Editing Hummingbird (section)

===Beak specializations===
{{multiple image
|image1=Eutoxeres aquila 28748616.jpg
|width1=175
|caption1=Curved beak (approx. 90<sup>o</sup>) of the [[white-tipped sicklebill]]
|image2=Centropogon grandidentatus (9349553006).jpg
|width2=150
|caption2=[[Centropogon]] flowers
|footer=Coevolution of the sicklebill beak curve facilitates both nectar feeding and pollination of long tubular Centropogon flowers.<ref name=boehm/>
}}

The shapes of hummingbird [[beak]]s (also called bills) vary widely as an adaptation for specialized feeding,<ref name=Berns2012/><ref name=Temeles2010/> with some 7000 flowering plants pollinated by hummingbird nectar feeding.<ref name="leim">{{cite journal |last1=Leimberger|first1=K.G.|last2= Dalsgaard|first2=B.|last3=Tobias|first3=J.A.|last4= Wolf|first4=C.|last5= Betts|first5=M.G. |title=The evolution, ecology, and conservation of hummingbirds and their interactions with flowering plants |journal=Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society |volume=97 |issue=3 |pages=923–959 |date=June 2022 |pmid=35029017 |doi=10.1111/brv.12828|hdl=10044/1/94632 |s2cid=245971244 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Hummingbird beak lengths range from about {{convert|6|mm|in}} to as long as {{convert|110|mm|in}}.<ref name="morph">{{cite journal |last1=Rico-Guevara |first1=A.|last2= Rubega|first2=M.A.|last3=Hurme|first3=K.J.|last4=Dudley|first4=R. |title=Shifting paradigms in the mechanics of nectar extraction and hummingbird bill morphology |journal=Integrative Organismal Biology|volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=oby006 |date=2019 |pmid=33791513 |pmc=7671138 |doi=10.1093/iob/oby006}}</ref> When catching insects in flight, a hummingbird's jaw [[bending|flexes]] downward to widen the beak for successful capture.<ref name="jaw"/>

The extreme curved beaks of sicklebills are adapted for extracting nectar from the curved corolla tubes of ''Centropogon'' flowers.<ref name="boehm">{{cite journal |last1=Boehm|first1=M.M.A.|last2=Guevara-Apaza |first2=D.|last3= Jankowski|first3=J.E.|last4=Cronk|first4=Q.C.B.|title=Floral phenology of an Andean bellflower and pollination by buff-tailed sicklebill hummingbird |journal=Ecology and Evolution |volume=12 |issue=6 |pages=e8988 |date=July 2022 |pmid=35784085 |pmc=9168340 |doi=10.1002/ece3.8988|bibcode=2022EcoEv..12E8988B }}</ref> Some species, such as hermits (''Phaethornis'' spp.), have long beaks that enable insertion deeply into flowers with long corolla tubes.<ref name=leim/><ref name="betts">{{cite journal |last1=Betts|first1=M.G.|last2= Hadley|first2=A.S.|last3= Kress|first3=W.J. |title=Pollinator recognition by a keystone tropical plant |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=112 |issue=11 |pages=3433–8 |date=March 2015 |pmid=25733902 |pmc=4371984 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1419522112 |bibcode=2015PNAS..112.3433B |doi-access=free }}</ref> [[Chalcostigma|Thornbills]] have short, sharp beaks adapted for feeding from flowers with short corolla tubes and piercing the bases of longer ones. The beak of the [[fiery-tailed awlbill]] has an upturned tip adapted for feeding on nectar from tubular flowers while hovering.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fiery-tailed awlbills |url=https://beautyofbirds.com/fierytailedawlbillhummingbirds/ |publisher=Beauty of Birds |access-date=8 March 2023 |date=16 September 2021}}</ref>