Editing 1601 (section)

=== July–September ===
* [[July 2]] – The Spanish expedition of [[Juan de Oñate]] reaches  the [[Canadian River]] on (the feast day of Biblical Mary Magdalena), in what is now Texas. <ref name=Hoig>Stan Hoig, ''Came Men on Horses: The Conquistador Expeditions of Francisco Vásquez de Coronado and Don Juan de Oñate'' (University Press of Colorado, 2013) pp. 221-230</ref>
* [[July 5]] – The [[Siege of Ostend]], which will last more than three years and claims more than 100,000 casualties for both Spain and the Netherlands, begins as [[Albert VII, Archduke of Austria|Albert of Austria]], Governor General of the Habsburg Netherlands, leads an attack on the Dutch Netherlands fortress at [[Ostend]]. The Spanish forces eventually triumph on September 20, 1604, albeit in a [[Pyrrhic victory]] that will see at least 60,000 soldiers killed, wounded, or dead from disease. <ref>Anna E.C. Simoni, ''The Ostend Story: Early Tales of the Great Siege and the Mediating Role of Henrick Van Haestens'' (BRILL, 2021)</ref>
* [[July 22]] – General [[Yemişçi Hasan Pasha]] is selected as the new [[Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire]] by Sultan [[Mehmed III]], 12 days after the death of Grand Vizier [[Damat Ibrahim Pasha]]. He served for only 15 months before being executed on the Sultan's orders on October 4, 1603.
* [[August 2]] – The Oñate expedition reaches the Rita Blanco River on the day of the Feast of the Porciuncula and follows it northward into Oklahoma. <ref name=Hoig/>
* [[August 3]] – The [[Battle of Guruslău]] takes place in Goroszlo in (now Guruslău in Romania), as [[Wallachia]]n troops led by [[Michael the Brave]] and [[Giorgio Basta]] defeat Transylvanian defenders commanded by [[Sigismund Báthory]]. Wallachia, assisted by Austrian troops from the Holy Roman Empire, retakes the [[Principality of Transylvania (1570–1711)|Principality of Transylvania]] from Ottoman rule. 
* [[September 2]] – [[4th Spanish Armada]] is sent; a fleet of 33 ships and 4,432 men, under the command of Admiral [[Juan del Águila]], departs Portugal after being dispatched to [[Ireland]] by [[Philip III of Spain|King Philip III]]. The Spanish fleet is intended to support an Irish rebellion led by [[Hugh O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone]] and [[Hugh Roe O'Donnell]] against the British.
* [[September 6]] – [[Pope Clement VIII]] issues a decree forbidding the publication of any [[litany]], except that of the saints as found in the liturgical books and the [[Litany of Loreto]]. <ref>"Litany", by Francis Mershman, in ''The Catholic Encyclopedia'' (Robert Appleton Company, 1910)</ref>
* [[September 9]] – The [[siege of Nagykanizsa]], an Ottoman fortress in Hungary, is started by [[Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor|Archduke Ferdinand of Austria]] and lasts for more than two months before being abandoned. 
* [[September 11]] – Queen Elizabeth I summons her 10th, and last, meeting of the English Parliament.
* [[September 19]] – The Juan de Oñate expedition of Spanish explorers first encounters the indigenous [[Escanjaque Indians]] in what is now the U.S. state of [[Kansas]]. The Escanjaques ask the Spaniards to assist them in a war against a rival tribe, the Rayados. Instead, Oñate befriends the Rayados five days later. <ref name=Hoig/> 
* [[September 20]] – The [[siege of Székesfehérvár]], an Ottoman occupied Hungarian fortress, is completed by troops of the [[Holy Roman Empire]] after 16 days. <ref>''The Modern Part of an Universal History from the Earliest Account of Time, Vol. XII: History of the Othman Empire'' (S. Richardson 1759) p. 415</ref> The Ottomans will recapture Székesfehérvár a year later.
* [[September 28]] – The [[Escanjaque Indians]] attack Juan de Oñate's Spanish expedition as the Spaniards are returning from their furthest venture east, the Little Arkansas River. <ref name=Hoig/>