Editing Cluster munition (section)

==Users==
===Countries===
At least 25 countries have used cluster munitions in recent history (since the creation of the United Nations). Countries listed in bold have signed and ratified the Convention on Cluster Munitions, agreeing in principle to ban cluster bombs. Countries listed in italic have signed, but not yet ratified the Convention on Cluster Munitions.

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* {{ARM}}<ref name="profile-armenia">{{cite web|url=http://www.the-monitor.org/en-gb/reports/2018/armenia/cluster-munition-ban-policy.aspx|title=Armenia Cluster Munition Ban Policy|website=the-monitor.org|access-date=27 September 2018|archive-date=5 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405060625/http://www.the-monitor.org/en-gb/reports/2018/armenia/cluster-munition-ban-policy.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.the-monitor.org/en-gb/reports/2018/nagorno-karabakh/cluster-munition-ban-policy.aspx|title=Nagorno-Karabakh (Area) Cluster Munition Ban Policy|date=26 June 2018|website=the-monitor.org|access-date=27 September 2018|archive-date=5 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405175139/http://www.the-monitor.org/en-gb/reports/2018/nagorno-karabakh/cluster-munition-ban-policy.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* {{AZE}}<ref name="profile-azerbaijan">{{cite web|url=http://www.the-monitor.org/en-gb/reports/2018/azerbaijan/cluster-munition-ban-policy.aspx|title=Azerbaijan Cluster Munition Ban Policy|date=3 July 2018|website=the-monitor.org|access-date=27 September 2018|archive-date=10 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410232035/http://www.the-monitor.org/en-gb/reports/2018/azerbaijan/cluster-munition-ban-policy.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* {{BHR}}<ref name="profile-bahrain">{{cite web|url=http://www.the-monitor.org/en-gb/reports/2018/bahrain/cluster-munition-ban-policy.aspx|title=Bahrain Cluster Munition Ban Policy|date=3 July 2018|website=the-monitor.org|access-date=27 September 2018|archive-date=5 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405055055/http://www.the-monitor.org/en-gb/reports/2018/bahrain/cluster-munition-ban-policy.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="profile-yemen">{{cite web|url=http://www.the-monitor.org/en-gb/reports/2018/yemen/cluster-munition-ban-policy.aspx|title=Yemen Cluster Munition Ban Policy|date=2 August 2018|website=the-monitor.org|access-date=27 September 2018|archive-date=5 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405055054/http://www.the-monitor.org/en-gb/reports/2018/yemen/cluster-munition-ban-policy.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* '''{{COL}}'''<ref name="profile-colombia">{{cite web|url=http://www.the-monitor.org/en-gb/reports/2018/colombia/cluster-munition-ban-policy.aspx|title=Colombia Cluster Munition Ban Policy|date=26 June 2018|website=the-monitor.org|access-date=27 September 2018|archive-date=1 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230601112108/http://www.the-monitor.org/en-gb/reports/2018/colombia/cluster-munition-ban-policy.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://archives.the-monitor.org/index.php/cp/display/region_profiles/theme/2525|title=Colombia Cluster Munition Ban Policy|date=2 September 2013|website=archives.the-monitor.org|access-date=27 September 2018}}</ref>
* {{EGY}}<ref name="profile-egypt">{{cite web|url=http://www.the-monitor.org/en-gb/reports/2018/egypt/cluster-munition-ban-policy.aspx|title=Egypt Cluster Munition Ban Policy|date=2 August 2018|website=the-monitor.org|access-date=27 September 2018|archive-date=6 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406022018/http://www.the-monitor.org/en-gb/reports/2018/egypt/cluster-munition-ban-policy.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="profile-yemen"/>
* '''{{flagicon|Ethiopia|1996}}'''<!-- Note historic flag of Ethiopia to denote when these weapons were used -->/{{ETH}}<ref name="profile-ethiopia">{{cite web|url=http://www.the-monitor.org/en-gb/reports/2018/ethiopia/cluster-munition-ban-policy.aspx|title=Ethiopia Cluster Munition Ban Policy|date=26 June 2018|website=the-monitor.org|access-date=27 September 2018}}</ref>
* {{ERI}}<ref name="profile-eritrea">{{cite web|url=http://www.the-monitor.org/en-gb/reports/2018/eritrea/cluster-munition-ban-policy.aspx|title=Eritrea Cluster Munition Ban Policy|date=26 June 2018|website=the-monitor.org|access-date=27 September 2018|archive-date=5 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405055030/http://www.the-monitor.org/en-gb/reports/2018/eritrea/cluster-munition-ban-policy.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* '''{{FRA}}'''<ref name="profile-france">{{cite web|url=http://www.the-monitor.org/en-gb/reports/2018/france/cluster-munition-ban-policy.aspx|title=France Cluster Munition Ban Policy|date=3 July 2018|website=the-monitor.org|access-date=27 September 2018|archive-date=5 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405055037/http://www.the-monitor.org/en-gb/reports/2018/france/cluster-munition-ban-policy.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* {{GEO}}<ref name="profile-georgia">{{cite web|url=http://www.the-monitor.org/en-gb/reports/2018/georgia/cluster-munition-ban-policy.aspx|title=Georgia Cluster Munition Ban Policy|date=26 June 2018|website=the-monitor.org|access-date=27 September 2018|archive-date=5 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405182757/http://www.the-monitor.org/en-gb/reports/2018/georgia/cluster-munition-ban-policy.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* '''{{flagicon|Ba'athist Iraq}}<!-- Note flag of Ba'athist Iraq to denote when these weapons were used -->/{{IRQ}}'''<ref name="profile-iraq">{{cite web|url=http://www.the-monitor.org/en-gb/reports/2018/iraq/cluster-munition-ban-policy.aspx|title=Iraq Cluster Munition Ban Policy|date=9 July 2018|website=the-monitor.org|access-date=27 September 2018|archive-date=5 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405060624/http://www.the-monitor.org/en-gb/reports/2018/iraq/cluster-munition-ban-policy.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* {{ISR}}<ref name="profile-israel">{{cite web|url=http://www.the-monitor.org/en-gb/reports/2018/israel/cluster-munition-ban-policy.aspx|title=Israel Cluster Munition Ban Policy|date=2 August 2018|website=the-monitor.org|access-date=27 September 2018|archive-date=5 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230605143857/http://www.the-monitor.org/en-gb/reports/2018/israel/cluster-munition-ban-policy.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|Libyan Arab Jamahiriya}}<!-- Note historic flag of Libya to denote when these weapons were used -->/{{LBY}}<ref name="profile-libya">{{cite web|url=http://www.the-monitor.org/en-gb/reports/2018/libya/cluster-munition-ban-policy.aspx|title=Libya Cluster Munition Ban Policy|date=2 August 2018|website=the-monitor.org|access-date=27 September 2018|archive-date=6 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406035931/http://www.the-monitor.org/en-gb/reports/2018/libya/cluster-munition-ban-policy.