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==References== {{reflist|25em|refs= <ref name=Anson-2018> {{cite book |first=Denis K. |last=Anson |year=2018 |chapter=Chapter 5. Input strategies: Morse strategies |chapter-url={{GBurl|WAVnDwAAQBAJ|p=74}} |title=Assitive Technology for People with Disabilies |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-4408-3512-4 |page=74 }} </ref> <ref name=Army-1939-FM-24-5> {{cite book |publisher=U.S. Army |department=Signal Corps |year=1939 |title=Signal Communication |id=FM 24-5 |pages=83, 101–108, 227 |url=https://archive.org/details/Fm24-5-nsia/page/n1 }} </ref> <ref name=Army-1968-TM-11-459> {{cite book |title= TM 11-459. International Morse Code (Instructions) |year=1968 |pages=6–7 |place=Washington, DC |publisher=Department of the Army / U.S. Government Printing Office |url=https://archive.org/details/us-army-11-459/page/n3 }} </ref> <ref name=ARRL-2000-Part-97-amended> {{cite web | title=Amendment of Part 97 of the Commission's Amateur Service Rules | series=1998 Biennial Regulatory Review | year= c. 2000 | url=http://www.arrl.org/announce/regulatory/wt98-143ro.pdf | access-date=December 4, 2005 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20051031180705/http://www.arrl.org/announce/regulatory/wt98-143ro.pdf <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = October 31, 2005 }} </ref> <ref name=ARRL-Learning-Morse> {{cite web |title=Learning Morse code |website=Arrl.org |place=Newington, CT |publisher=[[American Radio Relay League]] |url=http://www.arrl.org/learning-morse-code |access-date=1 December 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170920205038/http://www.arrl.org/Learning-Morse-Code |archive-date=20 September 2017 }} </ref> <ref name=ARRL-Letter-2005-08-12> {{cite news | title = Italy joins no-code ranks as FCC revives Morse debate in the U.S. | date = August 12, 2005 | periodical = The ARRL Letter | volume = 24 | number = 31 | url = http://www.arrl.org/arrlletter?issue=2005-08-12 | access-date = 2012-04-02 | url-status=live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111105103738/http://www.arrl.org/arrlletter?issue=2005-08-12 | archive-date = November 5, 2011 }} </ref> <ref name=ARRL-News-2003-12-10> {{cite news | title = International Morse code gets a new ITU home, new character | date = 2003-12-10 | website = ARRL.org/news | place = Newington, CT | publisher = [[American Radio Relay League]] | url = http://www.arrl.org/news/stories/2003/12/10/2/?nc=1 | access-date = 2007-02-27 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070930203318/http://www.arrl.org/news/stories/2003/12/10/2/?nc=1 <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> | archive-date = 2007-09-30 }} </ref> <ref name=ARRL-x9004008-Farnsw> {{cite web |title=A standard for Morse timing using the Farnsworth technique |website=ARRL.org |url=http://www.arrl.org/files/file/Technology/x9004008.pdf |access-date=1 December 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180125150630/http://www.arrl.org/files/file/Technology/x9004008.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2018 }} </ref> <ref name=Baden-Powell-1938> {{cite web |first=Robert |last=Baden-Powell |author-link=Robert Baden-Powell, 1st Baron Baden-Powell |date=1938 |title=Girl Guiding |publisher=Pearson |page=61 |url=http://oldscoutbooks.com/girlguiding.pdf |url-status=live |access-date=2015-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151006042341/http://oldscoutbooks.com/girlguiding.pdf |archive-date=2015-10-06 |quote=Some people find it easier to remember the [dots] and dashes by picturing them as forming the letters ...