Editing 1207 (section)

==== Europe ====
* [[February 2]] &ndash; [[Terra Mariana]] (or Medieval Livonia), comprising modern-day [[Estonia]] and [[Latvia]], is established as a principality of the [[Holy Roman Empire]]. During its existence there is a constant struggle over supremacy between the lands ruled by the [[Teutonic Order]], the secular German nobility, and the citizens of the [[Hanseatic League|Hanseatic]] towns of [[Riga]] and [[Tallinn|Reval]].
* Prince [[Mstislav Mstislavich]] ("the Daring") clashes with his uncle [[Rurik Rostislavich]], Grand Prince of [[Principality of Kiev|Kiev]], and is forced to surrender the town of [[Torchesk]] (a major centre of resistance against [[Cumans|Polovtsian]] raids).<ref>David Nicolle & Viacheslav Shpakovsky (2001). Osprey: Campaign Nr. 98: ''Kalka River 1223. Genghis Khan's Mongols invade Russia'', p. 19. {{ISBN|1-84176-233-4}}.</ref>
* [[Pope Innocent III]] declares for King [[Philip of Swabia]] as [[Holy Roman Emperor]], a reversal of his previous support for Philip's rival [[Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Otto IV]].