Editing Perth (section)

== Infrastructure ==
=== Health ===
{{see also|List of hospitals in Western Australia}}
[[File:Perth Children's Hospital, March 2018 01.jpg|alt=|thumb|[[Perth Children's Hospital]]]]
Perth has ten large hospitals with emergency departments. {{As of|2013}}, [[Royal Perth Hospital]] in the city centre is the largest, with others spread around the metropolitan area: [[Armadale Health Service]], [[Joondalup Health Campus]], [[King Edward Memorial Hospital for Women]] in [[Subiaco, Western Australia|Subiaco]], [[Rockingham General Hospital]], [[Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital]] in [[Nedlands, Western Australia|Nedlands]], [[St John of God Murdoch Hospital|St John of God Murdoch]] and [[St John of God Subiaco Hospital|Subiaco]] Hospitals, [[Midland Health Campus]] in [[Midland, Western Australia|Midland]], and [[Fiona Stanley Hospital]] in [[Murdoch, Western Australia|Murdoch]]. [[Perth Children's Hospital]] is the state's only specialist children's hospital, and [[Graylands Hospital]] is the only public stand-alone psychiatric teaching hospital. Most of these are public hospitals, with some operating under public-private partnerships. St John of God Murdoch and Subiaco Hospitals, and Hollywood Hospital are large privately owned and operated hospitals.

A number of other public and private hospitals operate in Perth.<ref>{{cite web|title=Hospitals in Perth|url=http://www.myhospitals.gov.au/browse/wa/perth|work=My Hospitals|publisher=Commonwealth of Australia|access-date=17 September 2013|author=National Health Performance Authority|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130926043401/http://www.myhospitals.gov.au/browse/wa/perth|archive-date=26 September 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>

=== Transport ===
{{Main|Transport in Perth, Western Australia}}
[[File:High Wycombe train gn1.jpg|alt=|left|thumb|[[Transperth B-series train|Transperth B-Series train]] at [[Perth railway station]]]]
Perth is served by [[Perth Airport]] in the city's east for regional, domestic and international flights and [[Jandakot Airport]] in the city's southern suburbs for general aviation and charter flights.

Perth has a road network with three freeways—[[Mitchell Freeway|Mitchell]], [[Kwinana Freeway|Kwinana]] and [[Graham Farmer Freeway|Graham Farmer]]—and nine metropolitan highways. The [[Northbridge Tunnel]], part of the Graham Farmer Freeway, is the only significant road tunnel in Perth.

Perth metropolitan public transport is known as [[Transperth]], and includes [[Railways in Perth|trains]], [[Buses in Perth|buses]] and ferries, which are provided by the [[Public Transport Authority (Western Australia)|Public Transport Authority]]. Links to rural areas provided by [[Transwa]]. There are [[List of Transperth railway stations|74 railway stations]] and [[List of Transperth bus stations|14 bus-only stations]] on the Transperth network.<ref>{{cite web |title=Transperth Zone Map |url=https://www.transperth.wa.gov.au/Portals/0/Asset/Documents/Tickets%20%26%20Fares/Transperth_zone_map.pdf |website=Transperth |access-date=11 January 2023 |archive-date=21 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210921130532/https://www.transperth.wa.gov.au/Portals/0/Asset/Documents/Tickets%20%26%20Fares/Transperth_zone_map.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

Perth provides [[zero-fare]] bus and train trips around the city centre (the "Free Transit Zone"), including four high-frequency [[Perth Central Area Transit|CAT]] bus routes.

The ''[[Indian Pacific]]'' passenger rail service connects Perth with [[Adelaide Parklands Terminal|Adelaide]] and [[Central railway station, Sydney|Sydney]] once per week in each direction. The ''[[Transwa Prospector|Prospector]]'' passenger rail service connects Perth with [[Kalgoorlie railway station|Kalgoorlie]] via several [[Wheatbelt (Western Australia)|Wheatbelt]] towns, while the ''[[Transwa Australind|Australind]]'' connects to [[Bunbury railway station|Bunbury]], the [[MerredinLink]] connects to [[Merredin, Western Australia|Merredin]] and the ''[[Transwa AvonLink|AvonLink]]'' connects to [[Northam railway station, Western Australia|Northam]].

Rail freight terminates at the [[Kewdale Rail Terminal]], {{cvt|15|km|0}} south-east of the city centre.

