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== References == {{reflist|25em|refs= <!-- If this is an attempt to create list-defined references, it is not formatted correctly. Until the references are created the citations should be commented. {{cite news |agency=[[Agence France-Presse]] |date=15 May 2015 |title=Polish tourists proclaim 'Kingdom of Enclava' |url=http://www.afp.com/en/news/polish-tourists-proclaim-kingdom-enclava |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518095849/http://www.afp.com/en/news/polish-tourists-proclaim-kingdom-enclava |archive-date=18 May 2015 }} {{cite web |title=Overturning the doctrine of ''terra nullius'': The Mabo case |website=Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (aiatsis.gov.au) |url=https://aiatsis.gov.au/sites/default/files/docs/research-and-guides/native-title-research/overturning-doctrine-terra%20nullius-the-mabo-case.pdf }} {{cite news |title = Indigenous people still battle for land rights: Activist |date = 3 June 2007 |website = ABC News Online |publisher = [[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]] |url = http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200706/s1941005.htm |access-date = 3 July 2011 }} {{cite web | title=Mabo and native title | website=Australians Together | url=https://australianstogether.org.au/discover/australian-history/mabo-native-title/ | access-date=25 July 2020 }} {{cite journal |first=Banner|last=Stuart |year=2005 |title=Why Terra Nullius? Anthropology and Property Law in Early Australia |journal=Law and History Review |volume=23 |issue=1 |pages=95–131 |doi=10.1017/S0738248000000067 |jstor=30042845 |s2cid=145484253 }} {{cite news |last = Bartlett |first = Jamie |date = 24 May 2016 |title = The crypto-libertarians using technology to undermine the nation-state |newspaper = [[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]] |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/05/24/the-crypto-libertarians-using-technology-to-undermine-the-nation/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/05/24/the-crypto-libertarians-using-technology-to-undermine-the-nation/ |archive-date=12 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live }}{{cbignore}} {{cite news |title=21 September 1955: Britain claims Rockall |department=On This Day |website=[[BBC News]] |publisher=[[British Broadcasting Corporation]] |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/september/21/newsid_4582000/4582327.stm }} {{cite news |first=Chris |last=Borgen |date=2014-07-16 |title=The man who would be king, daddy's little princess, and their territorial claim |website=Opinio Juris (opiniojuris.org) |url=http://opiniojuris.org/2014/07/16/man-king-daddys-little-princess-territorial-claim/ |access-date=2021-08-21 }} {{cite book |article=Egypt |year=2009 |title=CIA World Factbook 2009 |publisher=U.S. Central Intelligence Agency |isbn=978-1-60778-333-6 |article-url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/egypt/ }} {{cite web | last=Justin | first=Clemens | title=Barron Field and the myth of terra nullius | website=The Monthly | date=October 2018 | url=https://www.themonthly.com.au/issue/2018/october/1538316000/justin-clemens/barron-field-and-myth-terra-nullius#mtr }} {{cite report |title = A brief history of land transfers between American Indians and the United States Government |series = Native American Material / Treaty Rights |place = Mount Pleasant, MI |department = Clarke Historical Library |publisher = [[Central Michigan University]] |url = https://www.cmich.edu/library/clarke/ResearchResources/Native_American_Material/Treaty_Rights/Pages/New-Section---The-Land.aspx |access-date = 21 November 2020 }} {{cite news |first=Michael |last=Connor |date=20 August 2003 |title=[no title cited] |newspaper=The Bulletin |place=Sydney, NSW, AU }} ::''for further discussion see'' {{cite book |first=Michael |last=Connor |date=January 2005 |title=The Invention of ''Terra Nullius'': Historical and legal fictions on the foundation of Australia |place=Sydney, NSW, AU |publisher=Macleay Press |isbn=1-876492-16-3 }} {{cite web |first=Michael |last=Connor |date=5 April 2006 |title=Null truth to academic accusations |website=21 ProntoB |url=http://www.sunray22b.net/truth_or_not_in_academic_accusations.htm |access-date=26 July 2020 }} {{cite web |title=About Enclava |type=main page |website=Enclava |url=http://enclava.org/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150729010917/http://enclava.org/ |archive-date=29 July 2015 }} {{cite book | first1=John | last1=Fogarty | first2=Jacinta | last2=Dwyer | year=2012 | chapter=The First Aboriginal Land Rights Case | editor-first=Helen | editor-last=Sykes | title=More or Less: Democracy & new media | publisher=Future Leaders | isbn=978-0-9803320-7-0 | chapter-url=http://www.futureleaders.com.au/book_chapters/pdf/More-or-Less/John-Fogarty_Jacinta-Dwyer.pdf }} {{cite journal |first=Alan |last=Frost |year=1992 |title=Old colonisations