{{rp|style=ama|at=page 61}} }} </ref> <ref name=Beauchamp-2001> {{cite book |first=Ken |last=Beauchamp |year=2001 |title=History of Telegraphy |publisher=Institution of Electrical Engineers IET |isbn=0852967926 |page=150 }} </ref> <ref name=Beechey-1876> {{cite book |first=F.S. |last=Beechey |year=1876 |title=Electro-Telegraphy |page=71 |place=London, UK |publisher=E. & F.N. Spon |url=https://archive.org/details/electrotelegrap00beecgoog/page/n74 |via=Archive.org }} </ref> <ref name=Burch-1990-07> {{cite magazine |first=Donna |last=Burch |date=July 1990 |title=Morse code from the heart |magazine=[[QST magazine]] |page=45 }} </ref> <ref name=Burns-2004> {{cite book |first=R.W. |last=Burns |year=2004 |title=Communications: An international history of the formative years |pages=79, 84 |publisher=Institution of Electrical Engineers |isbn=0-86341-327-7 }} </ref> <ref name=Camm-1941> {{cite book |first=F.J. |last=Camm |year=1941 |title=Radio Engineers' Pocket Book |edition=2nd |page=72 |publisher=Chemical Publishing Co. |url=https://archive.org/details/RadioEngineersPocketBook/page/n71 |via=Archive.org }} </ref> <ref name=Canada-AIM-2003-COM-3-2> {{cite web |title=COM 3.2 |series=Canadian AIM |year=2003 |url=http://www.tc.gc.ca/media/documents/ca-publications/COM-AIM-2013-2_ENG-3.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131122080042/http://www.tc.gc.ca/media/documents/ca-publications/COM-AIM-2013-2_ENG-3.pdf |archive-date=November 22, 2013 }} </ref> <ref name=Carron-1986> {{cite book |first=L. Peter |last=Carron |year=1986 |title=Morse Code: The essential language |series=Radio amateur's library |volume=69 |publisher=[[American Radio Relay League]] |isbn=0-87259-035-6 }} </ref> <ref name=Curt-1990-07> {{cite magazine |first=Ronald J. |last=Curt |date=July 1990 |title=In the blink of an eye |magazine=[[QST magazine]] |page=44 }} </ref> <ref name=Deutsch-Österreich-Telegr-1851> {{cite report |title=[No title cited] |publisher=Deutsch-Österreichischer Telegraphenverein (German-Austrian Telegraph Union) |year=1851 |lang=DE |quote=The Deutsch-Österreichischer Telegraphenverein officially adopted Gerke's redaction / revision of Morse code in 1851. }}{{full citation needed|date=May 2021}} </ref> <ref name=dik-archive> {{cite web |title=Morse |series=Codes |website=homepages.cwi.nl/~dik |language=en |url=http://homepages.cwi.nl/~dik/english/codes/morse.html |url-status=dead |access-date=2021-05-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101109183046/http://homepages.cwi.nl/~dik/english/codes/morse.html |archive-date=2010-11-09 }} </ref> <ref name=Eckersley-1985> {{cite book |editor-first=R.J. |editor-last=Eckersley |year=1985 |title=Amateur Radio Operating Manual |publisher=[[Radio Society of Great Britain]] |isbn=0-900612-69-X }} </ref> <ref name=Economist-1999-01-23> {{cite magazine |title=An obituary for Morse code |date=23 January 1999 |magazine=[[The Economist]] |url=https://www.economist.com/node/183572 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170330221624/https://www.economist.com/node/183572 |archive-date=2017-03-30 }} </ref> <ref name=Everitt-1937> {{cite book |first=W.L. |last=Everitt |year=1937 |title=Communication Engineering |edition=2nd |page=6 |place=New York, NY |publisher=McGraw-Hill |url=https://archive.org/details/communicationeng00ever/page/n7/mode/2up }} </ref> <ref name=FAA-2015-Air-Nav> {{cite web |title=Chapter 1. Air Navigation |work=faa.gov |date=3 January 2015 |url=http://www.faa.gov/air_traffic/publications/atpubs/aim/aim0101.html |access-date=January 21, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141201115959/http://www.faa.gov/air_traffic/publications/atpubs/aim/aim0101.html |archive-date=December 1, 2014 }} </ref> <ref name=FCC-AIM-ch-1> {{cite book |chapter=Chapter 1 |title=Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) |publisher=U.S. [[Federal Aviation Administration]] |chapter-url=http://www.faa.gov/air_traffic/publications/ATpubs/AIM/Chap1/aim0101.html |access-date=2007-12-10 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090904034127/http://www.faa.gov/air_traffic/publications/ATpubs/AIM/Chap1/aim0101.html |archive-date=September 4, 2009 }} </ref> <ref name=Fahie-1884> {{cite book |last=Fahie |first=John Joseph |year=1884 |title=A History of Electric Telegraphy, to the Year 1837 |publisher=E. & F.N. Spon |url=https://www.princeton.edu/ssp/joseph-henry-project/telegraph/A_history_of_electric_telegraphy_to_the.pdf |access-date=21 