Editing Unification of Italy (section)

==Museums==
===Central Museum of the Risorgimento of Rome===
[[File:Museo Centrale del Risorgimento din Roma.jpg|thumb|Entrance to the Central Museum of the Risorgimento from via di San Pietro in Carcere in [[Rome]]]]

Inside the [[Altare della Patria]] in [[Rome]] are some museums dedicated to the [[history of Italy]], especially the Unification of Italy: the Central Museum of the Risorgimento ({{langx|it|Museo Centrale del Risorgimento}}) with an adjoining study institute, the [[Flag of Italy]] Memorial ({{langx|it|Sacrario delle bandiere}}) and an area that hosts temporary exhibitions of artistic interest, historical, sociological and cultural called "ala Brasini".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.risorgimento.it/index.php?section=dove-siamo |title=Il Museo Centrale del Risorgimento al Vittoriano – Dove siamo |access-date=12 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180312143920/http://www.risorgimento.it/index.php?section=dove-siamo |archive-date=12 March 2018 |language=it}}</ref><ref name=marina>{{cite web |url=http://www.marina.difesa.it/storiacultura/ufficiostorico/musei/sacrario/Pagine/IlSacrariodellebandierealVittoriano.aspx |title=Il Sacrario delle Bandiere al Vittoriano |access-date=12 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170909005007/http://www.marina.difesa.it/storiacultura/ufficiostorico/musei/sacrario/Pagine/IlSacrariodellebandierealVittoriano.aspx |archive-date=9 September 2017 |language=it}}</ref>

Since 2020, together with [[Museo nazionale del Palazzo di Venezia|Palazzo Venezia]], it has been managed by the VIVE Institute, one of the eleven institutes of significant general interest of the [[Italian Ministry of Culture]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.senzatitolo.net/luoghi/81/vive_-_vittoriano_e_palazzo_venezia/|title=VIVE-Vittoriano e Palazzo Venezia|website=senzatitolo.net|access-date=1 September 2024|language=it}}</ref>

Access to the Central Museum of the Risorgimento is on the left side of the monument, at the back of the [[Santa Maria in Ara Coeli]] along via di San Pietro in Carcere.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.risorgimento.it/index.php?section=dove-siamo |title=Il Museo Centrale del Risorgimento al Vittoriano – Dove siamo |access-date=12 March 2018 |language=it |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180312143920/http://www.risorgimento.it/index.php?section=dove-siamo |archive-date=12 March 2018}}</ref> The period of Italian history between the end of the 18th century and the [[First World War]] is displayed by memorabilia, paintings, sculptures, documents (letters, diaries and manuscripts), drawings, engravings, weapons and prints.<ref name= Busico2005>Augusta Busico, ''Il tricolore: il simbolo la storia'', Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri, Dipartimento per l'informazione e l'editoria, 2005.</ref><ref>Gilles Pécout, Roberto Balzan, ''Il lungo Risorgimento: la nascita dell'Italia contemporanea (1770–1922)'', Mondadori, 2011.</ref><ref name=risorgimento.it>{{cite web |url=http://www.risorgimento.it/php/page_gen.php?id_sezione=5 |title=Il Museo Centrale del Risorgimento al Vittoriano |access-date=2 March 2016 |language=it |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304173631/http://www.risorgimento.it/php/page_gen.php?id_sezione=5 |archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref>

On the entrance stairway of the Central Museum of the Risorgimento are visible engravings related to some significant episodes for the birth of the Risorgimento movement, from the seed thrown by the [[French Revolution]] to the [[Napoleonic Wars]], to better frame and remember the national history included between the reform of the [[List of historic states of Italy|ancient Italian states]] and the end of the First World War. Along the walls, other marble engravings show some pieces of texts enunciated by prominent personalities, which better testify and describe this part of Italian history.<ref name=Busico2005/><ref name=sitoufficiale>{{cite web |url=http://www.risorgimento.it/home_museo_ita.asp |title=Il Museo Centrale del Risorgimento al Vittoriano |access-date=2 March 2016 |language=it |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924091316/http://www.risorgimento.it/home_museo_ita.asp |archive-date=24 September 2015}}</ref>

The Central Museum of the Risorgimento also includes the Shrine of the Flags, a museum where the [[war flag]]s of dissolved military units and decommissioned ships from the [[Italian Army]], [[Italian Air Force]], [[Italian Navy]], [[Carabinieri]], ''[[Polizia di Stato]]'', Penitentiary Police and ''[[Guardia di Finanza]]'' are collected and temporarily stored. In case a unit is reformed, the flags are retrieved by the unit.<ref name=marina /> Access to the shrine is along [[Via dei Fori Imperiali]], where memorabilia, relating mainly to the Risorgimento wars, in which the [[Italian Armed Forces]] took part, are also kept.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.marina.difesa.it/storiacultura/ufficiostorico/musei/sacrario/Pagine/default.aspx |title=Museo Sacrario delle Bandiere delle Forze Armate al Vittoriano |access-date=14 March 2018 |language=it |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180314175457/http://www.marina.difesa.it/storiacultura/ufficiostorico/musei/sacrario/Pagine/default.aspx |archive-date=14 March 2018}}</ref>

