Editing Alliterative verse (section)

== Modern revival (alliterative verse in contemporary English) ==
The late 18th and early 19th century rediscovery of the deep past set the stage for the revival of English alliterative verse. In 1786, Sir William, in a speech to the Asiatic Society of Calcutta, demonstrated that Sanskrit, the holy language of India, was related to Latin, Greek, and most of the European languages, which must therefore all be descended from a common ancestor.<ref>{{cite book |doi=10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199532001.001.0001 |title=Orientalist Jones: Sir William Jones, Poet, Lawyer, and Linguist, 1746-1794 |date=2011 |last1=Franklin |first1=Michael J. |isbn=978-0-19-953200-1 }}</ref> Between 1780 and 1840, scholars rediscovered long-forgotten manuscripts in monasteries and private libraries, leading to the rediscovery of forgotten literatures and the worlds they were associated with—for example, [[Beowulf]], the [[Poetic Edda]], the [[Nibelungenlied]], and the oral traditions compiled in the [[Kalevala]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Leerssen |first1=Joep |title=Literary Historicism: Romanticism, Philologists, and the Presence of the Past |journal=Modern Language Quarterly |date=1 June 2004 |volume=65 |issue=2 |pages=221–244 |doi=10.1215/00267929-65-2-221 |s2cid=116955875 |url=https://dare.uva.nl/personal/pure/en/publications/literary-historicism-romanticism-philologistst-and-the-presence-of-the-past(edcea901-bddd-4039-a225-32b244482358).html }}</ref> These discoveries had a huge impact, not only literary, but political, as the recovery of national literatures helped to support emergent nationalism, in Germany, Finland, and elsewhere.<ref>{{cite book |doi=10.1515/9781845458652-008 |chapter=The Institutionalisation and Nationalisation of Literature in Nineteenth-century Europe |title=Narrating the Nation |date=2022 |last1=Neubauer |first1=John |pages=97–116 |isbn=978-1-84545-865-2 }}</ref> This led, in turn, to the self-conscious revival of ancient forms, most notably in [[William Morris]]' romantic fantasies and [[Richard Wagner|Wagner]]'s use of ''stabreim'', or alliterative verse, in the libretto for his opera series, the ''[[Der Ring des Nibelungen|Ring of the Nibelungs]]''.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Lindenberger |first1=Herbert |title=Wagner's Ring as Nineteenth-Century Artifact |journal=Comparative Drama |date=1994 |volume=28 |issue=3 |pages=285–310 |doi=10.1353/cdr.1994.0025 |s2cid=190285747 }}</ref> Wagner's ''Ring'' electrified a generation—including budding scholars like C. S. Lewis<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Karchmer |first1=Sylvan N. |last2=DiGaetani |first2=John Louis |title=Penetrating Wagner's Ring: An Anthology |journal=The South Central Bulletin |date=1979 |volume=39 |issue=2 |pages=43 |doi=10.2307/3187174 |jstor=3187174 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Feinendegen |first1=Norbert |title=Which Image Triggered C. S. Lewis's Enthusiasm for Wagner's Ring Cycle? |journal=Sehnsucht |date=May 2023 |volume=16 |issue=1 |doi=10.55221/1940-5537.1264 |s2cid=258546387 |doi-access=free }}</ref> The romantic view of the ancient North, expressed not only by Wagner but by Morris and other English romantics, led to an increasing interest in alliterative verse.<ref name="Wilson Wise 2021 22–54"/><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Johnson |first1=Jeffrey C. |title=Michael Ferber , Romanticism: A Very Short Introduction (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010), pp. xvi + 148. £7.99/$11.95 paperback. 9780199568918 |journal=Romanticism |date=April 2012 |volume=18 |issue=1 |pages=121–122 |doi=10.3366/rom.2012.0073 }}</ref>

