Editing Hunting (section)

==Conservation==
{{Main|Conservation (ethic)|Conservation movement}}
{{Unbalanced|date=May 2012}}
[[File:Decline-of-the-worlds-wild-mammals.png|thumb|upright=1.5|The changing distribution of the world's land mammals in tonnes of carbon. The [[Biomass (ecology)|biomass]] of wild land mammals has declined by 85% since the emergence of humans, with hunting and agriculture being primary drivers of this decline.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ourworldindata.org/wild-mammal-decline|title=Wild mammals have declined by 85% since the rise of humans, but there is a possible future where they flourish|last=Ritchie|first=Hannah|author1-link=Hannah Ritchie |date=April 20, 2021|website=[[Our World in Data]]|publisher=|access-date=April 18, 2023|quote=|archive-date=18 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230318175721/https://ourworldindata.org/wild-mammal-decline|url-status=live}}</ref> ]]

Hunters have been driving forces throughout history in the movement to ensure the preservation of [[Habitat (ecology)|wildlife habitats]] and [[wildlife]] for further hunting.<ref>Brockington, Dan. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=hanwVhP-JFQC&pg=PA47 Nature unbound: conservation, capitalism and the future of protected areas]'', Earthscan, 2008.<br /> "The birth of the international conservation movement as we recognize it today was due to the influence of powerful aristocratic hunters who wished to preserve suitable specimens for their sport from the alleged depredations of Africans (Mackenzie, 1988). The international hunting fraternity remains a powerful force behind conservation today."</ref> However, excessive hunting and poachers have also contributed heavily to the endangerment, extirpation and extinction of many animals, such as the [[quagga]], the [[great auk]], [[Steller's sea cow]], the [[thylacine]], the [[bluebuck]], the [[Arabian oryx]], the [[Caspian tiger|Caspian]] and [[Javan tiger]]s, the [[markhor]], the [[Sumatran rhinoceros]], the bison, the [[North American cougar]], the [[Altai argali]] sheep, the [[Asian elephant]] and many more, primarily for commercial sale or sport. All these animals have been hunted to [[endangered species|endangerment]] or extinction.{{refn|<ref name="IUCN Red List 2010"/><ref>Hack, M.A., East, R. & Rubenstein, D.I. (2008). Equus quagga quagga. In: IUCN 2008. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 5 January 2008</ref><ref>Montevecchi, William A.; David A. Kirk (1996). "Demography–Great Auk (Pinguinus impennis)". The Birds of North America Online. Cornell Lab of Ornithology. Retrieved 2010-04-29.</ref><ref>Ellis, Richard (2004). No Turning Back: The Life and Death of Animal Species. New York City: Harper Perennial. p. 134. {{ISBN|0-06-055804-0}}.</ref><ref>"Additional Thylacine Topics: Persecution". The Thylacine Museum. 2006. Retrieved 27 November 2006.</ref><ref>Skead, C.J. 1987. Historical mammal incidence in the Cape Province. Volume 1&nbsp;– The Western and Northern Cape. The Department of Nature and Environmental Conservation of the Provincial Administration of the Cape of Good Hope, Cape Town</ref><ref name="Talbot, Lee Merriam 1960 pp. 84">[[Lee M. Talbot|Talbot, Lee Merriam]] (1960). ''A Look at Threatened Species''. The Fauna Preservation Society. pp. 84–91.</ref><ref>Geptner, V.G., Sludskii, A.A. (1972). Mlekopitaiušcie Sovetskogo Soiuza. Vysšaia Škola, Moskva. (In Russian; English translation: Heptner, V.G., Sludskii, A.A., Bannikov, A.G.) (1992). Mammals of the Soviet Union. Volume II, Part 2: Carnivora (Hyaenas and Cats).</ref><ref>Valdez, R. (2008). Capra falconeri. In: IUCN 2008. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 5 April 2009. Database entry includes a brief justification of why this species is regarded as endangered</ref><ref>Staff (December/January 2012). "Restoring a Prairie Icon". National Wildlife (National Wildlife Federation) 50 (1): 20–25.</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Cardoza | first1 = J.E. | last2 = Langlois | first2 = S.A. | year = 2002 | title = The eastern cougar: A management failure? | journal = Wildlife Society Bulletin | volume = 30 | issue = 1| pages = 265–73 }}</ref><ref>Endangered Animals&nbsp;– A Reference Guide to Conflicting Issues</ref>}} Poaching currently threatens bird and mammalian populations around the world.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.science.org/content/article/people-are-hunting-primates-bats-and-other-mammals-extinction|title=People are hunting primates, bats, and other mammals to extinction|first=Elizabeth|last=Pennisi|author-link=Elizabeth Pennisi|date=18 October 2016|work=[[Science (magazine)|Science]]|access-date=26 May 2017|archive-date=20 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211020025827/https://www.science.org/content/article/people-are-hunting-primates-bats-and-other-mammals-extinction|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|first1=William J.|last1=Ripple|first2=Katharine|last2=Abernethy|first3=Matthew G.|last3=Betts|first4=Guillaume|last4=Chapron|first5=Rodolfo|last5=Dirzo|first6=Mauro |last6=Galetti|first7=Taal|last7=Levi|first8=Peter A.|last8=Lindsey|first9=David W.|last9=Macdonald|first10=Brian|last10=Machovina|first11=Thomas M.|last11=Newsome|first12=Carlos A.|last12=Peres|first13=Arian D.|last13= Wallach|first14=Christopher|last14=Wolf|first15=Hillary|last15=Young|year=2016|title=Bushmeat hunting and extinction risk to the world's mammals|journal=Royal Society Open Science|volume=3|issue=10|pages=1–16|doi=10.1098/rsos.160498|pmid=27853564|pmc=5098989|bibcode=2016RSOS....360498R}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1= Benítez-López|first1=A.|last2= Alkemade|first2=R.|last3=Schipper|first3=A.M. |last4= Ingram|first4=D. J.|last5= Verweij|first5= P.A.|last6= Eikelboom|first6=J.A.J.|last7= Huijbregts|first7=M.A.J.|date=14 April 2017 |title=The impact of hunting on tropical mammal and bird populations|url= http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10058583/7/Ingram%20aaj1891_ArticleContent_v3.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10058583/7/Ingram%20aaj1891_ArticleContent_v3.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|journal= [[Science (journal)|Science]]|volume=356 |issue=6334 |pages=180–83|doi=10.1126/science.aaj1891|pmid=28408600|bibcode=2017Sci...356..180B|hdl=1874/349694|s2cid=19603093}}</ref> The 2019 ''[[Global Assessment Report on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services]]'' lists the direct exploitation of organisms, including hunting, as the second leading cause of [[biodiversity loss]], after land use for [[agriculture]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.science.org/content/article/landmark-analysis-documents-alarming-global-decline-nature|title=Landmark analysis documents the alarming global decline of nature|vauthors=Stokstad E|date=5 May 2019|website=[[Science (journal)|Science]]|publisher=[[American Association for the Advancement of Science|AAAS]]|language=en|access-date=10 May 2021|quote="For the first time at a global scale, the report has ranked the causes of damage. Topping the list, changes in land use—principally agriculture—that have destroyed habitat. Second, hunting and other kinds of exploitation. These are followed by climate change, pollution, and invasive species, which are being spread by trade and other activities. Climate change will likely overtake the other threats in the next decades, the authors note. Driving these threats are the growing human population, which has doubled since 1970 to 7.6 billion, and consumption. (Per capita of use of materials is up 15% over the past 5 decades.)"|archive-date=26 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026232451/https://www.science.org/content/article/landmark-analysis-documents-alarming-global-decline-nature|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2022, [[IPBES]] released another report which stated that unsustainable hunting, along with unsustainable logging and fishing, are primary drivers of the global extinction crisis.<ref>{{cite news|last=Briggs|first=Helen|date=July 8, 2022|title=Unsustainable logging, fishing and hunting 'driving extinction'|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-62094405|work=BBC|location=|access-date=August 12, 2022|archive-date=1 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220801105751/https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-62094405|url-status=live}}</ref> A 2023 study published in ''[[BioScience]]'' posited that the prioritizing of hunting by state agencies in the United States over the rewinding of key species is "reinforcing" the loss of biodiversity.<ref>{{cite news |last=White |first=Robyn |date=December 2, 2023 |title=Scientists Warn American 'Promotion of Hunting' Is Ruining the Environment|url=https://www.newsweek.com/scientists-warn-american-focus-hunting-reinforcing-biodiversity-loss-1846779|work=[[Newsweek]] |location= |access-date=December 4, 2023}}</ref>

===Legislation===
[[File:Paulus Potter - Punishment of a Hunter.jpg|thumb|right|''Punishment of a Hunter'' (c. 1647) by [[Paulus Potter]]]]

====Pittman–Robertson Wildlife Restoration Act of 1937====
In 1937, American hunters successfully lobbied the US Congress to pass the [[Pittman–Robertson Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Act|Pittman-Robertson Wildlife Restoration Act]], which placed an eleven per cent tax on all hunting equipment. This self-imposed tax now generates over $700&nbsp;million each year and is used exclusively to establish, restore and protect wildlife habitats.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fws.gov/southeast/federalaid/pittmanrobertson.html|title=The Pittman–Robertson Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Act|publisher=[[United States Fish and Wildlife Service]]|access-date=11 May 2007|archive-date=24 May 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070524004106/http://www.fws.gov/southeast/federalaid/pittmanrobertson.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> The act is named for Nevada Senator [[Key Pittman]] and Virginia Congressman [[Absalom Willis Robertson]].

====Federal Duck Stamp program====
On 16 March 1934, [[Franklin D. Roosevelt|President Franklin D. Roosevelt]] signed the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act, which requires an annual stamp purchase by all hunters over the age of sixteen. The stamps are created on behalf of the program by the [[US Postal Service]] and depict wildlife artwork chosen through an annual contest. They play an important role in [[habitat conservation]] because ninety-eight per cent of all funds generated by their sale go directly toward the purchase or lease of [[wetland]] habitat for protection in the [[National Wildlife Refuge|National Wildlife Refuge System]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Migratory Bird Hunting & Conservation Stamp Act |url=https://www.fws.gov/birds/policies-and-regulations/laws-legislations/migratory-bird-hunting-and-conservation-stamp-act.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190928213256/https://www.fws.gov/birds/policies-and-regulations/laws-legislations/migratory-bird-hunting-and-conservation-stamp-act.php |archive-date=28 September 2019 |access-date=15 August 2019 |website=U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service}}</ref> In addition to waterfowl, it is estimated that one third of the nation's endangered species seek food and shelter in areas protected using Duck Stamp funds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=H.R. 4315 Wetlands Loan Act and Migratory Bird Hunting and Conservation Stamp Act {{!}} U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service |url=https://www.fws.gov/testimony/hr-4315-wetlands-loan-act-and-migratory-bird-hunting-and-conservation-stamp-act |access-date=2022-12-26 |website=FWS.gov |language=en |archive-date=26 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221226143527/https://www.fws.gov/testimony/hr-4315-wetlands-loan-act-and-migratory-bird-hunting-and-conservation-stamp-act |url-status=live }}</ref>

Since 1934, the sale of Federal Duck Stamps has generated $670&nbsp;million, and helped to purchase or lease {{convert|5200000|acres|sqmi km2}} of habitat. The stamps serve as a license to hunt migratory birds, an entrance pass for all National Wildlife Refuge areas, and are also considered collectors items often purchased for [[aesthetic]] reasons outside of the hunting and birding communities. Although non-hunters buy a significant number of Duck Stamps, eighty-seven per cent of their sales are contributed by hunters. Distribution of funds is managed by the Migratory Bird Conservation Commission (MBCC).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fws.gov/realty/mbcc.html|title=Migratory Bird Conservation Commission|publisher=United States Fish and Wildlife Service|access-date=31 May 2007|archive-date=8 June 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070608230532/http://www.fws.gov/realty/mbcc.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Species===
====Arabian oryx====
The [[Arabian oryx]], a species of large [[antelope]], once inhabited much of the desert areas of the Middle East.<ref name="Talbot, Lee Merriam 1960 pp. 84"/> Native [[Bedouin]] tribes had long hunted the oryx using camels and arrows. Oil exploration made the habitat increasingly accessible, and the species' striking appearance made it (along with the closely related scimitar-horned oryx and addax) a popular quarry for sport hunters, including foreign executives of oil companies.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Price |first=Mark R. Stanley |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yr7vofq7SPgC&pg=PR13 |title=Animal Reintroductions: The Arabian Oryx in Oman |date=1989-09-14 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-34411-1 |pages=39–40 |language=en}}</ref> The use of automobiles and high-powered rifles destroyed their only advantage: speed, and they became extinct in the wild exclusively due to sport hunting in 1972. The scimitar-horned oryx followed suit, while the addax became critically endangered.<ref>The Fundamentals of Conservation Biology, Malcolm L Hunter, Jr., James P. Gibbs</ref> However, the Arabian oryx has now made a comeback and been upgraded from "extinct in the wild" to "vulnerable" due to conservation efforts like captive breeding.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/extinction-countdown/2011/06/17/arabian-oryx-makes-history-as-first-species-to-be-upgraded-from-extinct-in-the-wild-to-vulnerable/|title=Arabian Oryx Makes History as First Species to Be Upgraded from "Extinct in the Wild" to "Vulnerable"|first=John|last=Platt|website=scientificamerican.com|access-date=13 July 2014|archive-date=14 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714213055/http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/extinction-countdown/2011/06/17/arabian-oryx-makes-history-as-first-species-to-be-upgraded-from-extinct-in-the-wild-to-vulnerable/|url-status=live}}</ref>

====Markhor====
The [[markhor]] is an endangered species of wild goat which inhabits the mountains of [[Central Asia]] and [[Pakistan]]. The [[colonization]] of these regions by [[British Empire|Britain]] gave British sport hunters access to the species, and they were hunted heavily, almost to the point of extinction. Only their willingness to breed in captivity and the inhospitability of their mountainous habitat prevented this. Despite these factors, the markhor is still endangered.<ref>Endangered Wildlife and Plants of the World, 2001</ref>

====American bison====
The [[American bison]] is a large [[bovid]] which inhabited much of western North America prior to the 1800s, living on the prairies in large herds. However, the vast herds of bison attracted market hunters, who killed dozens of bison for their hides only, leaving the rest to rot. Thousands of these hunters quickly eliminated the bison herds, bringing the population from several million in the early 1800s to a few hundred by the 1880s. Conservation efforts have allowed the population to increase, but the bison remains near-threatened due to lack of habitat.<ref>American Bison: A Natural History, By Dale F. Lott, Harry W. Greene, ebrary, Inc, Contributor Harry W. Greene, Edition: illustrated, Published by University of California Press, 2003  {{ISBN|978-0-520-24062-9}}</ref>

====White rhino====
The ''Journal of International Wildlife Law and Policy'' cites that the legalization of white rhinoceros hunting in South Africa motivated private landowners to reintroduce the species onto their lands. As a result, the country saw an increase in white rhinos from fewer than one hundred individuals to more than 11,000, even while a limited number were killed as trophies.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://conservationmagazine.org/2014/01/can-trophy-hunting-reconciled-conservation/|title=Can trophy hunting actually help conservation?|publisher=Conservation|date=15 January 2014|website=conservationmagazine.org|access-date=12 July 2014|archive-date=15 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715000632/http://conservationmagazine.org/2014/01/can-trophy-hunting-reconciled-conservation/|url-status=live}}</ref>

However, the illegal hunting of rhinoceros for their horns is highly damaging to the population and is currently growing globally,<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/8388606.stm 'Global surge' in rhino poaching ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129140324/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/8388606.stm |date=29 November 2014 }} [[BBC]]. 1 December 2009</ref> with 1004 being killed in South Africa alone according to the most recent estimate.<ref>{{cite news|title=946 rhino killed in 2013|url=http://ewn.co.za/2013/12/19/946-Rhino-poached-in-2013|access-date=25 December 2013|newspaper=Eyewitness News|date=19 December 2013|archive-date=22 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131222042921/http://ewn.co.za/2013/12/19/946-Rhino-poached-in-2013|url-status=live}}</ref> The White Rhino (along with the other 4 rhino species) are poached due to beliefs that the Rhinos horns can be used to cure Cancer, Arthritis and other diseases and illnesses, even though they are scientifically proven wrong.<ref>{{cite web |website=[[International Anti-Poaching Foundation]] (IAPF) |url=https://www.iapf.org/news/rhinos |title=Why Are Rhinos Poached? |date=4 February 2021 |access-date=5 January 2022 |archive-date=4 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220304190618/https://www.iapf.org/news/rhinos |url-status=live }}</ref>

====Other species====
According to [[Richard Conniff]], Namibia is home to 1,750 of the roughly 5,000 black rhinos surviving in the wild because it allows trophy hunting of various species. Namibia's mountain zebra population has increased to 27,000 from 1,000 in 1982. Elephants, which "are gunned down elsewhere for their ivory", have gone to 20,000 from 15,000 in 1995. Lions, which were on the brink of extinction "from Senegal to Kenya", are increasing in Namibia.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/21/opinion/a-trophy-hunt-thats-good-for-rhinos.html|title=Opinion – A Trophy Hunt That's Good for Rhinos|date=2014-01-20|newspaper=The New York Times|last1=Conniff|first1=Richard|access-date=27 February 2017|archive-date=9 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170709075518/https://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/21/opinion/a-trophy-hunt-thats-good-for-rhinos.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

In contrast, Botswana in 2012 banned trophy hunting following a precipitous wildlife decline.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-20544251|title=Botswana to ban wildlife hunting|date=29 November 2012|work=BBC News|access-date=21 July 2018|archive-date=19 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919171716/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-20544251|url-status=live}}</ref> The numbers of antelope plummeted across Botswana, with a resultant decline in predator numbers, while elephant numbers remained stable and hippopotamus numbers rose. According to the government of Botswana, trophy hunting is at least partly to blame for this, but many other factors, such as poaching, drought and habitat loss are also to blame.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2011/jun/18/botswana-natural-wonder-brink-of-catastrophe|title=Drought and poachers take Botswana's natural wonder to brink of catastrophe|first=David|last=Smith|date=17 June 2011|website=The Guardian|access-date=27 January 2019|archive-date=27 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190227100649/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2011/jun/18/botswana-natural-wonder-brink-of-catastrophe|url-status=live}}</ref> Uganda recently did the same, arguing that "the share of benefits of sport hunting were lopsided and unlikely to deter poaching or improve [Uganda's] capacity to manage the wildlife reserves."<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://newswatch.nationalgeographic.com/2010/11/23/uganda_ends_sport_hunting/ |title=National Geographic Society Newsroom |access-date=16 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140313012029/http://newswatch.nationalgeographic.com/2010/11/23/uganda_ends_sport_hunting/ |archive-date=13 March 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2020, Botswana reopened trophy hunting on public lands.<ref>{{cite web|title=Botswana to Kickstart Elephant Hunting With Auction This Week|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-02-03/botswana-to-kickstart-elephant-hunting-with-auction-this-week|date=3 February 2020|publisher=Bloomberg|access-date=11 November 2020|archive-date=26 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201126210517/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-02-03/botswana-to-kickstart-elephant-hunting-with-auction-this-week|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Studies===
[[File:Cage trap on a farm, Namibia.jpg|thumb|Cage [[Trapping#Trap types|trap]] ([[Trapping#Cage traps (live traps)|live trap]]) for [[cheetah]]s on a farm in [[Namibia]]]]
A study published by the [[Wildlife Society]] concluded that hunting and trapping are cost effective tools that reduce wildlife damage by reducing a population below the capacity of the environment to carry it and changing the behaviors of animals to stop them from causing damage. The study furthermore states that the cessation of hunting could cause wildlife to be severely harmed, rural property values to fall, and the incentive of landowners to maintain natural habitats to diminish.<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.njfishandwildlife.com/pdf/bear/policy_lit/conover01.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.njfishandwildlife.com/pdf/bear/policy_lit/conover01.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|last=Conover|first= Michael R. |title=Effect of Hunting and Trapping on Wildlife Damage|journal= [[Wildlife Society Bulletin]]|volume= 29. No. 2 (Summer. 2001)|pages= 521–32|publisher= Allen Press|access-date=19 August 2015}}</ref>

Although deforestation and forest degradation have long been considered the most significant threats to tropical biodiversity, across Southeast Asia (Northeast India, Indochina, Sundaland, Philippines) substantial areas of natural habitat have few wild animals (>1&nbsp;kg), bar a few hunting‐tolerant species.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/cobi.12785|title=Impacts of hunting on tropical forests in Southeast Asia: Hunting in Tropical Forests|first1=Rhett D.|last1=Harrison|first2=Rachakonda|last2=Sreekar|first3=Jedediah F.|last3=Brodie|first4=Sarah|last4=Brook|first5=Matthew|last5=Luskin|first6=Hannah|last6=O'Kelly|first7=Madhu|last7=Rao|first8=Brett|last8=Scheffers|first9=Nandini|last9=Velho|date=12 October 2016|journal=Conservation Biology|volume=30|issue=5|pages=972–981|doi=10.1111/cobi.12785|pmid=27341537 |s2cid=3793259 |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |doi = 10.1111/ddi.12292|title = The use of species-area relationships to partition the effects of hunting and deforestation on bird extirpations in a fragmented landscape|year = 2015|last1 = Sreekar|first1 = Rachakonda|last2 = Huang|first2 = Guohualing|last3 = Zhao|first3 = Jiang-Bo|last4 = Pasion|first4 = Bonifacio O.|last5 = Yasuda|first5 = Mika|last6 = Zhang|first6 = Kai|last7 = Peabotuwage|first7 = Indika|last8 = Wang|first8 = Ximin|last9 = Quan|first9 = Rui-Chang|last10 = Ferry Slik|first10 = J. W.|last11 = Corlett|first11 = Richard T.|last12 = Goodale|first12 = Eben|last13 = Harrison|first13 = Rhett D.|journal = Diversity and Distributions|volume = 21|issue = 4|pages = 441–450| s2cid=55972282 |doi-access = free| bibcode=2015DivDi..21..441S }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |doi = 10.1111/acv.12588|title = Combining camera-trap surveys and hunter interviews to determine the status of mammals in protected rainforests and rubber plantations of Menglun, Xishuangbanna, SW China|year = 2020|last1 = Huang|first1 = G.|last2 = Sreekar|first2 = R.|last3 = Velho|first3 = N.|last4 = Corlett|first4 = R. T.|last5 = Quan|first5 = R.-C.|last6 = Tomlinson|first6 = K. W.|journal = Animal Conservation| volume=23 | issue=6 | pages=689–699 | bibcode=2020AnCon..23..689H | s2cid=218779515 }}</ref>