The "ala Brasini", reserved for temporary exhibitions, is dedicated to [[Armando Brasini]], the main promoter of the Central Museum. The wing has three exhibition rooms: the "large exhibition hall", with a surface area of {{cvt|700|m2|sqft|0}}, generally hosts art exhibitions, and those that require more space, the "central hall" of {{cvt|400|m2|sqft|0}} and the "jubilee hall" of {{cvt|150|m2|sqft|0}}, are used.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ilvittoriano.com/spazi-espositivi.html |title=Complesso del Vittoriano – Ala Brasini |archive-date=7 September 2017 |access-date=14 April 2018 |language=it |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170907183950/http://www.ilvittoriano.com/spazi-espositivi.html}}</ref>

===National Museum of the Risorgimento of Turin===
{{main|Museum of the Risorgimento (Turin)}}
[[File:Torino-PalazzoCarignanoFronte.jpg|thumb|The National Museum of the Italian Risorgimento in [[Turin]]]]
The [[Museum of the Risorgimento (Turin)|National Museum of the Italian Risorgimento of Turin]] is the first, the biggest and the most important among the 23 museums in Italy dedicated to the [[Risorgimento]]; and the only one which can be considered "national" according to a 1901 law, and due to its rich and great collections. It is housed in the [[Palazzo Carignano]] in [[Turin]].

The museum was established in 1878, shortly after [[Italian unification]], even though it only had its first permanent exhibition in 1908. Originally located in the [[Mole Antonelliana]], in 1938 it was moved to its current site (which had previously housed the Subalpine Chamber of Deputies, from 1848 to 1860, and then the first Italian Chamber of Deputies, from 1861 to 1865).

Its exhibits include weapons, flags, uniforms, printed and written documents (including the original manuscript of the song ''[[Il Canto degli Italiani]]'', dated 10 November 1847 by Goffredo Mameli, now Italian national anthem since 1946), and artworks. The new exhibition, which opened on 18 March 2011, occupies about 3500 square metres across 30 rooms, and covers the real Risorgimento period, stretching from the late 18th century revolutions to the beginning of the [[First World War]]. It includes a specialized library, a print cabinet and a documentary archive.

===Museum of the Risorgimento of Milan===
{{main|Museum of the Risorgimento (Milan)}}
[[File:DSC02741 Milano - Palazzo Moriggia -1775- (Museo del Risorgimento) - Foto Giovanni Dall'Orto - 20 jan 2007.jpg|thumb|The Museum of the Risorgimento of [[Milan]]]]

The [[Museum of the Risorgimento (Milan)|Museum of the Risorgimento of Milan]], located in the 18th-century  [[Milan]]ese Palazzo Moriggia, houses a collection of objects and artworks which illustrate the history of [[Italian unification]] from Napoleon's [[Italian campaign of 1796]] to the [[Capture of Rome|annexation of Rome]] in 1870. The city of Milan played a key role in the process, most notably on the occasion of the 1848 uprising against the Austrians known as the [[Five Days of Milan]].

The museum was founded on a collection of documents on the [[Risorgimento]], gathered for the Exhibition of Turin in 1884 and then moved to the showroom at Milan’s Public Gardens. The exhibition was later transferred to the Rocchetta rooms at the [[Sforza Castle]], where it was officially inaugurated on 24 June 1896. In 1943, due to the war-time bombardment of the castle, the museum was temporarily moved to the estate of [[Casa Manzoni]] (home of the famed Italian poet and novelist Alessandro Manzoni). Finally in 1951 it was housed inside the Moriggia Palace, where it remains today.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.comune.pv.it/museicivici/museistoria/risorgimentomi.htm |title=Museo del Risorgimento di Milano |access-date=2010-02-16 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100304200735/http://www.comune.pv.it/museicivici/museistoria/risorgimentomi.htm |archive-date=2010-03-04 }}</ref>

The museum is part of the Civic Historical Collections. Its collections include [[Baldassare Verazzi]]'s ''Episode from the Five Days'' and [[Francesco Hayez]]'s 1840 ''[[:Image:Francesco Hayez 047.jpg|Portrait]] of Emperor [[Ferdinand I of Austria]]''. The permanent exhibition is displayed to follow the chronological order of events of the Risorgimento, leading the visitor through fifteen rooms, to which the new Weapons Room has been recently added. The latest refurbishment in 1998 included the redesign of the permanent exhibitions, to accentuate the highlights of the collections, particularly the relics.

The museum boasts the green-and-silver velvet cloak and the valuable regal insignia of Napoleon Bonaparte’s coronation, the banner of the Legione Lombarda Cacciatori a Cavallo (Lombard Legion on Horseback) and the first Italian flag. The last renovation saw the redesign of the lighting and information systems, as well as improvements to the ‘Romantic Garden’ behind the building.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.museodelrisorgimento.mi.it/|title=Home|website=Museodelrisorgimento.mi.it|access-date=10 March 2019}}</ref>

===Museum of the Risorgimento of Bologna===
{{main|Museum of the Risorgimento, Bologna}}
[[File:Casacarducci.jpg|right|thumb|Civic Museum of the Risorgimento of Bologna]]
The [[Museum of the Risorgimento, Bologna|Civic Museum of the Risorgimento pf Bologna]] is located in the ground floor of the Casa Carducci, located in Piazza Carducci 5, in central [[Bologna]].