=== Alliterative verse in modernist poetics ===
The rediscovery of alliterative verse played a role in the modernist rebellion against traditional poetic forms,<ref name="auto1">{{cite thesis |last=Shapiro |first=Michael Marc |title=Buried rhythm: The alliterative tradition in 19th and 20th century poetry |year=1998 |id={{ProQuest|304426484}} |oclc=40517594 }}{{page needed|date=December 2023}}</ref> most notably in Ezra Pound's Cantos (e.g., Canto I).<ref>{{cite book |last1=Byron |first1=Mark |chapter=Bibliographic Technography: Ezra Pound's Cantos as Philological Machine |pages=153–165 |editor1-last=Trotter |editor1-first=David |editor2-last=Pryor |editor2-first=Sean |editor3-last=Trorrer |editor3-first=David |title=Writing, Medium, Machine: Modern Technographies |date=2016 |publisher=Open Humanities Press |isbn=978-1-78542-018-4 |url=http://www.openhumanitiespress.org/books/titles/writing-medium-machine/ }}</ref> Multiple modernist poets experimented with alliterative verse, including W.H. Auden in ''[[The Age of Anxiety]]'',<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Phelpstead |first=Carl |date=2004 |title=Auden and the Inklings: An Alliterative Revival |journal=The Journal of English and Germanic Philology |volume=103 |issue=4 |pages=433–457 |jstor=27712458 }}</ref> [[Richard Eberhart]] in ''Brotherhood of Men'',<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Mizener |first1=Arthur |title=The White Cliffs of Dover Revisited |journal=Poetry |date=1949 |volume=74 |issue=3 |pages=172–174 |jstor=20590908 }}</ref> and later, [[Richard Wilbur]] and [[Ted Hughes]].<ref name="auto1"/> However, these experiments are experiments more with the idea of alliterative verse than with traditional alliterative meters.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Brooke-Rose |first1=Christine |title=Notes on the Metre of Auden's 'The Age of Anxiety' |journal=Essays in Criticism |date=1963 |volume=XIII |issue=3 |pages=253–264 |doi=10.1093/eic/xiii.3.253 }}</ref> For instance, many of the following lines from ''[[The Age of Anxiety]]'' violate basic principles of alliterative meter, such as placing stress and alliteration on grammatical function words like "yes" and "you":<poem style="margin-left: 2em">
<u>'''D'''</u>eep in my <u>'''d'''</u>ark. {{pad|1em}} the <u>'''d'''</u>ream shines
<u>'''Y'''</u>es, of <u>'''y'''</u>ou {{pad|1em}} <u>'''y'''</u>ou dear always;
My <u>'''c'''</u>ause to <u>'''c'''</u>ry, {{pad|1em}} <u>'''c'''</u>old but my
<u>'''St'''</u>ory <u>'''st'''</u>ill, {{pad|1em}} <u>'''st'''</u>ill my music.
<u>'''M'''</u>ild rose the <u>'''m'''</u>oon, {{pad|1em}} <u>'''m'''</u>oving through our
<u>'''N'''</u>aked <u>'''n'''</u>ights: {{pad|1em}} to<u>'''n'''</u>ight it rains;
<u>'''B'''</u>lack um<u>'''b'''</u>rellas: {{pad|1em}} <u>'''b'''</u>lossom out;
<u>'''G'''</u>one the <u>'''g'''</u>old, {{pad|1em}} my <u>'''g'''</u>olden ball. 
...
</poem>[[Richard Wilbur]]'s ''Junk'' comes closer to matching alliterative rhythms, but freely alliterates on the fourth stress, sometimes alliterating all four stresses in the same line (which an Old English poet would not, and a Middle English poet only rarely do), as in the poem's opening lines:<poem style="margin-left: 2em">
An <u>'''a'''</u>xe <u>'''a'''</u>ngles {{pad|1em}} from my neighbor's <u>'''a'''</u>shcan;
It is <u>'''h'''</u>ell's <u>'''h'''</u>andiwork, {{pad|1em}} the wood not <u>'''h'''</u>ickory.
The <u>'''f'''</u>low of the grain {{pad|1em}} not <u>'''f'''</u>aithfully <u>'''f'''</u>ollowed.
The <u>'''sh'''</u>ivered <u>'''sh'''</u>aft {{pad|1em}} rises from a <u>'''sh'''</u>ellheap
Of <u>'''p'''</u>lastic <u>'''p'''</u>laythings, {{pad|1em}} <u>'''p'''</u>aper <u>'''p'''</u>lates.
...
</poem>In his 1978 article on the potential of alliterative meter as a form in modern English, [[John Niles (scholar)|John D. Niles]] characterizes these experiments as essentially one-offs, rather than as part of an ongoing tradition.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Niles |first1=John D. |title=The Old Alliterative Verse Form as a Medium for Poetry |journal=Mosaic |date=1978 |volume=11 |issue=4 |pages=19–33 |id={{ProQuest|1300045168}} |jstor=24777593 }}</ref>

