Editing Jamaica (section)

==Culture==
{{Main|Culture of Jamaica}}
[[File:Bob-Marley-in-Concert Zurich 05-30-80.jpg|thumb|left|[[Bob Marley]], one of the most famous reggae artists from Jamaica]]

===Music===
{{Main|Music of Jamaica}}
Jamaican culture has a strong global presence. The musical genres [[reggae]], [[ska]], [[mento]], [[rocksteady]], [[Dub music|dub]], and, more recently, [[dancehall]] and [[ragga]] all originated in the island's vibrant, popular urban recording industry.<ref>Dave Thompson (2002) ''Reggae and Caribbean Music''. Backbeat Books. p. 261. {{ISBN|0879306556}}.</ref> These have themselves gone on to influence numerous other genres, such as [[punk rock]] (through reggae and ska), [[dub poetry]], [[New wave music|New Wave]], [[2 Tone (music genre)|two-tone]], [[lovers rock]], [[reggaeton]], [[Oldschool jungle|jungle]], [[drum and bass]], [[dubstep]], [[Grime (music genre)|grime]] and American [[Hip hop music|rap]] music. Some rappers, such as [[The Notorious B.I.G.]], [[Busta Rhymes]], and [[Heavy D]], are of Jamaican descent.

[[Bob Marley]] is probably the best known Jamaican musician; with his band [[the Wailers]] he had a string of hits in 1960s–70s, popularising reggae internationally and going on to sell millions of records.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.biography.com/news/bob-marley-biography-facts |title=7 Fascinating Facts About Bob Marley |access-date=10 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010155428/https://www.biography.com/news/bob-marley-biography-facts |archive-date=10 October 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Toynbee2013">{{cite book |first=Jason |last=Toynbee |title=Bob Marley: Herald of a Postcolonial World |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BkDohE6Qd3oC&pg=PA1969 |access-date=23 August 2013 |date=8 May 2013 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-0-7456-5737-0 |pages=1969– |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131012235034/http://books.google.com/books?id=BkDohE6Qd3oC&pg=PA1969 |archive-date=12 October 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> Many other internationally known artists were born in Jamaica, including [[Toots Hibbert]], [[Millie Small]], [[Lee "Scratch" Perry]], [[Gregory Isaacs]], [[Half Pint]], [[Protoje]], [[Peter Tosh]], [[Bunny Wailer]], [[Big Youth]], [[Jimmy Cliff]], [[Dennis Brown]], [[Desmond Dekker]], [[Beres Hammond]], [[Beenie Man]], [[Shaggy (musician)|Shaggy]], [[Grace Jones]], [[Shabba Ranks]], [[Super Cat]], [[Buju Banton]], [[Sean Paul]], [[I Wayne]], [[Bounty Killer]] and many others. Bands that came from Jamaica include [[Black Uhuru]], [[Third World Band]], [[Inner Circle (reggae band)|Inner Circle]], [[Chalice Reggae Band]], [[Culture (band)|Culture]], Fab Five and [[Morgan Heritage]].

===Literature===
{{Main|Jamaican literature}}

The journalist and author [[H. G. de Lisser]] used his native country as the setting for his many novels.<ref name=Hughes>Michael Hughes, "De Lisser, Herbert G.", ''A Companion to West Indian Literature'', Collins, 1979, pp. 40–42.</ref> Born in [[Falmouth, Jamaica]], de Lisser worked as a reporter for the ''[[Jamaica Times]]'' at a young age and in 1920 began publishing the magazine ''[[Planters' Punch]]''. ''The White Witch of Rosehall'' is one of his better-known novels. He was named Honorary President of the Jamaican Press Association; he worked throughout his professional career to promote the Jamaican sugar industry.

