Editing Internet access (section)

===Network neutrality===
{{Net neutrality}}
{{main |Net neutrality }}

Network neutrality (also net neutrality, Internet neutrality, or net equality) is the principle that Internet service providers and governments should treat all data on the Internet equally, not discriminating or charging differentially by user, content, site, platform, application, type of attached equipment, or mode of communication.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jthtl.org/content/articles/V2I1/JTHTLv2i1_Wu.PDF|title=Network Neutrality, Broadband Discrimination|publisher=Journal on telecom and high tech law|author=Tim Wu|year=2003|access-date=23 Apr 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140424062409/http://www.jthtl.org/content/articles/V2I1/JTHTLv2i1_Wu.PDF|archive-date=2014-04-24}}</ref><ref name=kraemer-def>{{cite journal | last1 = Krämer | first1 = J | last2 = Wiewiorra | first2 = L. | last3 = Weinhardt | first3 = C. | year = 2013 | title = Net Neutrality: A progress report | url = http://www.im.uni-karlsruhe.de/Upload/Publications/336c39b3-7a62-4159-bb1a-483f39dd5b24.pdf | journal = Telecommunications Policy | volume = 37 | issue = 9 | pages = 794–813 | doi = 10.1016/j.telpol.2012.08.005 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150924033749/http://www.im.uni-karlsruhe.de/Upload/Publications/336c39b3-7a62-4159-bb1a-483f39dd5b24.pdf | archive-date = 2015-09-24 | citeseerx = 10.1.1.258.5878 | s2cid = 154892817 }}</ref><ref name="berners-lee-def">{{cite web |url=http://dig.csail.mit.edu/breadcrumbs/node/144 |title=Net Neutrality: This is serious |access-date=26 December 2008 |last=Berners-Lee |first=Tim |author-link=Tim Berners-Lee |date=21 June 2006 |work=timbl's blog |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081227100511/http://dig.csail.mit.edu/breadcrumbs/node/144 |archive-date=27 December 2008 }}</ref><ref name="nn-for-google-users">{{cite web |author=Staff |url= https://www.google.com/help/netneutrality.html |title=A Guide to Net Neutrality for Google Users |access-date=7 December 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-date=1 September 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080901084929/https://www.google.com/help/netneutrality.html }}</ref> Advocates of net neutrality have raised concerns about the ability of broadband providers to use their [[Last mile (telecommunications)|last mile]] infrastructure to block Internet applications and content (e.g. websites, services, and protocols), and even to block out competitors.<ref>Lessig, L. 1999. [http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/works/lessig/www9.pdf Cyberspace’s Architectural Constitution] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141225183518/http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/works/lessig/www9.pdf |date=2014-12-25 }}, draft 1.1, Text of lecture given at www9, Amsterdam, Netherlands</ref> Opponents claim net neutrality regulations would deter investment into improving broadband infrastructure and try to fix something that isn't broken.<ref name="tiaonline.org">[http://www.tiaonline.org/sites/default/files/pages/Internet_ecosystem_letter_FINAL_12.10.14.pdf "Letter to FCC commissioners and U.S. Senate and Congressional leaders expressing strong opposition to proposals to classify broadband as a 'Title II' service from a wide range of technology companies"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150216163709/http://www.tiaonline.org/sites/default/files/pages/Internet_ecosystem_letter_FINAL_12.10.14.pdf |date=2015-02-16 }}, 10 December 2014. Retrieved 23 May 2015.</ref><ref name="chicagotribune.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/opinion/commentary/ct-internet-regulations-fcc-ftc-obama-broadband-perspec-0219-20150218-story.html|title=The Internet isn't broken. Obama doesn't need to 'fix' it.|author=Chicago Tribune|date=18 February 2015|work=chicagotribune.com|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150226173240/http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/opinion/commentary/ct-internet-regulations-fcc-ftc-obama-broadband-perspec-0219-20150218-story.html|archive-date=26 February 2015}}</ref> In April 2017, a recent attempt to compromise [[net neutrality in the United States]] is being considered by the newly appointed FCC chairman, [[Ajit Varadaraj Pai]].<ref name="NYT-20170429">{{cite news |author=The Editorial Board |title=F.C.C. Invokes Internet Freedom While Trying to Kill It |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/29/opinion/sunday/fcc-invokes-internet-freedom-while-trying-to-kill-it.html |date=29 April 2017 |work=[[New York Times]] |access-date=30 April 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170429184910/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/29/opinion/sunday/fcc-invokes-internet-freedom-while-trying-to-kill-it.html |archive-date=29 April 2017 }}</ref> The vote on whether or not to abolish net neutrality was passed on December 14, 2017, and ended in a 3–2 split in favor of abolishing net neutrality.