=== The Inklings as alliterative poets ===
A rather different approach to reviving alliterative verse appears in the work of the so-called [[The Inklings|Inklings]], specifically, [[J. R. R. Tolkien]] and [[C. S. Lewis]]. Both were medievalist scholars, and as such, were familiar with alliterative metrics. Both of them made serious attempts to use and advocate the use of traditional alliterative forms in modern English (though many of Tolkien's alliterative poems were not published until long after his death).<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Phelpstead |first1=Carl |title=Auden and the Inklings: An Alliterative Revival |journal=The Journal of English and Germanic Philology |date=2004 |volume=103 |issue=4 |pages=433–457 |id={{Gale|A406902282}} |jstor=27712458 }}</ref><ref name="A Tale of Two Essays: The Inklings">{{cite journal |last1=Wise |first1=Dennis Wilson |title=A Tale of Two Essays: The Inklings on the Alliterative Meter |journal=Notes and Queries |date=26 August 2023 |volume=70 |issue=4 |pages=310–312 |doi=10.1093/notesj/gjad066 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Goering |first1=Nelson |title=The Fall of Arthur and The Legend of Sigurd and Gudrún: A Metrical Review of Three Modern English Alliterative Poems |journal=Journal of Inklings Studies |date=2015 |volume=5 |issue=2 |pages=3–56 |doi=10.3366/ink.2015.5.2.2 |jstor=45387203 }}</ref><ref>{{cite thesis |last1=Gupta |first1=Rahul |title='The Tale of the Tribe': The Twentieth-Century Alliterative Revival |date=September 2014 |url=https://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/8521/ }}{{page needed|date=December 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Wise |first1=Dennis Wilson |title=Dating 'Sweet Desire': C. S. Lewis's education in alliterative poetics |journal=English Text Construction |date=17 November 2023 |volume=16 |issue=1 |pages=82–108 |doi=10.1075/etc.22017.wis |s2cid=265289279 }}</ref>

==== J. R. R. Tolkien ====
{{further|List of Tolkien's alliterative verse|Poetry in The Lord of the Rings}}

[[J. R. R. Tolkien]] (1892–1973) was a scholar of [[Old English|Old]] and [[Middle English]] as well as a fantasy author<ref>{{cite book |last=Carpenter |first=Humphrey |author-link=Humphrey Carpenter |title=Tolkien: A Biography |title-link=J. R. R. Tolkien: A Biography |publisher=[[Ballantine Books]] |location=New York |year=1977 |isbn=978-0-04928-037-3 |pages=111, 200, 266 and throughout}}</ref> and [[List of Tolkien's alliterative verse|used alliterative verse extensively]] in both translations and original poetry; some of his [[Poetry in The Lord of the Rings|poems are embedded in the text]] of his fantasy novel ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]''. Most of his alliterative verse is in modern English, in a variety of styles. Tolkien's longest modern English works in Old English alliterative meter are an alliterative verse play,  ''[[The Homecoming of Beorhtnoth Beorhthelm's Son]]'' describing the aftermath of the [[Battle of Maldon]], published in 1953, his 2276-line ''[[The Lay of the Children of Húrin]]'' (c. 1918–1925), published in 1985, and his thousand-line fragment on the [[Matter of Britain]], [[The Fall of Arthur]],<ref>Tolkien, John Ronald Reuel. ''The Fall of Arthur''. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2013.{{page needed|date=December 2023}}</ref> published in 2013.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Smol |first1=Anna |last2=Foster |first2=Rebecca |year=2021 |title=J.R.R. Tolkien's 'Homecoming' and Modern Alliterative Metre |journal=[[Journal of Tolkien Research]] |volume=12 |issue=1 |at=Article 3 |url=https://scholar.valpo.edu/journaloftolkienresearch/vol12/iss1/3 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Clark |first=George |title=J. R. R. Tolkien and His Literary Resonances: Views of Middle-earth |date=2000 |publisher=Greenwood Press |location=Westport, CT |pages=39–51 |editor=George Clark and Daniel Timmons}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Shippey |first=Tom A. |title=Roots and Branches: Selected Papers on Tolkien |date=2007 |publisher=[[Walking Tree Publishers]] |location=Zurich and Berne |pages=323–339 |author-link=Tom Shippey}}</ref> He also experimented with alliterative verse based on the [[Poetic Edda]] (e.g., the ''[[Völsungasaga]]'' and ''[[Atlakviða]])'' in ''[[The Legend of Sigurd and Gudrun]]'' (2009).<ref>{{cite book |last1=Tolkien |first1=J. R. R. |last2=Tolkien |first2=Christopher |title=The legend of Sigurd and Gudrún |publisher=Houghton Mifflin Harcourt |publication-place=Boston |date=2009 |isbn=978-0-547-27342-6 |oclc=310224953}}</ref> His [[Gothic language|Gothic]] ''poem [[Bagme Bloma]]'' ("Flower of the Trees") uses a trochaic metre, with irregular end-rhymes and irregular alliteration in each line; it was published in the 1936 ''[[Songs for the Philologists]]''.<ref>Tolkien, J. R. R. ''[[Songs for the Philologists]]''. Privately printed in the Department of English, [[University College London]], 1936.{{page needed|date=December 2023}}</ref> He also wrote a variety of alliterative poems in Old English. A version of these appears in "[[The Notion Club Papers]]".<ref name="NCP">{{ME-ref|SD}}, "[[The Notion Club Papers]]"</ref> His alliterative verse translations of Old English and Middle English alliterative poems include some 600 lines of ''[[Beowulf]]'',<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Acocella |first=Joan |date=2 June 2014 |title=Slaying Monsters: Tolkien's 'Beowulf' |url=http://www.newyorker.com/arts/critics/books/2014/06/02/140602crbo_books_acocella?currentPage=all |magazine=[[The New Yorker]] |access-date=2 June 2014}}</ref> portions of [[The Seafarer (poem)|''The Seafarer'']],<ref>{{cite book |doi=10.1002/9781119691457.ch3 |chapter=Tolkien as Editor |title=A Companion to J. R. R. Tolkien |date=2022 |last1=Shippey |first1=Tom |pages=34–47 |isbn=978-1-119-69140-2 }}</ref> and a complete translation of ''[[Sir Gawain and the Green Knight]]''.<ref>{{cite report |last1=Volkonskaya |first1=M. A. |title=Translator and Language Change: On J.R.R. Tolkien's Translation of ''Sir Gawain and the Green Knight'' |date=2015 |url=https://publications.hse.ru/en/preprints/163150386 |doi=10.2139/ssrn.2674100 |ssrn=2674100 |s2cid=54805306 |url-access=subscription }}</ref>