November 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170715230109/http://www.princeton.edu/ssp/joseph-henry-project/telegraph/A_history_of_electric_telegraphy_to_the.pdf |archive-date=15 July 2017 }} </ref> <ref name=FCC-radiotelegraph> {{cite web |title=Radiotelegraph Operator License (T) |website=fcc.gov |publisher=[[Federal Communications Commission]] |url=http://wireless.fcc.gov/commoperators/index.htm?job=tn |access-date=January 21, 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113043918/http://wireless.fcc.gov/commoperators/index.htm?job=tn |archive-date=January 13, 2015 }} </ref> <ref name=Freebody-1959> {{cite book |last=Freebody |first=J.W. |year=1959 |chapter=Historical survey of telegraphy |title=Telegraphy |pages=28–29 |place=London, UK |publisher=Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons, Ltd. }} </ref> <ref name=Google-android-9011881> {{cite web |title=Android accessibility help: Use Morse code |date=2018 |website=Google support |access-date=21 December 2018 |url=https://support.google.com/accessibility/android/answer/9011881?co=GENIE.Platform%3DAndroid }} </ref> <ref name=Guinness-records-Morse> {{cite web |title=Fastest speed for a Morse code transmission |website=Guinnessworldrecords.com |url=http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/fastest-speed-for-a-morse-code-transmission/ |access-date=1 December 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170703145315/http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/fastest-speed-for-a-morse-code-transmission/ |archive-date=3 July 2017 }} </ref> <ref name=Howeth-1963> {{cite book |first=Linwood S. |last=Howeth |year=1963 |title=History of Communications-Electronics in the United States: Early Navy efforts to develop aircraft radio |publisher=For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Govt. Print. Off. |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015002078809;view=1up;seq=221 }} </ref> <ref name=IARU-2003-07-03> {{cite press release |title=rel 2003-07-03 att-2 |publisher=The International Amateur Radio Union |website=IARU web (iaru.org) |url=http://www.iaru.org/rel030703att2.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120906050331/http://www.iaru.org/rel030703att2.html |archive-date=September 6, 2012 }} </ref> <ref name=ITU-R-M-1172> {{cite report |title=Miscellaneous abbreviations and signals to be used for radiocommunications in the maritime mobile service |series=ITU Recommendation |id=ITU-R M.1172 |website=ITU.int |location=Geneva, CH |publisher=[[International Telecommunication Union]] |department=[[ITU-R|Radiocommunication Sector]] |url=https://www.itu.int/rec/R-REC-M.1172/en |lang=en }} </ref> <ref name=ITU-R-M-1677> {{cite report |title=International Morse Code Recommendation |date=October 2009 |series=ITU Recommendation |id=ITU-R M.1677-1 |website=itu.int |publisher=[[International Telecommunication Union]] |department=[[ITU-R|Radiocommunication Sector]] |url=http://www.itu.int/rec/R-REC-M.1677-1-200910-I/ |access-date=23 December 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121106142719/http://www.itu.int/rec/R-REC-M.1677-1-200910-I/ |archive-date=6 November 2012 }} </ref> <ref name=K2TQN-blog> {{cite web |title=K2TQN vintage radio column |website=K2tqn.com |type=blog |url=http://www.k2tqn.com/ |access-date=1 December 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170911235907/http://k2tqn.com/ |archive-date=11 September 2017 }} </ref> <ref name=Maritime-Radio-Hist-Soc-main> {{cite web |title=Maritime Radio Historical Society |website=radiomarine.org |url=http://radiomarine.org/ |access-date=1 December 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171009162131/http://www.radiomarine.org/ |archive-date=9 October 2017 }} </ref> <ref name=Maritime-Radio-Hist-Soc-pab1_7> {{cite web |title=Maritime Radio Historical Society |website=radiomarine.org |url=http://radiomarine.org/gallery/show?keyword=eom&panel=pab1_7#pab1_7undefined |access-date=1 December 