluj-napoca/S-au_inaugurat_cei_10_km_de_autostrada_dintre_Campia_Turzii_si_Turda_0_371363058.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101116132357/http://www.adevarul.ro/locale/cluj-napoca/S-au_inaugurat_cei_10_km_de_autostrada_dintre_Campia_Turzii_si_Turda_0_371363058.html |archive-date=16 November 2010 |access-date=2011-04-13 |work=Adevărul |language=ro}}</ref> The Cluj-Napoca Coach Station (''Autogara'') is used by several private transport companies to provide [[Coach (vehicle)|coach]] connections from Cluj-Napoca to a large number of locations from all over the country.

[[File:A3 (Romania).jpg|thumb|left|[[A3 (Romania)|A3 motorway]] near Cluj-Napoca]]
The number of automobiles licensed in Cluj-Napoca is estimated at 175,000.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Alexandra Groza |date=14 January 2008 |title=Ce mașini conduc clujenii? |url=http://www.clujeanul.ro/saptamanal/ce-masini-conduc-clujenii-2333338 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080223002943/http://www.clujeanul.ro/saptamanal/ce-masini-conduc-clujenii-2333338 |archive-date=23 February 2008 |access-date=2008-03-12 |publisher=Clujeanul |language=ro}}</ref> {{As of|2007}}, [[Cluj County]] ranks sixth nationwide according to the cars sold during that year, with 12,679 units, corresponding to a four percent share. One tenth of these cars were limousines or SUVs.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Alexandra Păcurar |date=29 January 2008 |title=Dacia trece în viteză pe lângă liderii mondiali ai pieței auto |publisher=Informația Cluj |language=ro}}</ref> Some 3,300 taxis are also licensed to operate in Cluj-Napoca.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Adrian Popa |date=28 November 2007 |title=Consilierii locali au decis limitarea numărului de taxiuri din Cluj-Napoca |url=http://www.monitorulcj.ro/cms/site/m_cj/news/consilierii_locali_au_decis_limitarea_numarului_de_taxiuri_din_cluj_napoca_28292.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080522171935/http://www.monitorulcj.ro/cms/site/m_cj/news/consilierii_locali_au_decis_limitarea_numarului_de_taxiuri_din_cluj_napoca_28292.html |archive-date=22 May 2008 |access-date=2008-08-01 |publisher=Monitorul de Cluj |language=ro}}</ref>

===Air===
The [[Cluj-Napoca International Airport]] (CLJ), located {{convert|9|km|mi}} to the east of the city centre, is the second busiest airport in Romania,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Florina Pop |date=3 September 2014 |title=Trafic aerian record înregistrat pe Aeroportul Internaţional Cluj, al doilea aeroport al ţării după numărul de pasageri din primele 6 luni |url=http://adevarul.ro/locale/cluj-napoca/trafic-aerian-recordinregistrat--aeroportul-international-cluj-doilea-aeroport-altarii-numarul-pasageri-primele-6-luni-1_5406af470d133766a8d0c3e3/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816003439/http://adevarul.ro/locale/cluj-napoca/trafic-aerian-recordinregistrat--aeroportul-international-cluj-doilea-aeroport-altarii-numarul-pasageri-primele-6-luni-1_5406af470d133766a8d0c3e3/index.html |archive-date=16 August 2016 |access-date=7 June 2016 |website=Adevărul}}</ref> after Bucharest's [[Henri Coandă International Airport|OTP]], handling over 1.4 million passengers in 2015.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2015 pax |url=http://www.anna.aero/wp-content/uploads/european-airports.xls |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170326185002/http://www.anna.aero/wp-content/uploads/european-airports.xls |archive-date=26 March 2017 |access-date=7 June 2016 |website=Anna Aero}}</ref> Situated on the [[European route E576]] (Cluj-Napoca–[[Dej]]), the airport is connected to the city centre by the local public transport company, CTP, bus number 8 and trolley number 5. The airport serves various direct international destinations across Europe. In 2016, a 42 m-high control tower will be inaugurated on the site of the old tower, built in the 1960s.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 April 2014 |title=Turnul de control al aeroportului din Cluj, finalizat în 2016. Unde va fi construit |url=http://citynews.ro/eveniment/turn-nou-de-control-la-aeroport-2016-1263001 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160808203602/http://citynews.ro/eveniment/turn-nou-de-control-la-aeroport-2016-1263001 |archive-date=8 August 2016 |access-date=7 June 2016 |website=CityNews.ro}}</ref> The new control tower will be one of the most modern in the country.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 April 2014 |title=Futurist: Noul turn de control de la Aeroportul din Cluj-Napoca va fi unul dintre cele mai moderne din ţară |url=http://www.digi24.ro/Stiri/Digi24/Actualitate/Stiri/Futurist+FOTO+Turn+control+Aeroportul+International+Cluj+Napoca |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160813215247/http://www.digi24.ro/Stiri/Digi24/Actualitate/Stiri/Futurist%20FOTO%20Turn%20control%20Aeroportul%20International%20Cluj%20Napoca |archive-date=13 August 2016 |access-date=7 June 2016 |website=Digi24}}</ref>

===Rail===
[[Cluj-Napoca railway station|Cluj-Napoca Rail Station]], located about {{convert|2|km|mi}} north of the city centre, is situated on the [[Căile Ferate Române|CFR-Romanian Railways]] Main Line 300 ([[Bucharest]] – [[Oradea]] – Romanian Western Border) and on Line 401 (Cluj-Napoca – [[Dej]]). CFR provides direct rail connections to all the major Romanian cities and to [[Budapest]]. The rail station is very well connected to all parts of the city by the trams, [[trolleybus]]es and buses of the local public transport company, CTP.