Tolkien's original alliterative verse follows the rules for Old English alliterative verse, as can be seen in the following lines from ''[[The Homecoming of Beorhtnoth Beorhthelm's Son]]'':<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Smol |first1=Anna |last2=Foster |first2=Rebecca |title=J.R.R. Tolkien's "Homecoming" and Modern Alliterative Metre |journal=Journal of Tolkien Research |date=21 May 2021 |volume=12 |issue=1 |id={{Gale|A666511744}} |url=https://scholar.valpo.edu/journaloftolkienresearch/vol12/iss1/3/ }}</ref>

<poem style="margin-left: 2em">
{{pad|1em}}{{pad|1em}}{{pad|1em}}{{pad|1em}}{{pad|1em}}{{pad|1em}}{{pad|1em}}{{pad|1em}}{{pad|1em}}{{pad|1em}} To the left yonder
There's a <u>'''sh'''</u>ade creeping, {{pad|1em}} a <u>'''sh'''</u>adow darker
than the <u>'''w'''</u>estern sky, {{pad|1em}} there <u>'''w'''</u>alking crouched!
<u>'''T'''</u>wo now together! {{pad|1em}} <u>'''T'''</u>roll-shapes, I guess
or <u>'''h'''</u>ell-walkers. {{pad|1em}} They've a <u>'''h'''</u>alting gait,
<u>'''g'''</u>roping <u>'''g'''</u>roundwards {{pad|1em}} with <u>'''g'''</u>risly arms.
</poem>