[[Roger Mais]], a journalist, poet, and playwright wrote many short stories, plays, and novels, including ''The Hills Were Joyful Together'' (1953), ''Brother Man'' (1954), and ''Black Lightning'' (1955).<ref name="Hawthorne 7">Hawthorne, Evelyn J. "The Writer and the Nationalist Model", ''Roger Mais and the Decolonization of Caribbean Culture'', NY: Peter Lang, 1989, p. 7.</ref>

[[Ian Fleming]], who had a home in Jamaica where he spent considerable time, repeatedly used the island as a setting in his [[James Bond]] novels, including ''[[Live and Let Die (novel)|Live and Let Die]]'', ''[[Dr. No (novel)|Doctor No]]'', "[[For Your Eyes Only (short story)|For Your Eyes Only]]", ''[[The Man with the Golden Gun (novel)|The Man with the Golden Gun]]'', and ''[[Octopussy and The Living Daylights]]''.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ian Fleming International Airport opened in Jamaica!|url=http://www.ianfleming.com/pages/news/index.asp?NewsID=128|work=News & Press|publisher=[[Ian Fleming Publications]]|access-date=14 December 2011|date=17 January 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120722035913/http://www.ianfleming.com/pages/news/index.asp?NewsID=128|archive-date=22 July 2012}}</ref>

[[Marlon James (novelist)|Marlon James]] (1970), novelist has published three novels: ''John Crow's Devil'' (2005), ''[[The Book of Night Women]]'' (2009) and ''[[A Brief History of Seven Killings]]'' (2014), winner of the 2015 [[Man Booker Prize]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/15/magazine/from-jamaica-to-minnesota-to-myself.html|title=From Jamaica to Minnesota to Myself|last=James|first=Marlon|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=10 March 2015|access-date=27 June 2018|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731160335/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/15/magazine/from-jamaica-to-minnesota-to-myself.html|archive-date=31 July 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Film===
{{See also|List of Jamaican films}}
Jamaica has a history in the film industry dating from the early 1960s. A look at delinquent youth in Jamaica is presented in the 1970s musical crime film ''[[The Harder They Come]]'', starring [[Jimmy Cliff]] as a frustrated (and [[psychopathic]]) reggae musician who descends into a murderous crime spree.<ref>Kenner, Rob (2009) "[https://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/21/movies/21rhone.html Trevor Rhone, a Writer of 'The Harder They Come,' Dies at 69] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190730222733/https://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/21/movies/21rhone.html |date=30 July 2019 }}", ''[[The New York Times]]'', 21 September 2009, retrieved 11 November 2012</ref> Other notable Jamaican films include ''[[Countryman (film)|Countryman]]'', ''[[Rockers (1978 film)|Rockers]]'', ''[[Dancehall Queen]]'', ''[[One Love (2003 film)|One Love]]'', ''[[Shottas]]'', ''[[Out the Gate (film)|Out the Gate]]'', ''[[Third World Cop]]'' and ''[[Kingston Paradise]]''. Jamaica is also often used as a filming location, such as the James Bond film ''[[Dr. No (film)|Dr. No]]'' (1962), [[Papillon (1973 film)|''Papillon'']] (1973) starring [[Steve McQueen]], ''[[Cocktail (1988 film)|Cocktail]]'' (1988) starring [[Tom Cruise]], and the 1993 Disney comedy ''[[Cool Runnings]]'', which is loosely based on the true story of Jamaica's first bobsled team trying to make it in the Winter Olympics.

===Cuisine===
{{Main|Jamaican cuisine}}
[[File:Curry Goat with rice and peas (in this case kidney beans).jpg|thumb|right|Jamaican [[curry goat]] with [[rice and peas]]]]
The island is famous for its [[Jamaican jerk spice]], [[curry|curries]] and [[rice and peas]] which is integral to Jamaican cuisine. Jamaica is also home to [[Red Stripe]] beer and [[Jamaican Blue Mountain Coffee]].

