Editing Gender equality (section)

== Gender biases ==
[[File:Midsommarkransar.jpg|thumb|There is controversy with regard to ideologies according to which [[Western culture]] and Western feminism should be considered the international standard to be followed by the [[developing world]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ucu.edu.uy/sites/default/files/facultad/dcsp/western_feminy_theory.pdf |title=Third World Critiques of Western Feminist Theory in the Post-Development Era |author=Javier Pereira Bruno |date=January 2006 |publisher=The University of Texas at Austin |access-date=April 25, 2021 |archive-date=March 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308144504/https://ucu.edu.uy/sites/default/files/facultad/dcsp/western_feminy_theory.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>]]
[[File:Malleus maleficarum, Köln 1520, Titelseite.jpg|thumb|An example of a [[Western European]] ideology responsible for persecution of women:<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/articles/3FLjmvvjWDhRGswzCgYkzrF/six-spellbinding-facts-about-the-european-witch-craze |title=BBC Radio 4 - You're Dead To Me - Six spellbinding facts about the European Witch Craze |publisher=Bbc.co.uk |date=2019-10-28 |accessdate=2022-02-19 |archive-date=2022-02-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220208052819/https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/articles/3FLjmvvjWDhRGswzCgYkzrF/six-spellbinding-facts-about-the-european-witch-craze |url-status=live }}</ref> ''[[Malleus Maleficarum]]'', a book endorsing the [[Witch trials in the early modern period|extermination of witches]]. The book was written by the German Catholic clergyman [[Heinrich Kramer]].]]
[[File:Appenzell_Innerrhoden_in_Switzerland.png|thumb|right|220px|The Swiss canton of [[Appenzell Innerrhoden]] was the last jurisdiction in Europe, and one of the last jurisdictions in the world, to grant [[women's suffrage]] in 1990<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/politics/a-visit-to-appenzell-inner-rhodes--the-last-canton-to-grant-women-the-right-to-vote-in-switzerland-/46328984 | title=Appenzell Inner Rhodes: The last Swiss canton to give women the vote | date=2 February 2021 }}</ref>]]
A study involving predicting personality characteristics of individuals in photographs across 44 countries found that the [[women-are-wonderful effect]] is lower in countries with high measures of gender equality, with the decrease arising from men being viewed less negatively.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Krys |first1=Kuba |last2=Capaldi |first2=Colin A. |last3=van Tilburg |first3=Wijnand |last4=Lipp |first4=Ottmar V. |last5=Bond |first5=Michael Harris |last6=Vauclair |first6=C.-Melanie |last7=Manickam |first7=L. Sam S. |last8=Domínguez-Espinosa |first8=Alejandra |last9=Torres |first9=Claudio |last10=Lun |first10=Vivian Miu-Chi |last11=Teyssier |first11=Julien |last12=Miles |first12=Lynden K. |last13=Hansen |first13=Karolina |last14=Park |first14=Joonha |last15=Wagner |first15=Wolfgang |date=October 2018 |title=Catching up with wonderful women: The women-are-wonderful effect is smaller in more gender egalitarian societies: CATCHING UP WITH WONDERFUL WOMEN |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ijop.12420 |journal=International Journal of Psychology |language=en |volume=53 |pages=21–26 |doi=10.1002/ijop.12420|pmid=28295294 |s2cid=31983366 |hdl=2164/12046 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> The [[gender-equality paradox]] is the observation that gendered differences in personality tend to be higher in countries with higher gender equality.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Fors Connolly|first1=Filip|last2=Goossen|first2=Mikael|last3=Hjerm|first3=Mikael|date=2020-07-01|title=Does Gender Equality Cause Gender Differences in Values? Reassessing the Gender-Equality-Personality Paradox|journal=Sex Roles|language=en|volume=83|issue=1|pages=101–113|doi=10.1007/s11199-019-01097-x|issn=1573-2762|doi-access=free}}</ref>