Editing Human brain (section)

===In popular culture===
[[File:PhrenologyPix.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Phrenology]] summarised in an 1883 chart]]

Earlier ideas about the relative importance of the different [[History of the location of the soul|organs of the human body]] sometimes emphasised the heart.<ref>
{{cite book
 | last1 = Carrier
 | first1 = Martin
 | last2 = Mittelstrass
 | first2 = Jürgen
 | author-link2 = Jürgen Mittelstraß
 | translator1-last = Lindberg
 | translator1-first = Steven
 | title = Mind, Brain, Behavior: The Mind-body Problem and the Philosophy of Psychology
 | year = 1991
 | trans-title = Geist, Gehirn, Verhalten
 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=i7b7KgzRbJQC
 | edition = revised and expanded English
 | location = Berlin
 | publisher = Walter de Gruyter
 | publication-date = 1991
 | page = 11
 | isbn = 9783110128765
 | access-date = 22 May 2021
 | quote = [...] the Aristotelian view that the soul resides primarily in the heart [...].
}}
</ref>
Modern Western popular conceptions, in contrast, have placed increasing focus on the [[Mind-brain dichotomy|brain]].<ref>
{{cite book
 | last1 = Cobb
 | first1 = Matthew
 | author-link1 = Matthew Cobb
 | title = The Idea of the Brain: The Past and Future of Neuroscience
 | date = April 21, 2020
 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=VVmqDwAAQBAJ
 | location = New York
 | publisher = Hachette UK
 | publication-date = 2020
 | isbn = 9781541646865
 | access-date = 22 May 2021
 | quote = [...] the ways in which we think about [the brain] are much richer than in the past, not simply because of the amazing facts we have discovered, but above all because of how we interpret them.
}}
</ref>

Research has disproved some common [[List of common misconceptions#Brain|misconceptions about the brain]]. These include both ancient and modern myths. It is not true (for example) that neurons are not replaced after the age of two; nor that normal humans use only [[Ten percent of the brain myth|ten per cent of the brain]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Jarrett |first1=C. |title=Great Myths of the Brain |publisher= John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-1-118-31271-1 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=fBPyBQAAQBAJ |date=November 17, 2014 }}</ref> Popular culture has also oversimplified the [[Lateralization of brain function|lateralisation of the brain]] by suggesting that functions are completely specific to one side of the brain or the other. [[Akio Mori]] coined the term "[[game brain]]" for the unreliably supported theory that spending long periods playing [[video game]]s harmed the brain's pre-frontal region, and impaired the expression of emotion and creativity.<ref>{{cite magazine|url= https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn2538-video-game-brain-damage-claim-criticised.html|title= Video game "brain damage" claim criticised|access-date=February 6, 2008|first=Helen |last= Phillips |date= July 11, 2002|magazine=[[New Scientist]] |url-status=live|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090111065557/http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn2538-video-game-brain-damage-claim-criticised.html|archive-date=January 11, 2009}}</ref>

Historically, particularly in the early-19th century, the brain featured in popular culture through [[phrenology]], a [[pseudoscience]] that assigned personality attributes to different regions of the cortex. The cortex remains important in popular culture as covered in books and satire.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Popova |first1=Maria |title='Brain Culture': How Neuroscience Became a Pop Culture Fixation |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2011/08/brain-culture-how-neuroscience-became-a-pop-culture-fixation/243810/ |work=The Atlantic |date=August 18, 2011 |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170728165041/https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2011/08/brain-culture-how-neuroscience-became-a-pop-culture-fixation/243810/ |archive-date=July 28, 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Thornton |first1=Davi Johnson |title= Brain Culture. Neuroscience and Popular Media |date=2011 |publisher=Rutgers University Press |isbn=978-0-8135-5013-8}}</ref>

The human brain can feature in [[Brain in science fiction|science fiction]], with themes such as [[brain transplant]]s and [[Cyborgs in fiction|cyborgs]] (beings with features like partly [[artificial brain]]s).<ref>[http://web.mit.edu/digitalapollo/Documents/Chapter1/cyborgs.pdf Cyborgs and Space] {{webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20111006190955/http://web.mit.edu/digitalapollo/Documents/Chapter1/cyborgs.pdf |date=October 6, 2011 }}, in ''Astronautics'' (September 1960), by Manfred E. Clynes and Nathan S. Kline.</ref> The 1942 science-fiction book (adapted three times for the cinema) ''[[Donovan's Brain]]'' tells the tale of an [[isolated brain]] kept alive ''in vitro'', gradually taking over the personality of the book's protagonist.<ref>{{cite book |author=Bergfelder, Tim |title= International Adventures: German Popular Cinema and European Co-productions in the 1960s |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=B1Nj41yxvZkC&pg=PA129 |year=2005 |publisher=Berghahn Books |isbn= 978-1-57181-538-5 |page=129}}</ref>
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