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180125150630/http://radiomarine.org/gallery/show?keyword=eom&panel=pab1_7#pab1_7undefined |archive-date=25 January 2018 }} </ref> <ref name=Morsecode-NL-EHSC> {{cite web |title=Extremely High Speed Club official web page |website=Morsecode.nl |url=http://www.morsecode.nl/ehsc%20club.html |access-date=1 December 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170628155518/http://morsecode.nl/ehsc%20club.html |archive-date=28 June 2017 }} </ref> <ref name=Navy-1957-RM32-10228B> {{cite book |department=Bureau of Naval Personnel, U.S. Navy |year=1957 |title=Radioman 3 & 2 |id=RM32-10228B |place=Washington, DC |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |pages=105–111 |url=http://www.navy-radio.com/manuals/rm32-10228B-1957.pdf }} </ref> <ref name=Newell-Nabarro-1968> {{cite journal |first1=A.F. |last1=Newell and |first2=C.D. |last2=Nabavi |title=VOTEM: the voice operated typewriter employing Morse code |journal=J. Phys. E: Sci. Instrum. |volume=2 |issue=8 |pages=655–657 |date=1969 |doi=10.1088/0022-3735/2/8/314 |pmid=5807885}} </ref> <ref name=OED-iddy-umpty> {{cite dictionary |title=Iddy-umpty |dictionary=Oxford English Dictionary |url=http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/90951 |access-date=22 October 2016 |url-access=subscription }} </ref> <ref name=Perera-W1TP-Teleg-Mus> {{cite web |last=Perera |first=Tom |title=The "Morse" code and the continental code |website=W1TP Telegraph & Scientific Instruments Museums |url=http://w1tp.com/percode.htm |access-date=23 December 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111209133401/http://w1tp.com/percode.htm |archive-date=9 December 2011 }} </ref> <ref name=Pierpont-N0HFF-2004> {{cite book | last=Pierpont | first=William G. | date=2004-05-13 | orig-year=2002 | title=The Art & Skill of Radio Telegraphy | url=http://www.pcpractice.com/CW/The%20Art%20&%20Skill%20of%20Radio%20Telegraphy%20-%203rd%20edition.pdf | access-date=2013-06-14 | via=pcpractice.com | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120226193434/http://www.pcpractice.com/CW/The%20Art%20%26%20Skill%20of%20Radio%20Telegraphy%20-%203rd%20edition.pdf | archive-date=2012-02-26 }} </ref> <ref name=Pilotnav-sps-10404> {{cite web |title=WG - Winnipeg |website=Pilotnav.com |url=http://www.pilotnav.com/navaid/sps-10404 |access-date=1 December 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171202053301/http://www.pilotnav.com/navaid/sps-10404 |archive-date=2 December 2017 }} </ref> <ref name=Pop-Sci-1918-04-Zeppelin> {{cite magazine |title=How the Zeppelin raiders are guided by radio signals |date=April 1918 |magazine=[[Popular Science Monthly]] |pages=632–634 |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.a0005885587;view=1up;seq=652 |access-date=March 4, 2018 }} </ref> <ref name=Preece-Sivewright-1891> {{cite book |first1=W.H. |last1=Preece |first2=J. |last2=Sivewright |year=1891 |title=Telegraphy |page=40 |place=London, UK |publisher=Longmans, Green, and Co. |url=https://archive.org/details/telegraphy07sivegoog/page/n56 }} </ref> <ref name=QSL-Prosigns> {{cite web |title=Prosigns |publisher=QTH.Com |url=http://www.qsl.net/w8rit/prosigns.htm |access-date=January 21, 2015 |url-status=live |via=QSL.net |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924105824/http://www.qsl.net/w8rit/prosigns.htm |archive-date=September 24, 2015 }} </ref> <ref name=Quadibloc-pp1323> {{cite web |title=Fractionated Morse, and other oddities |series=Crypto |website=Quadibloc.com |url=http://www.quadibloc.com/crypto/pp1323.htm |access-date=2013-11-21 }} </ref> <ref name=Radio-mag-Handbook-1940> {{cite book |editor1-first=W.W. |editor1-last=Smith |editor2-first=Ray L. |editor2-last=Dawley |editor3-first=E.H. |editor3-last=Conklin |collaboration=Editors of ''Radio'' magazine |display-editors=2 |year=1940 |title=The "Radio" Handbook |page=178 |edition=7th |place=Santa Barbara, CA |publisher=Editors and Engineers Ltd. |url=https://archive.org/details/The_Radio_Handbook_7th_Edition_1948/page/178/mode/1up?view=theater |access-date=2022-07-18 }} </ref> <ref