Editing Tigray Region (section)

=== Vegetation and enclosures ===
[[File:Misty Morning near Endaselassie.JPG|thumb|Mountains of Lemalimo near [[Inda Selassie]] in western Tigray]]
Tigray holds numerous [[exclosure]]s, areas that are set aside for regreening.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Aerts|first1=R|last2=Nyssen|first2=J|author3-link=Mitiku Haile|last3=Mitiku Haile|title=On the difference between 'exclosures' and 'enclosures' in ecology and the environment|journal=Journal of Arid Environments|year=2009|volume=73|issue=8|pages=762–763|doi=10.1016/j.jaridenv.2009.01.006|bibcode=2009JArEn..73..762A|url=https://lirias.kuleuven.be/handle/123456789/239842|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Logging and livestock grazing are not allowed there. Besides effects on [[biodiversity]],<ref name="ALN2019">{{cite book|last1=Aerts|first1=R.|last2=Lerouge|first2=F.|last3=November|first3=E.|title=Birds of forests and open woodlands in the highlands of Dogu'a Tembien. In: Geo-trekking in Ethiopia's Tropical Mountains – The Dogu'a Tembien District|date=2019|publisher=Springer Nature|isbn=978-3-030-04954-6|url=https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9783030049546|access-date=19 June 2019|archive-date=8 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308142516/https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9783030049546|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Mastewal Yami|first1=and colleagues|title=Impact of Area Enclosures on Density and Diversity of Large Wild Mammals: The Case of May Ba'ati, Douga Tembien Woreda, Central Tigray, Ethiopia|journal=East African Journal of Sciences|year=2007|volume=1|pages=1–14}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Aerts|first1=R.|last2=Lerouge|first2=F. |last3=November|first3=E.|last4=Lens|first4=L.|last5=Hermy|first5=M.|last6=Muys|first6=B.|title=Land rehabilitation and the conservation of birds in a degraded Afromontane landscape in northern Ethiopia |journal=Biodiversity and Conservation|year=2008|volume=17|issue=1 |pages=53–69|doi=10.1007/s10531-007-9230-2|bibcode=2008BiCon..17...53A |s2cid=37489450|url=https://lirias.kuleuven.be/handle/123456789/145812|url-access=subscription}}</ref> [[water infiltration]], protection from flooding, [[sediment]] deposition,<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Descheemaeker|first1=K. and colleagues|title=Sediment deposition and pedogenesis in exclosures in the Tigray Highlands, Ethiopia.|journal=Geoderma|year=2006|volume=132|issue=3–4|pages=291–314 |doi=10.1016/j.geoderma.2005.04.027|bibcode=2006Geode.132..291D}}</ref> [[carbon sequestration]],<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Wolde Mekuria|first1=and colleagues|title=Restoration of Ecosystem Carbon Stocks Following Exclosure Establishment in Communal Grazing Lands in Tigray, Ethiopia|journal=Soil Science Society of America Journal|year=2011|volume=75|issue=1|pages=246–256|doi=10.2136/sssaj2010.0176|bibcode=2011SSASJ..75..246M|url=https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/6868 }}</ref> people commonly have economic benefits from these exclosures through grass harvesting, beekeeping and other [[non-timber forest product]]s.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Bedru Babulo|first1=and colleagues|title=Economic valuation methods of forest rehabilitation in exclosures|journal=Journal of the Drylands|year=2006|volume=1|pages=165–170}}</ref> The local inhabitants also consider it as "land set aside for future generations".<ref>{{cite book|last1=Jacob|first1=M. and colleagues|title=Exclosures as Primary Option for Reforestation in Dogu'a Tembien. In: Geo-trekking in Ethiopia's Tropical Mountains – The Dogu'a Tembien District|date=2019|publisher=Springer Nature|isbn=978-3-030-04954-6|url=https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9783030049546|access-date=19 June 2019|archive-date=8 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308142516/https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9783030049546|url-status=live}}</ref> In [[Degua Tembien|Dogu'a Tembien]], several exclosures are managed by the [[EthioTrees]] project. They have as an additional benefit that the villagers receive [[carbon credit]]s for the [[Carbon sequestration|sequestered]] CO<sub>2</sub>,<ref name="chapter">{{cite book|last1=Reubens|first1=B. and colleagues|title=Research-based development projects in Dogu'a Tembien. In: Geo-trekking in Ethiopia's Tropical Mountains – The Dogu'a Tembien District|date=2019|publisher=SpringerNature|isbn=978-3-030-04954-6|url=https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9783030049546|access-date=19 June 2019|archive-date=8 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308142516/https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9783030049546|url-status=live}}</ref> as part of a [[carbon offset]] programme.<ref name="vivo">{{Cite web |url=https://www.planvivo.org/project-network/ethiotrees-tembien-highlands/ |title=EthioTrees on Plan Vivo website |access-date=2 February 2020 |archive-date=27 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200927034013/https://www.planvivo.org/project-network/ethiotrees-tembien-highlands/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The revenues are then reinvested in the villages, according to the priorities of the communities;<ref name="davines">{{Cite web |url=https://www.davines.com/blogs/projects/ethiotrees |title=EthioTrees on Davines website |access-date=2 February 2020 |archive-date=1 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200201101543/https://www.davines.com/blogs/projects/ethiotrees |url-status=live }}</ref> it may be for an additional class in the village school, a water pond, conservation in the exclosures, or a store for [[incense]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Moens|first1=T.|title=Geo-trekking in Ethiopia's Tropical Mountains|last2=Lanckriet|first2=S.|last3=Jacob|first3=M.|chapter=Boswellia Incense in the Giba River Gorge|date=2019|publisher=Springer Nature|pages=293–300|doi=10.1007/978-3-030-04955-3_19 |series=GeoGuide|isbn=978-3-030-04954-6|s2cid=199113310}}</ref>