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== Human spaceflight program == {{Further|JAXA Astronaut Corps|Kibō (ISS module)}} [[File:Sts-47-patch.png|thumb|right|The ''Spacelab-J'' shuttle flight, funded by Japan, included several tons of Japanese science research equipment.]] Japan has ten astronauts but has not yet developed its own crewed spacecraft and is not currently developing one officially. A potentially crewed [[spaceplane]] [[HOPE-X]] project launched by the conventional space launcher [[H-II]] was developed for several years (including test flights of [[HYFLEX]]/[[OREX]] prototypes) but was postponed. The simpler crewed capsule [[Fuji (Spacecraft)|Fuji]] was proposed but not adopted. Projects for [[single-stage-to-orbit]], horizontal takeoff [[reusable launch vehicle]] and landing ASSTS{{citation needed|date=June 2022}} and the [[VTOL|vertical takeoff and landing]] [[Kankoh-maru]] also exist but have not been adopted. The first Japanese citizen to fly in space was [[Toyohiro Akiyama]], a journalist sponsored by [[Tokyo Broadcasting System|TBS]], who flew on the [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] [[Soyuz TM-11]] in December 1990. He spent more than seven days in space on the [[Mir]] space station, in what the Soviets called their first commercial spaceflight which allowed them to earn $14 million. Japan participates in US and international crewed space programs including flights of Japanese astronauts on Russian [[Soyuz (spacecraft)|Soyuz]] spacecraft to the [[International Space Station|ISS]]. One Space Shuttle mission ([[STS-47]]) in September 1992 was partially funded by Japan. This flight included JAXA's first astronaut in space, [[Mamoru Mohri]], as the Payload Specialist for the Spacelab-J, one of the European built [[Spacelab]] modules. This mission was also designated ''Japan''. [[File:Kibo completed view1.jpg|thumb|A view of the completed ''[[Kibō (ISS module)|Kibō]]'' module of the ISS]] Three other NASA Space Shuttle missions ([[STS-123]], [[STS-124]], [[STS-127]]) in 2008–2009 delivered parts of the Japanese built spacelab-module ''[[Kibō (ISS module)|Kibō]]'' to ISS. Japanese plans for a crewed lunar landing were in development but were shelved in early 2010 due to budget constraints.<ref>McPherson, S. (23 March 2010). Japan Decides Manned Mission to Moon Too Expensive, Nikkei Says. Retrieved from {{cite web |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=a3mPhCZElfw8 |title=- Bloomberg |website=[[Bloomberg News]] |access-date=2017-09-01 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150916205622/http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive |archive-date=16 September 2015 }}</ref> In June 2014, Japan's science and technology ministry said it was considering a space mission to [[Mars]]. In a ministry paper it indicated uncrewed exploration, crewed missions to Mars and long-term settlement on the [[Moon]] were objectives, for which international cooperation and support was going to be sought.<ref name="JapanMars">{{cite news|title=Japanese hope to build on Mars|url=http://www.thetokyonews.net/index.php/sid/222518461/scat/c4f2dd8ca8c78044/ht/Japanese-hope-to-build-on-Mars|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140602122652/http://www.thetokyonews.net/index.php/sid/222518461/scat/c4f2dd8ca8c78044/ht/Japanese-hope-to-build-on-Mars|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 June 2014|access-date=2 June 2014|publisher=The Tokyo News.Net}}</ref> On 18 October 2017, JAXA discovered a "tunnel"-like [[lava tube]] under the surface of the Moon .<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/news/20171018_27/ |title=Kaguya data suggest large cavity inside moon – News – NHK WORLD – English |access-date=18 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018191831/https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/news/20171018_27/ |archive-date=18 October 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref>{{failed verification|date=November 2020}}<!-- archived page looks blank --> The tunnel appears to be suitable as a location for a base of operations for peaceful crewed space missions, according to JAXA.
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