and modern discontents: Legacies and concern |journal=Samuel Griffith Society Proceedings |volume=1 |at=Chapter 11 |url=https://www.samuelgriffith.org/s/Vol1_chap11.pdf }} {{cite web |title=Papers by author |website=Samuel Griffith Society (samuelgriffith.org) |url=https://www.samuelgriffith.org/papers-by-author }} {{cite news |first=Will C. |last=Holden |date=17 July 2014 |title=Man lays claim to African land to make daughter real life 'princess' |website=[[KDVR]] kdvr.com |place=Denver, CO |url=http://kdvr.com/2014/07/17/man-lays-claim-to-african-land-to-make-daughter-real-life-princess/ |access-date=30 March 2018 }} {{cite web |title=On virtual narratives at Croatia's borders |website=Hungarian Embassy of the Republic of Croatia |publisher=Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs of the Republic of Croatia |url=http://hu.mvep.hr/hu/hirek/on-virtual-narratives-at-croatia%E2%80%99s-borders,30113.html |access-date=6 August 2015 }} {{cite report |title=Frontier Dispute (Burkina Faso/Niger) |date=16 April 2013 |series=Reports of Judgments, Advisory Opinions and Orders |publisher=International Court of Justice |url=http://www.icj-cij.org/en/case/149/judgments |access-date=4 August 2017 }} {{cite book |first=I. |last=Brownlie |year=1990 |title=Principles of Public International Law |edition=4th |page=146 }} : {{cite book |first=W.E. |last=Hall |year=1923 |title=A Treatise on International Law |pages=102–103 }} : {{cite book |first=C. |last=Hyde |year=1945 |title=International Law |edition=revised 2nd |page=329 }} : {{cite book |first=J. |last=Moore |year=1906 |title=International Law |page=258 }} : {{cite book |first=L. |last=Oppenheim |year=1937 |title=International Law |edition=5th |at=§§222-223, pp. 439–441 |publisher=H. Lauterpacht }} : {{cite book |first=R. |last=Phillimore |year=1871 |title=International Law |edition=2nd |page=273 }} : {{cite book |first=E. |last=Vattel |year=1844 |title=Law of Nations |edition=6th Am. |at=§208, p. 99 |publisher=J. Chitty }} {{cite book |last=Ireland |first=Gordon |year=1941 |title=Boundaries, Possessions, and Conflicts in Central and North America and the Caribbean |page=320 |publisher=Octagon Books |place=New York, NY }} {{cite web |first=Frank |last=Jacobs |date=4 March 2015 |title=The cold war that wasn't: Norway annexes Greenland |website=Big Think (bigthink.com) |url=http://bigthink.com/strange-maps/the-cold-war-that-wasnt-norway-annexes-greenland |access-date= 30 March 2018 }} {{cite news |last=Johnson |first=Jesse |date=2016-07-12 |title=Tribunal rejects Beijing's claims to South China Sea; Japan braces for reaction |newspaper=[[The Japan Times]] |lang=en-US |url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2016/07/12/asia-pacific/tribunal-rules-chinese-claims-south-china-sea/ |access-date=2020-08-20 }} {{cite book |first=Frank G. |last=Klotz |date=June 1998 |title=America on the Ice: Antarctic policy issues |publisher=DIANE Publishing |isbn=0-7881-7048-1 |page=3 |quote=Antarctica was what international lawyers refers to as ''terra nullius'' – literally, "nobody's land". |url={{GBurl|id=yww_zPcd8nMC|pg=PA3}} |via=Google Books }} {{cite web |title=Tribunal issues landmark ruling in South China Sea arbitration |date=2016-07-12 |website=Lawfare |lang=en |url=https://www.lawfaremedia.org/article/tribunal-issues-landmark-ruling-south-china-sea-arbitration |access-date=2020-08-20 }} {{cite web |title=Liberland |url=http://liberland.org/en/about/ |website=liberland.cz |access-date=15 April 2015 }} {{cite news |last=Martínek |first=Jan |agency=Právo |date=15 April 2015 |title=Člen Svobodných vyhlásil na území bývalé Jugoslávie vlastní stát |publisher=[[Novinky.cz]] |lang=cs |url=http://www.novinky.cz/domaci/367000-clen-svobodnych-vyhlasil-na-uzemi-byvale-jugoslavie-vlastni-stat.html |access-date=15 April 2015 }} {{cite news |last=McKirdy |first=Euan |date=25 April 2015 |title=Liberland: Could the world's newest micronation get off the ground? |publisher=CNN |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2015/04/25/europe/liberland-worlds-newest-micronation/index.html |access-date=9 March 2016 }} {{cite book |last1=Miller |first1=Robert J. |last2=Ruru |first2=Jacinta |last3=Behrendt |first3=Larissa |last4=Lindberg |first4=Tracey |year=2010 |title=Discovering Indigenous Lands: The doctrine of discovery in the English colonies |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-957981-5 }} {{cite book |first=Ian |last=Mitchell |author-link=Ian Mitchell (author) |date=2012 |title=Isles of the North |page=232 |publisher=[[Birlinn (publisher)|Birlinn]] |isbn=978-0-85790-099-9 |url={{GBurl|id=QM-8BQAAQBAJ|pg=PT232}} |via=Google Books }} {{cite news |last=Mollman |first=Steve |date=11 September 2016 |title= The "strategic triangle" that would allow Beijing to control the South China Sea |newspaper=Quartz |lang=en-US |url=http://qz.com/775382/all-eyes-are-on-the-scarborough-shoal-the-reef-rimmed-lagoon-that-would-allow-beijing-to-control-the-south-china-sea/ |access-date= 27 October 2016 }} {{cite journal |last1=Nahuelpán Moreno |first1=Héctor Javier |last2=Antimil Caniupán |first2=Jaime Anedo |year=2019 |title=Colonialismo republicano, violencia y subordinación racial mapuche en Chile durante el siglo XX |lang=es |trans-title=Republican Colonialism, Violence and Mapuche Racial Subordination in Chile during the Twentieth Century |journal=Revista de historia regional y local |volume=11 |issue=21 |pages=211–248 |via=Dialnet |doi=10.15446/historelo.v11n21.71500 |doi-access=free |url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=6794837 }} {{cite news |first=Ileana |last=Najarro |date=12 July 2014 |title=V{{grey|[irgini]}}a man plants flag, claims African country, calling it 'Kingdom of North Sudan' |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |place=Washington, DC |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/va-man-plants-flag-claims-african-country-calling-it-kingdom-of-north-sudan/2014/07/12/abfbcef2-09fc-11e4-8a6a-19355c7e870a_story.html |access-date=2021-08-21 }} {{cite web |title=Challenging Terra Nullius |url=https://www.nla.gov.au/digital-classroom/senior-secondary/cook-and-pacific/cook-legend-and-legacy/challenging-terra |access-date=2022-05-24 |website=National Library of Australia |language=en }} {{cite book |first=Tipene |last=O'Regan |year=1989 |article=The Ngai Tahu claim |editor-first=Ian Hugh |editor-last=Kawharu |title=Waitangi: Māori and Pākehā perspectives of the Treaty of Waitangi |place=Auckland, NZ / New York, NY |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=0-19-558175-X |oclc=643932154 }} {{cite web |title=Case nr. 2013-19 |year=2016 |publisher=Permanent Court of Arbitration |url=https://docs.pca-cpa.org/2016/07/PH-CN-20160712-Award.pdf }} {{cite news |last=Perlez |first=Jane |date=2016-07-12 |title=Tribunal rejects Beijing's claims in South China sea |lang=en-US |place=New York, NY |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |issn=0362-4331 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/13/world/asia/south-china-sea-hague-ruling-philippines.html |access-date=2020-08-20 }} {{cite web |title=Island Of Rockall Act 1972 |website=[[legislation.gov.uk]] |date=10 February 1972 |url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/2/pdfs/ukpga_19720002_en.pdf }} {{cite journal |first=Camille |last=Piccioni |year=1909 |title=Revue generale de droit international public |volume=XVI }} {{cite report |author=[[Supreme Court of the Northern Territory]] |title=[[Milirrpum v Nabalco Pty Ltd]] |date=27 April 1971 |at=17 [[Federal Law Reports|FLR]] 141 }} {{cite web | title = New Jersey v. New York, 523 US 767 (1998) | publisher = US Supreme Court | url = http://openjurist.org/523/us/767/new-jersey-v-new-york | date = 26 May 1998 | at = 523.US.767 | access-date = 29 January 2010 }} {{cite journal |last=Schofield |first=Clive |year=2016 |title=A landmark decision in the South China Sea: The scope and implications of the Arbitral Tribunal's award |journal=Contemporary Southeast Asia |volume=38 |issue=3 |pages=339–348 |doi=10.1355/cs38-3a |jstor=24916757 |s2cid=157502728 |issn=0129-797X }} {{cite web |title=History of Sealand |publisher=The Principality of Sealand |url=http://www.sealandgov.org/about |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151001184858/http://www.sealandgov.org/about |archive-date=1 October 2015 }} {{cite web |title=Regina v. Paddy Roy Bates and Michael Roy Bates |date=25 October 1968 |publisher=The Shire Hall |place=Chelmsford, UK |via=seanhastings.com |url=http://www.seanhastings.com/havenco/sealand/judgement.html |access-date=29 May 2015 |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070302111533/http://www.seanhastings.com/havenco/sealand/judgement.html |archive-date=2 March 2007 }} {{cite conference |first=Bruce Granville |last=Miller |date=October 2003 |title=A short commentary on land claims in BC |conference=11th Annual National Land Claims Workshop |publisher=Union of British Columbia Indian Chiefs |url=https://www.ubcic.bc.ca/a_short_commentary_on_land_claims_in_bc |access-date=7 January 2021 }} {{cite journal | last=Van Krieken| first=Robert | date=1 July 2000 | title=From Milirrpum to Mabo: The high court, ''terra nullius'' and moral entrepreneurship | journal=UNSW Law Journal | volume= 23 | issue=1 | page=63 | via=Australasian Legal Information Institute (AustLII) | url=http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/UNSWLawJl/2000/3.html }} {{cite web |first=Mark |last=Ward |date=5 June 2000 |title = Offshore and offline? |publisher = BBC News |department = UK |url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/778267.stm |url-status = live |access-date = 2021-08-22 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090222175031/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/778267.stm |archive-date = 22 February 2009 }} --> }}
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