Prior to being a Museum, part of the site had housed the church of the Madonna della Pietà, known commonly as the Madonna del Piombo (Virgin Mary of the Lead). It was so named because it contained a relief of the Madonna etched on a lead plate, attributed to [[Sperandio Savelli]], that had gained veneration. There is also a legend that in the first years of the 16th century the icon had been discovered by youths playing here, near the city walls, and this led to the first chapel, then church.

This church burned down in 1712, but was soon replaced by a frescoed oratory completed in 1752. This oratory whose facade is represented by the three round arches with double central pilasters. After the [[Italian campaigns of the French Revolutionary Wars|Napoleonic occupation]], the members of the company who owned the oratory had the structure deconsecrated and the contents sold off to antiquarians.
The oratory had been decorated by the artists [[Antonio Rossi (painter)|Antonio Rossi]], [[Ercole Graziani the Younger]], [[Gaetano Ferratini]], [[Giuseppe Orsoni]], [[Antonio Gionima]], and [[Lorenzo Garbieri]].<ref>[http://www.emiliaromagna.beniculturali.it/index.php?it/108/ricerca-itinerari/7/86 Beni Culturali Emilia Romagna], history of the church and oratory, curated by Annalisa Sabattini.</ref>

A Bolognese Museum of the Risorgimento was first inaugurated on June 12, 1893. The museum has exhibits that chronicle the history from the [[Napoleonic]] invasions to the end of the [[First World War]]. The main exhibits are divided into 5 eras:
*The Napoleonic Era (1796-1814)
*The Restoration of [[Papal States]] (1815-1848)
*The Epic of the Risorgimento (1848-1860)
*The Unification of Italy (1860-1914)
*Bologna at War (1915-1918)

The Museum houses a library of documents and an archive of diverse items from the period. It houses the a project towards maintenance of the city's monumental cemetery at the [[Certosa di Bologna]].

The museum has varied in scope and themes across the decades. The initial founding of the museum focused on the patriotic events leading to Italian sovereignty and union. During and after the First World War, this conflict was defined as the Fourth War of Independence. Fascism added to the focus, the ideals of a greater Italy, the aggressive colonial wars that led to the formation of [[Italian East Africa]], the Italian intervention in the [[Spanish Civil War]], and the [[Second World War]]. The museum first closed in 1943, and did not reopen until 1954. Fascist wars and goals were now removed as a focus, and the Resistance to Fascism was viewed as the Second Risorgimento. The museum closed again from 1962 to 1975, and now focuses on the history prior to the Italy's entry into World War II.

The museum was located in the present Casa Carducci premises only in 1990, and includes the premises of the oratory. The Casa Carducci was the last home of the poet [[Giosuè Carducci]], who was awarded the Nobel Prize in literature in 1906.<ref>[http://www.comune.bologna.it/risorgimento/introduzione/47649 Official site of Museum].</ref>

===Tricolour Flag Museum===
{{main|Tricolour Flag Museum}}
[[File:Museo del tricolore 06.JPG|thumb|[[Tricolour Flag Museum]]]]
The [[Tricolour Flag Museum]] is located in [[Reggio nell'Emilia]], the city that saw the birth of the [[Flag of Italy|Italian flag]] in 1797, inside the town hall of the city, adjacent to the [[Sala del Tricolore]], whose collection is made up of relics related to the Italian flag.<ref name="Italiano1998">{{cite book|author=Roma. Museo Centrale del Risorgimento Italiano|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b_wazgEACAAJ|title=Mostra storica del tricolore: 1797-1997 : Museo centrale del Risorgimento italiano : Roma, 7 gennaio-30 aprile 1998|date=1998|publisher=Viviani|isbn=978-88-7993-057-4}}</ref>

The museum reconstructs the history of the [[Flag of Italy|Italian flag]], which was adopted in [[Reggio Emilia]] for the first time, right in the nearby [[Sala del Tricolore]]. On 7 January 1797 it was in fact chosen as the [[national flag]] of the [[Cispadane Republic]]: for the first time the tricolour became the national flag of a sovereign Italian state. In fact, previously, the tricolour was used as a [[war flag]] and as a civic symbol of local authorities. It was inspired by the [[French flag]], which at the time was a symbol of freedom against the states of the ''[[ancien régime]]''.

Inaugurated on 7 January 2004, it preserves documents, relics and Italian flags ranging from the arrival of [[Napoleon Bonaparte]] in Reggio Emilia (1796) to its fall (1814), and others from the subsequent [[Italian unification]] period. The part of the museum that houses the latter was inaugurated on 7 January 2006. The dating of the relics preserved goes back to 1897, the year of the first centenary of the Italian flag. There are also a large number of tricolor flags of the Italian pre-unification States.