===National symbols===
(''From the [[Jamaica Information Service]]'')<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jis.gov.jm/special_sections/This%20Is%20Jamaica/symbols.html |title=National Symbols of Jamaica |publisher=Jis.gov.jm |date=6 August 1962 |access-date=26 June 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060619153047/http://www.jis.gov.jm/special_sections/This%20Is%20Jamaica/symbols.html |archive-date=19 June 2006 }}</ref>
* National bird: [[red-billed streamertail]] (also called doctor bird) (a [[hummingbird]], ''Trochilus polytmus'')
* National flower – [[lignum vitae]] (''Guiacum officinale'')
* National tree: [[Hibiscus elatus|blue mahoe]] (''Hibiscus elatus'')
* National fruit: [[ackee]] (''Blighia sapida'')
* National motto: "Out of Many, One People."
[[File:Jamaica motto.jpg|thumb|Jamaica motto on a building at Papine High School in Kingston, Jamaica]]

===Sport===
{{Main|Sport in Jamaica}}

Sport is an integral part of national life in Jamaica and the island's athletes tend to perform to a standard well above what might ordinarily be expected of such a small country.<ref name="track"/> While the most popular local sport is [[cricket]], on the international stage Jamaicans have tended to do particularly well at [[track and field athletics]].<ref name=track /><ref name="jamsports">{{cite web|title=Jamaican Sports An Overview|url=http://www.jamaicans.com/culture/sports/cricketjamaica.shtml|publisher=My Island Jamaica|access-date=11 October 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101129180138/http://www.jamaicans.com/culture/sports/cricketjamaica.shtml|archive-date=29 November 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The country was one of the venues of [[2007 Cricket World Cup]] and the [[West Indies cricket team]] is one of 12 [[International Cricket Council|ICC]] full member teams that participate in international [[Test cricket]].<ref name="cricket">{{cite web|title=Test and ODI cricket playing nations|url=http://www.cricinfo.com/rankings/content/current/page/211271.html|publisher=Cricinfo|access-date=11 October 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101108101831/http://www.cricinfo.com/rankings/content/current/page/211271.html|archive-date=8 November 2010|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Jamaica national cricket team]] competes regionally, and also provides players for the West Indies team. [[Sabina Park]] is the only Test venue in the island, but the [[Greenfield Stadium (Trelawny)|Greenfield Stadium]] is also used for cricket.<ref name="cricketgrounds">{{cite web|title=Cricket Ground Information|url=http://www.windiesonline.com/west_indies_cricket_grounds|publisher=Windies Online|access-date=11 October 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511195543/http://www.windiesonline.com/west_indies_cricket_grounds|archive-date=11 May 2011|url-status=usurped}}</ref><ref name="Greenfield">{{cite web|title=Greenfield Stadium|url=http://www.surfindia.com/cricket/greenfield-stadium.html|publisher=Surf India|access-date=11 October 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090803064555/http://www.surfindia.com/cricket/greenfield-stadium.html|archive-date=3 August 2009|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:Usain Bolt after 200 m final Beijing 2015.jpg|180px|thumb|[[Usain Bolt]] is widely considered the greatest sprinter of all time.]]

Since independence, Jamaica has consistently produced world-class athletes in track and field.<ref name=track /> Over the past six decades Jamaica has produced dozens of world-class sprinters, including Olympic and world champion [[Usain Bolt]], world record holder in the 100&nbsp;m for men at 9.58s, and 200&nbsp;m for men at 19.19s. Other noteworthy Jamaican sprinters are [[Arthur Wint]], the first Jamaican Olympic gold medalist; [[Donald Quarrie]], [[Elaine Thompson]] double Olympic champion from Rio 2016 in the 100&nbsp;m and 200&nbsp;m, Olympic champion and former 200&nbsp;m world record holder; [[Roy Anthony Bridge]], part of the International Olympic Committee; [[Merlene Ottey]]; [[Delloreen Ennis-London]]; [[Shelly-Ann Fraser|Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce]], the former world and two-time Olympic 100&nbsp;m champion; [[Kerron Stewart]]; [[Aleen Bailey]]; [[Juliet Cuthbert]]; three-time Olympic gold medalist; [[Veronica Campbell-Brown]]; [[Sherone Simpson]]; [[Brigitte Foster-Hylton]]; [[Yohan Blake]]; [[Herb McKenley]]; [[George Rhoden]], Olympic gold medalist; [[Deon Hemmings]], Olympic gold medalist; as well as [[Asafa Powell]], former 100&nbsp;m world record holder and two-time 100&nbsp;m Olympic finalist and gold medal winner in the men's 2008 Olympic {{nowrap|4 × 100 m}}. American Olympic winner [[Sanya Richards-Ross]] was also born in Jamaica.