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* {{MAR}}<ref name="profile-morocco">{{cite web|url=http://www.the-monitor.org/en-gb/reports/2018/morocco/cluster-munition-ban-policy.aspx|title=Morocco Cluster Munition Ban Policy|date=3 July 2018|website=the-monitor.org|access-date=27 September 2018|archive-date=6 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406023533/http://www.the-monitor.org/en-gb/reports/2018/morocco/cluster-munition-ban-policy.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* '''{{NLD}}'''<ref name="profile-netherlands">{{cite web|url=http://www.the-monitor.org/en-gb/reports/2018/netherlands/cluster-munition-ban-policy.aspx|title=Netherlands Cluster Munition Ban Policy|date=8 August 2016|website=the-monitor.org|access-date=27 September 2018|archive-date=5 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405175301/http://www.the-monitor.org/en-gb/reports/2018/netherlands/cluster-munition-ban-policy.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* '''{{NGA}}'''<ref name="profile-nigeria">{{cite web|url=http://www.the-monitor.org/en-gb/reports/2018/nigeria/cluster-munition-ban-policy.aspx|title=Nigeria Cluster Munition Ban Policy|date=2 August 2018|website=the-monitor.org|access-date=27 September 2018|archive-date=5 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405055034/http://www.the-monitor.org/en-gb/reports/2018/nigeria/cluster-munition-ban-policy.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://archives.the-monitor.org/index.php/cp/display/region_profiles/theme/3750|title=Nigeria Cluster Munition Ban Policy|date=12 August 2014|website=archives.the-monitor.org|access-date=27 September 2018}}</ref> <small>(responsibility denied)</small>
* {{RUS}}<ref name="profile-russia">{{cite web|url=http://www.the-monitor.org/en-gb/reports/2018/russian-federation/cluster-munition-ban-policy.aspx|title=Russia Cluster Munition Ban Policy|date=7 August 2018|website=the-monitor.org|access-date=27 September 2018|archive-date=5 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230605125526/http://www.the-monitor.org/en-gb/reports/2018/russian-federation/cluster-munition-ban-policy.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* {{SAU}}<ref name="profile-saudi-arabia">{{cite web|url=http://www.the-monitor.org/en-gb/reports/2018/saudi-arabia/cluster-munition-ban-policy.aspx|title=Saudi Arabia Cluster Munition Ban Policy|date=3 July 2018|website=the-monitor.org|access-date=27 September 2018|archive-date=5 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405055032/http://www.the-monitor.org/en-gb/reports/2018/saudi-arabia/cluster-munition-ban-policy.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* '''{{flagicon|South Africa|1928}}<!-- Note flag of Apartheid South Africa to denote when these weapons were used-->/{{ZAF}}'''<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://uir.unisa.ac.za/bitstream/10500/1475/7/12appendix9a9b.pdf|title=Appendix A to Chapter 9 of the Cassinga Raid|author=Edward McGill Alexander|publisher=[[University of South Africa]]|date=July 2003|access-date=27 September 2018}}</ref>
* '''{{LKA}}'''<ref name="profile-sri-lanka">{{cite web|url=http://www.the-monitor.org/en-gb/reports/2018/sri-lanka/cluster-munition-ban-policy.aspx|title=Sri Lanka Cluster Munition Ban Policy|date=9 July 2018|website=the-monitor.org|access-date=27 September 2018|archive-date=5 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405175216/http://www.the-monitor.org/en-gb/reports/2018/sri-lanka/cluster-munition-ban-policy.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> <small>(responsibility denied)</small>
* {{SDN}}<ref name="profile-sudan">{{cite web|url=http://www.the-monitor.org/en-gb/reports/2018/sudan/cluster-munition-ban-policy.aspx|title=Sudan Cluster Munition Ban Policy|date=9 July 2018|website=the-monitor.org|access-date=27 September 2018|archive-date=5 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405175327/http://www.the-monitor.org/en-gb/reports/2018/sudan/cluster-munition-ban-policy.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* {{SYR}}<ref name="profile-syria">{{cite web|url=http://www.the-monitor.org/en-gb/reports/2018/syria/cluster-munition-ban-policy.aspx|title=Syria Cluster Munition Ban Policy|date=2 August 2018|website=the-monitor.org|access-date=27 September 2018|archive-date=1 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230601113929/http://www.the-monitor.org/en-gb/reports/2018/syria/cluster-munition-ban-policy.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* {{THA}}<ref name="profile-thailand">{{cite web|url=http://www.the-monitor.org/en-gb/reports/2018/thailand/cluster-munition-ban-policy.aspx|title=Thailand Cluster Munition Ban Policy|date=3 July 2018|website=the-monitor.org|access-date=27 September 2018|archive-date=5 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405055023/http://www.the-monitor.org/en-gb/reports/2018/thailand/cluster-munition-ban-policy.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* {{USA}}<ref name="profile-united-states">{{cite web|url=http://www.the-monitor.org/en-gb/reports/2018/united-states/cluster-munition-ban-policy.aspx|title=United States Cluster Munition Ban Policy|date=2 August 2018|website=the-monitor.org|access-date=27 September 2018|archive-date=15 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230715192855/http://www.the-monitor.org/en-gb/reports/2018/united-states/cluster-munition-ban-policy.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* {{UKR}}<ref>{{cite news| last1 = Hudson| first1 = John| last2 = Khurshudyan| first2 = Isabelle| title = Ukraine begins firing U.S.-provided cluster munitions at Russian forces| newspaper = [[Washington Post]]| date = 20 July 2023| url = https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/07/20/cluster-munitions-ukraine-war-russia/| access-date = 21 July 2023}}</ref>
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In addition, at least three countries that no longer exist (the [[Soviet Union]], [[Yugoslavia]]<ref name="hrw-report-2010">{{cite web|url=https://www.hrw.org/report/2010/11/22/meeting-challenge/protecting-civilians-through-convention-cluster-munitions#f1b2c8|title=Meeting the Challenge – I. The Technological Evolution and Early Proliferation and Use of Cluster Munitions|date=22 November 2010|publisher=Human Rights Watch|access-date=27 September 2018}}</ref> and the [[Democratic Republic of Afghanistan]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Wright |first=Lawrence |url=http://archive.org/details/loomingtoweralqa00wrig |title=The looming tower : Al-Qaeda and the road to 9/11 |date=2006 |publisher=New York : Knopf |others=Internet Archive |isbn=978-0-375-41486-2}}</ref>) used cluster bombs. In some cases, the responsibility or even the use of cluster munition is denied by the local government.