[[File:Cluj-Napoca, PESA 82, 2012.06.09 (2).jpg|thumb|A [[Pesa 120Na|PESA Swing]] tram on Splaiul Independenței]]
The city is also served by two other secondary rail stations, the ''Little Station'' (''Gara Mică''), which is technically part of and situated immediately near the main station, and ''Cluj-Napoca East'' (''Est''). There is also a cargo station, ''Halta "Clujana"''.

===Public transport===
[[Compania de Transport Public Cluj-Napoca|CTP]], the local public transport company, runs an extensive {{convert|321|km|mi}} public transport network within the city using 5 tram lines, 12 [[trolleybus]] lines and 51 bus routes.<ref name="Cluj-Napoca City Hall"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=Linii urbane|url= https://ctpcj.ro/index.php/ro/orare-linii/linii-urbane |access-date=2025-04-29 |publisher= CTP Cluj-Napoca |language=ro}}</ref> Transport in the Cluj-Napoca metropolitan area is also covered by a number of private bus companies, such as Fany and MV Trans 2007, providing connections to neighboring towns and villages.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vasile Racovițan |date=1 July 2008 |title=Curse private, prețuri ca la stat |url=http://www.ziuadecj.ro/action/article?ID=14080 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130113132707/http://www.ziuadecj.ro/action/article?ID=14080 |archive-date=13 January 2013 |access-date=2009-07-03 |publisher=Ziua de Cluj |language=ro}}</ref>

====Trams====
The local transportation company, CTP, manages a tram line that runs through the city. Planned modernisation will involve the installation of new rail tracks and the separation of the tram route from road traffic. This will bring a number of advantages, including vibration and shock reduction, a substantial noise decrease, long use expectancy and higher [[Mass transit|transit]] speed – {{convert|60|to|80|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 January 2007 |title=Tramvaiul clujean circulă expirat |url=http://www.ftr.ro/index.php?cmd=d&id=1589 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080212002628/http://www.ftr.ro/index.php?cmd=d&id=1589 |archive-date=12 February 2008 |access-date=2008-03-12 |publisher=Foaia Transilvană |language=ro}}</ref> The route will undergo major alteration on Horea Street, between the [[Chamber of Commerce]] and the central rail station, a rather problematic area. This dilemma should be solved either with the relocation of the track next to the sidewalk, or through the construction of a suspended tunnel.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 November 2007 |title=Vor tunel suspendat pe strada Horea |url=http://www.ziuadecj.ro/action/article?ID=5568 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080203124534/http://www.ziuadecj.ro/action/article?ID=5568 |archive-date=3 February 2008 |access-date=2008-03-12 |publisher=Ziua de Cluj |language=ro}}</ref> Another area that will benefit from large-scale changes is "Splaiul Independenței", where the tracks will be pulled back to the [[Cluj-Napoca Central Park|Central Park]], so that the roadway can host two lanes. In the Mănăștur area, under the bridge, the tracks will be brought closer, while other major works will executed on the traffic circle on Primăverii Street. Given the development of the [[Cluj-Napoca metropolitan area|metropolitan area]], further plans feature the creation of a [[light rail]] track between [[Gilău, Cluj|Gilău]] and [[Jucu]] that will use these modernised tracks in the city.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 November 2007 |title=Aviz pentru tramvai nou în Cluj |url=http://old.clujeanul.ro/cotidian/nocache/articol/Cluj/Aviz_pentru_tramvai_nou_in_Cluj.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080214162106/http://old.clujeanul.ro/cotidian/nocache/articol/Cluj/Aviz_pentru_tramvai_nou_in_Cluj.html |archive-date=14 February 2008 |access-date=2008-03-12 |publisher=Clujeanul |language=ro}}</ref>

====Metro====
In late 2018, studies began for a proposed [[Cluj-Napoca Metro]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 November 2018 |title=A Second Romanian City Starts Tenders For Subway |url=https://www.romaniajournal.ro/society-people/a-second-romanian-city-starts-tenders-for-subway/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200811224333/https://www.romaniajournal.ro/society-people/a-second-romanian-city-starts-tenders-for-subway/ |archive-date=11 August 2020 |access-date=5 September 2020 |website=Romanian Journal}}</ref> continuing into 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 April 2020 |title=Cluj-Napoca studies metro options |url=https://www.railwaygazette.com/projects-and-planning/cluj-napoca-studies-metro-options/56385.article |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200814061825/https://www.railwaygazette.com/projects-and-planning/cluj-napoca-studies-metro-options/56385.article |archive-date=14 August 2020 |access-date=5 September 2020 |website=Railway Gazette International}}</ref> In February 2023, the design and execution works for Line I of the metro were awarded to the [[Gülermak]] – [[Alstom Transport]] – Arcada Company. The total duration of the contract is estimated at 96 months.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 February 2023 |title=Metroul din Cluj-Napoca va fi construit de o asociere din Turcia |url=https://monitorizari.hotnews.ro/stiri-infrastructura_proiecte-26113098-metroul-din-cluj-napoca-construit-asociere-din-turcia.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301141451/https://monitorizari.hotnews.ro/stiri-infrastructura_proiecte-26113098-metroul-din-cluj-napoca-construit-asociere-din-turcia.htm |archive-date=1 March 2023 |access-date=1 March 2023 |website=hotnews.ro}}</ref>