Editing Animal cognition (section)

====Fish====
{{Main|Fish intelligence}}
Several species of [[wrasses]] have been observed using rocks as anvils to crack [[bivalve]] (scallops, urchins and clams) shells. This behavior was first filmed<ref>{{cite news | url = http://scienceblog.com/48078/video-show-tool-use-by-a-fish/ | title = Video shows first tool use by a fish | work = ScienceBlog.com | date = 28 September 2011| last1 = Com | first1 = Scienceblog}}</ref> in an orange-dotted tuskfish (''Choerodon anchorago'') in 2009 by Giacomo Bernardi. The fish fans sand to unearth the bivalve, takes it into its mouth, swims several meters to a rock, which it then uses as an anvil by smashing the mollusc apart with sideward thrashes of the head.  This behaviour has also been recorded in a [[blackspot tuskfish]] (''Choerodon schoenleinii'') on Australia's Great Barrier Reef, yellowhead wrasse (''[[Halichoeres garnoti]]'') in Florida and a six-bar wrasse (''[[Thalassoma hardwicke]]'') in an aquarium setting.  These species are at opposite ends of the phylogenetic tree in this [[Family (biology)|family]], so this behaviour may be a deep-seated trait in all wrasses.<ref>{{Cite journal |title=The use of tools by wrasses (Labridae). |journal=Coral Reefs |volume=31 |pages=39 |doi=10.1007/s00338-011-0823-6 |vauthors=Bernardi G |year=2011 |s2cid=37924172 |doi-access=free}}</ref>