===Non-state armed groups===

Very few [[violent non-state actor]]s have used cluster munitions and their delivery systems due to the complexity.<ref name="TheMonitor2019-p15">{{cite book |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=August 2019 |title=Cluster Munition Monitor 2019 |url=http://www.the-monitor.org/media/3047840/Cluster-Munition-Monitor-2019_online.pdf#page=28 |publisher=International Campaign to Ban Landmines – Cluster Munition Coalition |page=15 |isbn=978-2-9701146-5-9 |access-date=2020-03-02 |archive-date=2023-11-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130165115/http://the-monitor.org/media/3047840/Cluster-Munition-Monitor-2019_online.pdf#page=28 |url-status=dead }}</ref> As of August 2019, cluster munitions have been used in conflicts by non-state actors in at least six countries.<ref name="TheMonitor2019-p15" />

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* {{flagdeco|Herzeg-Bosnia}} Croatian militia<ref name="TheMonitor2019-p15" />
* {{flag|Hezbollah}}<ref name="TheMonitor2019-p15" />
* {{flag|Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant}}<ref name="TheMonitor2019-p15" />
* {{flagdeco|Afghanistan|1992}} [[Northern Alliance]]<ref name="TheMonitor2019-p15" />
* {{flagdeco|Republika Srpska (1992–95)}}/{{flagdeco|Republic of Serbian Krajina}} Serbian militia<ref name="TheMonitor2019-p15" />
* {{flagicon image|War Flag of Novorussia.svg}} [[Separatist forces of the war in Donbas]]<ref name="TheMonitor2019-p15" />
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