==== C. S. Lewis ====

Like Tolkien, [[C. S. Lewis]] (1898–1963) taught at [[Oxford University]], where he was Fellow and Tutor in English Literature at [[Magdalen College, Oxford|Magdalen College]]. He was later a full Professor at [[Cambridge University]]. He is best known for his work as a [[Literary criticism|literary critic]]<ref>Walsh, Chad. ''The literary legacy of CS Lewis''. Wipf and Stock Publishers, 2008.{{page needed|date=December 2023}}</ref> and Christian [[Apologetics|apologist]],<ref>Cunningham, Richard B. ''CS Lewis: Defender of the Faith: Defender of the Faith''. Wipf and Stock Publishers, 2008.{{page needed|date=December 2023}}</ref> but he also wrote a variety of modern English poems in Old English alliterative meter. His alliterative poetry includes "Sweet Desire" and "The Planets" in his collected Poems<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lewis |first=Clive Staples |title=Poems |publisher=Houghton Mifflin Harcourt |year=2002}}</ref>  and the 742-line poem "The Nameless Isle" in his ''Narrative Poems''.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lewis |first=Clive Staples |title=Narrative Poems |publisher=Harper Collins |year=1972}}</ref> He also wrote an article on the use of alliterative meter in modern English.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Lewis |first1=C. S. |chapter=The Alliterative Metre |pages=15–26 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T-clBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |editor1-first=Walter |editor1-last=Hooper |title=Selected Literary Essays |date=2013 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-107-68538-3 }}</ref><ref name="A Tale of Two Essays: The Inklings"/> Like Tolkien, his poems follow the rules of Old English alliterative verse, while maintaining modern English diction and syntax,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jones |first=Chris |title=Strange likeness: the use of Old English in twentieth-century poetry |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2010 |location=Oxford}}{{page needed|date=December 2023}}</ref> as can be seen from lines 562-67 of ''The Nameless Isle'':<poem style="margin-left: 2em">
The <u>'''m'''</u>arble <u>'''m'''</u>aid, {{pad|1em}} under <u>'''m'''</u>ask of stone
<u>'''sh'''</u>ook and <u>'''sh'''</u>uddered. {{pad|1em}} As a <u>'''sh'''</u>adow streams
Over the <u>'''wh'''</u>eat <u>'''w'''</u>aving, {{pad|1em}} over the <u>'''w'''</u>oman's face
<u>'''L'''</u>ife came <u>'''l'''</u>ingering. {{pad|1em}} Nor was it <u>'''l'''</u>ong after
Down its <u>'''b'''</u>lue pathways, {{pad|1em}} <u>'''b'''</u>lood returning
<u>'''M'''</u>oved, and <u>'''m'''</u>ounted {{pad|1em}} to her <u>'''m'''</u>aiden cheek.
</poem>

=== Alliterative translations of alliterative verse ===
The late twentieth and early 21st century saw multiple serious efforts by renowned poets to render prominent Old and Middle English poems in modern English alliterative verse. These include [[Alan Sullivan|Allan Sullivan]] and [[Timothy Murphy (poet)|Timothy Murphy's]] translations of ''[[Beowulf]]'',<ref>{{Cite book |title=Beowulf |publisher=W.W. Norton & Co. |year=2000 |isbn=0-393-32097-9 |location=New York |language=Old English |translator-last=Heaney |translator-first=Seamus}}</ref><ref>Sullivan, Allan, and Timothy Murphy. "translators. Beowulf. Edited by Sarah Anderson." (2004).{{page needed|date=December 2023}}</ref> [[Simon Armitage]]'s translations of ''[[Sir Gawain and the Green Knight]]'' and ''Pear''l,<ref>{{Cite book |title=Sir Gawain and the Green Knight |publisher=W.W. Norton & Co. |year=2004 |location=New York |language=Middle English |translator-last=Armitage |translator-first=Simon}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title=Pearl |publisher=Faber & Faber |year=2016 |location=London |language=Middle English |translator-last=Armitage |translator-first=Simon}}</ref> and [[Tony Harrison]]'s translation of the [[York Mystery Plays]].<ref>{{Cite book |title=Plays I: The Mysteries |publisher=Faber & Faber |location=London |language=Middle English |translator-last=Harrison |translator-first=Tony}}</ref> In combination with the posthumous publication of J.R.R. Tolkien's alliterative poems, this has resulted in modern alliterative renderings of alliterative verse becoming much more accessible to the general public.