name=Reverse-Beacon> {{cite web |title=Welcome! - Reverse Beacon Network |website=Reversebeacon.net |url=http://www.reversebeacon.net/ |access-date=1 December 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912071400/http://reversebeacon.net/ |archive-date=12 September 2017 }} </ref> <ref name=Ross-1992-03> {{cite magazine |first=Dennis W. |last=Ross |date=March 1992 |title=Morse code: A place in the mind |magazine=[[QST magazine]] |page=51 }} </ref> <ref name=Smithsonian-Report-1879> {{cite report |title=Annual Report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution for the Year 1878 |year=1879 |pages=358–360 |place=Washington, DC |publisher=Smithsonian Institution |via=Archive.org |url=https://archive.org/details/annualreportofbo1878smit/page/358/mode/2up |access-date=2021-03-17 }} </ref> <ref name=Stanley-2000> {{cite book |first=Glenn |last=Stanley |series=[[Cambridge Companions to Music]] |title=The Cambridge Companion to Beethoven |page=269 |place=Cambridge, UK |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2000 |isbn=0-521-58934-7 }} </ref> <ref name=Studwell-1997> {{cite book |first=William Emmett |last=Studwell |year=1997 |title=The Americana Song Reader |page=62 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=0-7890-0150-0 }} </ref> <ref name=Swling-2015-12-10> {{cite web |title=Morse code training in the Air Force |date=10 December 2015 |website=Swling.com |url=http://swling.com/blog/2015/12/morse-code-training-in-the-air-force/ |access-date=1 December 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170702064540/http://swling.com/blog/2015/12/morse-code-training-in-the-air-force/ |archive-date=2 July 2017 }} </ref> <ref name=UK-Engr-1919-1938> {{cite report |author=Engineer-in-Chief's Office |orig-year=1919 |year=1938 |title=Elementary Principles of Telegraphy and Systems up to Morse Duplex |page=6 |series=Technical Pamphlets for Workmen |place=London, UK |publisher=His Majesty's Stationery Office }} </ref> <ref name=USCG-2011-Circ-1367-Amd> {{cite web |title=Amendments to the International Aeronautical and Maritime Search and Rescue (IAMSAR) Manual |id=Circ 1367, Amd |year=2011 |website=USCG.mil |url=http://www.uscg.mil/hq/cg5/cg534/nsarc/MSC.1%20Circ%201367%20Amd%202011.pdf |access-date=1 December 2017 }} </ref> <ref name=US-CFR-Title-47> United States Code of Federal Regulations Title 47 §13.207(c), §13.209(d), §97.503 [1996] </ref> <ref name=War-1943-TM-11-459> {{cite book |publisher=War Department |year=1943 |title=Instructions for Learning International Morse Characters |id=TM 11-459 |pages=52, 68–72 |url=https://archive.org/details/Tm11-459_676-nsia/page/n67 }} </ref> <ref name=Winmorse-custom-Farnsw> {{cite web |title=Custom Farnsworth spacing configuration |publisher=Winmorse.com |url=http://www.winmorse.com/Documentation/Custom%20Farnsworth%20Spacing.htm |access-date=2013-11-21 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304044041/http://www.winmorse.com/Documentation/Custom%20Farnsworth%20Spacing.htm |archive-date=2016-03-04 }} </ref> <ref name=Wythoff-2014> {{cite periodical |last=Wythoff |first=Grant |date=July 2014 |title=The Invention of Wireless Cryptography |periodical=The Appendix: Futures of the Past |volume=2 |issue=3 |url=http://theappendix.net/issues/2014/7/the-invention-of-wireless-cryptography |access-date=2015-01-28 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141208040245/http://theappendix.net/issues/2014/7/the-invention-of-wireless-cryptography |archive-date=2014-12-08 }} </ref> <ref name=Ziegenhain-2013> {{cite web |first=Gerolf |last=Ziegenhain |date=2013-05-20 |title=Morse decoder test – iPhone / iPad |website=Gerolfziegenhain.wordpress.com |url=http://gerolfziegenhain.wordpress.com/2013/05/20/morse-decoder-test-iphone-ipad/ |access-date=2016-09-17 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170727175641/https://gerolfziegenhain.wordpress.com/2013/05/20/morse-decoder-test-iphone-ipad/ |archive-date=2017-07-27 }} </ref> }} <!-- End of "refs=" -->
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