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Compulsory sterilization
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======Controversy and opposing opinions====== There has been much debate and scholarly analysis concerning the legitimacy of choice given to Puerto Rican women in regard to sterilization, reproduction, and birth control, as well as with the ethics of economically motivated mass-sterilization programs. Some scholars, such as Bonnie Mass<ref name="Mass" /> and Iris Lopez,<ref name="Lopez" /> have argued that the history and popularity of mass-sterilization in Puerto Rico represents a government-led eugenics initiative for [[population control]].<ref name="Mass" /><ref name="Lopez" /><ref name="B" /><ref name="Elena">{{Cite journal |last1=Gutierrez |first1=Elena R. |last2=Fuentes |first2=Liza |date=2009β2010 |title=Population Control by Sterilization: The Cases of Puerto Rican and Mexican-Origin Women in the United States |journal=Latino(a) Research Review |volume=7 |issue=3}}</ref> They cite the private and government funding of sterilization, coercive practices, and the eugenics ideology of Puerto Rican and American governments and physicians as evidence of a mass-sterilization campaign.<ref name="Lopez" /><ref name="B" /><ref name="Elena" /> On the other side of the debate, scholars like Laura Briggs<ref name="Briggs" /> have argued that evidence does not substantiate claims of a mass-sterilization program.<ref name="Briggs" /> She further argues that reducing the popularity of sterilization in Puerto Rico to a state initiative ignores the legacy of Puerto Rican feminist activism in favor of birth control legalization, and the individual agency of Puerto Rican women in making decisions about family planning.<ref name="Briggs" /> A system was proposed by the California state senator [[Nancy Skinner (California politician)|Nancy Skinner]] to compensate victims of the well-documented examples of [[compulsory sterilization#United States|prison sterilizations that resulted from California's eugenics programs]], but this did not pass by the bill's 2018 deadline in the legislature.<ref>{{cite book |title=SB-1190 β Eugenics Sterilization Compensation Program |first1=Nancy |last1=Skinner |publisher=[[State of California]] |url= https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB1190 |date=18 February 2019 |access-date=19 February 2019 |archive-date=19 February 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190219130233/https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB1190 |url-status=live}}</ref>
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