=== Speculative alliterative revival ===
During the latter part of the 20th and early 21st Century, alliterative verse enjoyed a revival in [[speculative fiction]] and associated social spaces, including [[historical reenactment]], [[fan fiction]], and related social movements.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wilson Wise |first=Dennis |date=2021 |title=Antiquarianism Underground: The Twentieth-century Alliterative Revival in American Genre Poetry |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/235/article/801959 |journal=Studies in the Fantastic |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=22–54 |doi=10.1353/sif.2021.0001 |s2cid=238935463 |issn=2470-3486|url-access=subscription }}</ref> This revival was associated with the American [[Fantasy literature|fantasy]] and [[science fiction]] author [[Poul Anderson]], who embedded alliterative verse in many of his science fiction and fantasy novels,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wise |first=Dennis |date=Summer 2021 |title=Poul Anderson and the American Alliterative Revival |url=https://hcommons.org/deposits/item/hc:41549/ |journal=Extrapolation |language=en-US |volume=62 |issue=2 |pages=157–180 |doi=10.3828/extr.2021.9 |s2cid=242510584 |issn=2047-7708|url-access=subscription }}</ref> and with younger authors like [[Paul Edwin Zimmer]] who belonged to the same social circles.<ref>{{cite book |doi=10.1016/b978-0-12-813810-6.00007-0 |chapter=Optical sensors |title=Sensors for Mechatronics |date=2018 |last1=Regtien |first1=Paul |last2=Dertien |first2=Edwin |pages=183–243 |isbn=978-0-12-813810-6 }}</ref>  Their work largely circulated in [[fanzine]]s and small [[speculative poetry]] journals like [[Star*Line]], though after the foundation of the [[Society for Creative Anachronism]] (SCA) in the 1960s, it found a new home in occasional verse written for SCA events,<ref name="Wilson Wise 2021 22–54"/><ref>{{cite book |doi=10.1017/9781316562925.001 |chapter=General Principles of Poetic Form |title=The Evolution of Verse Structure in Old and Middle English Poetry |date=2017 |pages=1–34 |isbn=978-1-316-56292-5 }}</ref> where fantasy and science fiction authors and fans were likely to rub shoulders with [[Medieval studies|medievalist]] scholars and [[Modern paganism|neopagan]] devotees of the old Germanic gods.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Wise |first=Dennis Wilson |title=Speculative Poetry and the Modern Alliterative Revival: A Critical Anthology |publisher=Fairleigh Dickinson University Press |year=2023 |isbn=978-1683933298}}</ref> Alliterative verse can be found wherever speculative fiction fans gather, including fanfiction sites<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Speculative Fiction Community |url=https://alliteration.net/community/speculative-fiction |access-date=2023-12-01 |website=Forgotten Ground Regained |language=en}}</ref> and even in materials written for [[Role-playing game|roleplaying games]] (RPGs).<ref>{{Citation |title=Write Radio interview with Dan Sumption - 18th February 2022 - Sheffield Live |url=https://soundcloud.com/dansumption/write-radio-interview-with-dan-sumption-18th-february-2022-sheffield-live |access-date=2023-12-01 |language=en}}</ref>

=== Alliterative verse as a modern poetry genre ===
During the 21st century there has also been an increase in the number of original English poems in alliterative verse included in poetry journals and in collections published by practicing poets.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Poets and Writers: Going Alliterative |url=https://alliteration.net/community/poetswriters |access-date=2023-12-01 |website=Forgotten Ground Regained |language=en}}</ref> This increase included the publication of a number of long poems in alliterative verse,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Long Poems in Allitative Verse: Epics, Ecogues, and Other Book-Length Publicationsh |url=https://alliteration.net/books/long-poems |access-date=2023-12-01 |website=Forgotten Ground Regained |language=en}}</ref> and even children's verse, in the form of [[Zach Weinersmith]]'s humorous alliterative epic, ''[[Bea Wolf]]''.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Weinersmith |first=Zach |title=Bea Wolf |publisher=MacMillan |year=2023 |isbn=978-1-250-32363-7 |location=New York, NY}}</ref> A recent book on the subject by Dennis Wilson Wise<ref>https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781683933304/Speculative-Poetry-and-the-Modern-Alliterative-Revival-A-Critical-Anthology Speculative Poetry and the Modern Alliterative Revival: A Critical Anthology]</ref> includes one hundred and fifty poems by fifty-five poets, more original (as opposed to translated) English alliterative verse by more poets between two covers than anything that has been published since before Gutenberg invented the printing press.{{efn|This is not, in fact, a particularly hard bar to surpass, as ''Speculative Poetry and the Modern Alliterative Revival'' appears to be the first anthology of original alliterative verse (as opposed to translations) published in the modern era.}} The index of published authors on Forgotten Ground Regained,<ref>[https://alliteration.net Forgotten Ground Regained]</ref> a website devoted to tracking modern English alliterative verse, includes more than one hundred forty individual poets, and links to works by more than one hundred and twenty five other individuals posted on blogs, social media posts, fan fiction sites, and other online channels for informal communication.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Published Authors of Alliterative Verse |url=https://alliteration.net/authors |access-date=2023-12-01 |website=Forgotten Ground Regained |language=en}}</ref>