[[Association football]] and [[horse-racing]] are other popular sports in Jamaica. The [[Jamaica National Football Team|national football team]] qualified for the [[1998 FIFA World Cup|1998]] [[FIFA World Cup]]. Horse racing was Jamaica's first sport. Today, horse racing provides jobs for about 20,000 people including horse breeders, groomers, and trainers. Also, several Jamaicans are known internationally for their success in horse racing including Richard DePass, who once held the Guinness Book of World Records for the most wins in a day, Canadian awards winner George HoSang, and American award winners Charlie Hussey, Andrew Ramgeet, and Barrington Harvey.<ref>{{cite news |last=Tortello |first=Rebecca |title=Jamaican Horse racing History: The sport of kings |url=http://old.jamaica-gleaner.com/pages/history/story0078.html |work=Jamaica Gleaner |location=Jamaica |access-date=22 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190207044649/http://old.jamaica-gleaner.com/pages/history/story0078.html |archive-date=7 February 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Race car driving is also a popular sport in Jamaica with several car racing tracks and racing associations across the country.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Graham |first=Neville |date=14 April 2017 |title=New Cars To Light Up Dover |url=http://jamaica-gleaner.com/article/sports/20170415/new-cars-light-dover |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190124102110/http://jamaica-gleaner.com/article/sports/20170415/new-cars-light-dover |archive-date=24 January 2019 |access-date=22 January 2019 |work=Jamaica Gleaner |location=Jamaica}}</ref>

The [[Jamaica national bobsled team]] was once a serious contender in the [[Winter Olympics]], beating many well-established teams. Chess and basketball are widely played in Jamaica and are supported by the Jamaica Chess Federation (JCF) and the Jamaica Basketball Federation (JBF), respectively. [[Netball]] is also very popular on the island, with the [[Jamaica national netball team]] called The Sunshine Girls consistently ranking in the top five in the world.<ref>{{cite web |author=IFNA |title=Current World Rankings |url=http://www.netball.org/thrilling-world-class-events/current-world-rankings |access-date=3 November 2013 |author-link=International Federation of Netball Associations |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161203014509/http://www.netball.org/thrilling-world-class-events/current-world-rankings |archive-date=3 December 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

[[Rugby league]] has been played in Jamaica since 2006.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://rugbyleaguejamaica.com/history/|title=Jamaica Rugby league History|access-date=7 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191002122248/http://rugbyleaguejamaica.com/history/|archive-date=2 October 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
The [[Jamaica national rugby league team]] is made up of players who play in Jamaica and from [[United Kingdom|UK]] based professional and semi professional clubs (notably in the [[Super League]] and [[Championship (rugby league)|Championship]]). In November 2018 for the first time ever, the Jamaican rugby league team qualified for the [[Rugby League World Cup]] after defeating the [[United States national rugby league team|USA]] and [[Canada national rugby league team|Canada]]. Jamaica will play in the [[2021 Rugby League World Cup]] in England.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/rugby-league/46250413 |title=Rugby League World Cup: Jamaica reach tournament for first time |work=BBC Sport |date=17 November 2018 |access-date=19 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119221352/https://www.bbc.com/sport/rugby-league/46250413 |archive-date=19 November 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>

According to [[ESPN]], the highest paid Jamaican professional athlete in 2011 was [[Justin Masterson]], starting pitcher for the baseball team [[Cleveland Indians]] in the United States.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.espn.com/espn/story/_/id/7858737/floyd-mayweather-united-states-best-paid-athlete-espn-magazine |title=Best-paid athletes from 200 countries |work=[[ESPN]] |date=4 May 2012 |access-date=4 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120504192643/http://espn.go.com/espn/story/_/id/7858737/floyd-mayweather-united-states-best-paid-athlete-espn-magazine |archive-date=4 May 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref>