Editing Mars Express (section)

==== 2018 ====
[[File:Mars-SubglacialWater-SouthPoleRegion-20180725.jpg|thumb|Mars [[Planum Australe|South Pole]], site of [[Water on Mars|subglacial water]] (July 25, 2018)|354x354px]]
*Activated new AOCMS software which includes a gyroless attitude estimator to prolong the lifetime of the spacecraft's laser gyros<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mars Express v2.0 |url=https://www.esa.int/Enabling_Support/Operations/Mars_Express_v2.0 |access-date=April 12, 2022 |website=ESA.int }}</ref>
*In July 2018, a discovery was reported based on MARSIS [[radar]] studies, of a [[Water on Mars#Subglacial liquid water|subglacial lake]] on [[Mars]], {{convert|1.5|km|mi|abbr=on}} below the [[Planum Australe|southern polar ice cap]], and about {{convert|20|km|mi|abbr=on}} wide, the first known stable body of water on Mars.<ref name="SCI-20180725">{{cite journal |author=Orosei, R.|display-authors=etal|title=Radar evidence of subglacial liquid water on Mars |date=July 25, 2018 |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |volume=361|issue=6401|pages=490–493|doi=10.1126/science.aar7268 |pmid=30045881|arxiv=2004.04587|hdl=11573/1148029|doi-access=free |bibcode=2018Sci...361..490O}}</ref><ref name="NYT-20180725">{{cite news |last1=Chang |first1=Kenneth |last2=Overbye |first2=Dennis |author-link2=Dennis Overbye |title=A Watery Lake Is Detected on Mars, Raising the Potential for Alien Life - The discovery suggests that watery conditions beneath the icy southern polar cap may have provided one of the critical building blocks for life on the red planet. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/25/science/mars-liquid-alien-life.html |date=July 25, 2018 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=July 25, 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Huge reservoir of liquid water detected under the surface of Mars |url=https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-07/aaft-hro072318.php |work=[[EurekAlert]]|date=July 25, 2018 |access-date=July 25, 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Liquid water 'lake' revealed on Mars |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-44952710 |work=[[BBC News]]|date=July 25, 2018 |access-date=July 25, 2018 }}</ref>
* December 2018: ''Mars Express'' relays images of the 80-kilometer wide [[Korolev (Martian crater)|Korolev Crater]] filled with approximately 2200 cubic kilometers of water ice on the Martian surface.<ref name="DLR">{{cite web |title=A winter wonderland in red and white – Korolev Crater on Mars |url=https://www.dlr.de/dlr/en/desktopdefault.aspx/tabid-10081/151_read-31614/#/gallery/33106 |website=German Aerospace Center (DLR) |access-date=December 20, 2018}}</ref> Based on further evidence the crater ice is still part of much vaster ice resources at Mars poles.<ref name="TG1218">{{cite news |last=Sample |first=Ian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2018/dec/21/mars-express-beams-back-images-of-ice-filled-korolev-crater |work=The Guardian |access-date=December 21, 2018 |title=Mars Express Beams Back Images of Ice-Filled Korolev Crater |date=December 21, 2018 }}</ref>