Editing 1144 (section)

==== Europe ====
* Spring &ndash; [[Italo-Normans|Italo-Norman]] forces under King [[Roger II of Sicily]] invade the [[Papal States]] to force Pope [[Pope Lucius II|Lucius II]] to accept his truce, but the patrician [[Giordano Pierleoni]], brother of the late Antipope [[Antipope Anacletus II|Anacletus II]], leads the Roman populace to proclaim a constitutional republic free of papal authority with regard to civil rule. Pierleoni takes over the papal capital, and establishes the [[Commune of Rome]] in the style of the old [[Roman Republic]].
* Summer &ndash; [[Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou|Geoffrey V]] ('''the Fair''') completes his conquest of [[Duchy of Normandy|Normandy]], which comes under [[Angevin Empire|Angevin]] control. In exchange for being recognised as [[Duke of Normandy]] by King [[Louis VII of France]], Geoffrey surrenders half of the county of [[Vexin]] – a region vital to Norman security – to Louis.
* The city of [[Montauban]] in southern France is founded by Count [[Alfonso Jordan]] of [[County of Toulouse|Toulouse]].
* The city of [[Ljubljana]] (modern [[Slovenia]]) is first mentioned in historical records.<ref name="Artis">Mallinus, Daniel. ''La Yougoslavie''. Brussels: Éd. Artis-Historia, 1988. D/1988/0832/27, pp. 37–39.</ref>