Editing Botulinum toxin (section)

===Depression===
{{See also|List of investigational antidepressants}}

A few small trials have found benefits in people with [[depression (mood)|depression]].<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors = Magid M, Keeling BH, Reichenberg JS |title = Neurotoxins: Expanding Uses of Neuromodulators in Medicine--Major Depressive Disorder |journal = Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery |volume = 136 |issue = 5 Suppl |pages = 111S–119S |date = November 2015 |pmid = 26441090 |doi = 10.1097/PRS.0000000000001733 |s2cid = 24196194 }}</ref><ref name="AdisInsight" /><ref name="Ceolato-Martin_2024">{{Cite journal |vauthors = Ceolato-Martin C, Chevallier-Collins C, Clément JP, Charles E, Lacroix A, Ranoux D |date=January 2024 |veditors = Ai S |title=OnabotulinumtoxinA in Resistant Depression: A Randomized Trial Comparing Two Facial Injection Sites (OnaDEP Study) |journal=Depression and Anxiety |language=en |volume=2024 |issue=1 |doi=10.1155/2024/1177925 |doi-access=free |pmid=40226647 |issn=1091-4269|pmc=11918888 }}</ref> A 2021 meta-analysis supports the usefulness of botox in unipolar depression, but finds significant heterogenity among the findings.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors = Arnone D, Galadari H, Rodgers CJ, Östlundh L, Aziz KA, Stip E, Young AH |title = Efficacy of onabotulinumtoxinA in the treatment of unipolar major depression: Systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression analyses of double-blind randomised controlled trials |journal = Journal of Psychopharmacology |volume = 35 |issue = 8 |pages = 910–918 |date = August 2021 |pmid = 33719696 |pmc = 8366169 |doi = 10.1177/0269881121991827 }}</ref> The main hypothesis for its action is based on the [[facial feedback hypothesis]].<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors = Finzi E, Rosenthal NE |title = Treatment of depression with onabotulinumtoxinA: a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial |journal = Journal of Psychiatric Research |volume = 52 |pages = 1–6 |date = May 2014 |pmid = 24345483 |doi = 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2013.11.006 }}</ref> Another hypothesis involves a connection between the facial muscle and specific brain regions in animals, but additional evidence is required to support or disprove this theory.<ref name="Ceolato-Martin_2024" />