Perth's main container and passenger port is at Fremantle, {{cvt|19|km|0}} south-west at the mouth of the Swan River.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fremantleports.com.au/Shipping/Business/PortInformation.asp |title=Port Information |access-date=14 April 2007 |publisher=[[Fremantle Ports]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070514232254/http://www.fremantleports.com.au/Shipping/Business/PortInformation.asp |archive-date=14 May 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The [[Fremantle Harbour|Fremantle Outer Harbour]] at [[Cockburn Sound]] is one of Australia's major bulk cargo ports.<ref>{{cite web|title=Fremantle Ports Profile|url=http://www.fremantleports.com.au/SiteCollectionDocuments/Fremantle%20Ports%20Profile%20folder.pdf|website=Fremantle Ports Western Australia|access-date=31 July 2016|page=2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160317032847/http://fremantleports.com.au/SiteCollectionDocuments/Fremantle%20Ports%20Profile%20folder.pdf|archive-date=17 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>

=== Utilities ===
[[File:Mundaring Weir SMC9.jpg|thumb|[[Mundaring Weir]]]]
Perth's electricity is predominantly generated, supplied and retailed by three [[Western Australian]] Government corporations. [[Verve Energy]] operates coal and gas power generation stations, as well as wind farms and other power sources.<ref>{{cite web|title=About Us|url=http://www.verveenergy.com.au/verve-energy/our-company/about-us|publisher=Verve Energy|access-date=17 September 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130724173138/http://verveenergy.com.au/verve-energy/our-company/about-us|archive-date=24 July 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> The physical network is maintained by [[Western Power (networks corporation)|Western Power]],<ref>{{cite web|title=About us|url=http://www.westernpower.com.au/aboutus/aboutus.html|publisher=Western Power|access-date=17 September 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130728102335/http://westernpower.com.au/aboutus/aboutus.html|archive-date=28 July 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> while [[Synergy (electricity corporation)|Synergy]], the state's largest energy retailer, sells electricity to residential and business customers.<ref>{{cite web|title=Who we are|url=https://www.synergy.net.au/who_we_are.xhtml|publisher=Synergy|access-date=17 September 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130510025842/https://www.synergy.net.au/who_we_are.xhtml|archive-date=10 May 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[Alinta Energy]], which was previously a government owned company, had a monopoly in the domestic gas market since the 1990s. However, in 2013 [[Wesfarmers#Chemicals, Energy and Fertilisers|Kleenheat Gas]] began operating in the market, allowing consumers to choose their gas retailer.<ref>{{cite news|title=Kleenheat Gas gives West Australians a choice of gas supplier|url=http://www.perthnow.com.au/news/western-australia/kleenheat-gas-gives-west-australians-a-choice-of-gas-supplier/story-e6frg13u-1226604439348|access-date=17 September 2013|newspaper=Perth Now|date=24 March 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130528053138/http://www.perthnow.com.au/news/western-australia/kleenheat-gas-gives-west-australians-a-choice-of-gas-supplier/story-e6frg13u-1226604439348|archive-date=28 May 2013}}</ref>

The [[Water Corporation]] is the dominant supplier of water, as well as wastewater and drainage services, in Perth and throughout [[Western Australia]]. It is also owned by the state government.<ref>{{cite web|title=The way we work|url=http://www.watercorporation.com.au/about-us/the-way-we-work|publisher=Water Corporation|access-date=17 September 2013|archive-date=25 September 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130925205740/http://www.watercorporation.com.au/about-us/the-way-we-work|url-status=live}}</ref>

Perth's water supply has traditionally relied on both groundwater and rain-fed dams. Reduced rainfall in the region over recent decades had greatly lowered inflow to reservoirs and affected groundwater levels. Coupled with the city's relatively high growth rate, this led to concerns that Perth could run out of water in the near future.<ref name="RunOutOfWater">{{cite news | first = Eloise | last = Dortch | title = Plan for a second desalination plant | work=[[The West Australian]] | publisher=West Australian Newspapers Ltd | page = 1 | date = 7 May 2005 | quote = A document dated 12 January obtained by The West Australian under Freedom of Information laws shows that the Water Corporation fears Perth will begin running out of water by late 2008 without one of the two developments.
}}</ref> The [[Western Australian]] Government responded by building desalination plants, and introducing mandatory household sprinkler [[Water restrictions in Australia|restrictions]]. The [[Kwinana Desalination Plant]] was opened in 2006,<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.watercorporation.com.au/m/media_detail.cfm?id=3301 |title = Premier opens Australia's first major desalination plant |access-date = 14 April 2007 |date = 19 November 2006 |publisher = [[Water Corporation]] |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080726224555/http://www.watercorporation.com.au/m/media_detail.cfm?id=3301 |archive-date = 26 July 2008 |quote = When fully operational it will produce on average 130 million litres per day and supply 17 per cent of Perth's needs. |url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Kwinana desalination plant open in months |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2006-09-26/kwinana-desalination-plant-open-in-months/1271552 |work=ABC News Online |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=26 September 2006 |access-date=14 April 2007 |archive-date=3 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140103053313/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2006-09-26/kwinana-desalination-plant-open-in-months/1271552 |url-status=live }}</ref> and [[Southern Seawater Desalination Plant]] at [[Binningup, Western Australia|Binningup]] (on the coast between Mandurah and Bunbury) began operating in 2011. A trial winter (1 June – 31 August) sprinkler ban was introduced in 2009 by the State Government, a move which the Government later announced would be made permanent.<ref>{{cite web
 | title = Winter sprinkler ban made permanent
 | publisher = ABC News
 | date = 9 September 2009
 | url = http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2009/09/09/2681052.htm
 | access-date = 25 September 2009
 | archive-date = 25 September 2009
 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090925201505/http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2009/09/09/2681052.htm
 | url-status = dead
 }}</ref>