Editing Ethylene oxide (section)

===Production of ethanolamines===
In the industry, [[ethanolamine]]s (mono-, di-, and triethanolamines) are produced by reacting [[ammonia]] and ethylene oxide in anhydrous medium at a temperature of {{convert|40-70|C||-1}} and pressure of {{convert|1.5-3.5|MPa||abbr=on}}{{nbsp}}MPa:<ref>{{cite web
|title=Technology of ethanolamine
|work=Technology
|publisher=Himtek Engineering
|url=http://www.himtek.ru/cgi-bin/index.cgi?IdS=18&IdP=9&Lang=0
|access-date=22 October 2009
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050302144745/http://www.himtek.ru/cgi-bin/index.cgi?IdS=18&IdP=9&Lang=0 |archive-date=2 March 2005
}}</ref>
: <chem>(CH2CH2)O + NH3 -> HOCH2CH2NH2</chem>
: <chem>2 (CH2CH2)O + NH3 -> (HOCH2CH2)2NH</chem>
: <chem>3 (CH2CH2)O + NH3 -> (HOCH2CH2)3N</chem>

All three ethanolamines are produced in the process, while ammonia and part of methylamine are recycled. The final products are separated by vacuum [[distillation]]. Hydroxyalkylamines are produced in a similar process:

: <chem>(CH2CH2)O + RNH2 -> HOCH2CH2NHR</chem>
: <chem>2 (CH2CH2)O + RNH2 -> (HOCH2CH2)2NR</chem>

Monosubstituted products are formed by reacting a large excess of amine with ethylene oxide in presence of water and at a temperature below {{convert|100|C|}}. Disubstituted products are obtained with a small excess of ethylene oxide, at a temperature of {{convert|120–140|C||-1}} and a pressure of {{convert|0.3-0.5|MPa||abbr=on|round=5}}.<ref>{{cite book
|vauthors=Chekalin MA, Passet BV, Ioffe BA
|title=The technology of organic dyes and intermediate products: A manual for technical
|edition=2 |publisher=Khimiya
|year=1980
|page=185
}}</ref><ref><span class="plainlinks">[https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/ethyleneoxide/ Ethylene oxide]</span> NIOSH Workplace Safety and Health Topic. Retrieved 15 October 2012.</ref>