Editing 1818 (section)

=== July–September ===
* [[July 1]] – After a war that began on [[November 5]], [[1817]], the forces of the [[East India Company]] defeat [[Baji Rao II]] in battle and acquire control over the [[Maratha Empire]].<ref>''The Oriental Herald and Journal of General Literature'' April 1826. p. 150.</ref>
* [[July 3]] – English poet [[Lord Byron]], resident in Italy, begins work on his satirical epic ''[[Don Juan (Byron)|Don Juan]]''. Although he completes the first [[canto]] by September 19, he will die in [[1824]] before he can finish the poem, after completing 16 [[canto]]s and working on the 17th.<ref>{{cite book|first=John D.|last=Jump|title=Byron|location=London|publisher=Routledge|year=2016|page=103}}</ref>
* [[July 11]] – The [[Second Bank of the United States|Bank of the United States]] reverses its policy of expanding credit, and sends notices to its borrowers nationwide demanding immediate repayment of balances due; the defaults during the next six months will trigger the [[Panic of 1819]].<ref>"Congressional Register", ''Niles Weekly Register'' July 3, 1824. p. 251.</ref>
* [[July 15]] – U.S. President [[James Monroe]] convenes a cabinet meeting, to discuss whether General [[Andrew Jackson]]'s unauthorized invasion and conquest of [[Spanish Florida]] should be disavowed by the White House. Secretary of State [[John Quincy Adams]] persuades the President that the action is justifiable, in stopping terror caused by the Seminole tribes.<ref>{{cite book|first1=Christopher H.|last1=Pyle|first2=Richard M.|last2=Pious|title=The President, Congress, and the Constitution: Power and Legitimacy in American Politics|publisher=Simon and Schuster|year=1984|page=294}}</ref>
* [[July 29]] – French physicist [[Augustin-Jean Fresnel]] submits his prizewinning "Memoir on the [[Diffraction]] of Light" to the [[French Academy of Sciences]], precisely accounting for the limited extent to which light spreads into shadows, and thereby demolishing the oldest objection to the wave theory of [[light]].
* [[July 31]] – The first newspaper in [[Cleveland]], [[Ohio]] is issued by publisher Andrew Logan.<ref>{{cite book|first=W. Scott|last=Robison|title=History of the City of Cleveland: Its Settlement, Rise and Progress|url=https://archive.org/details/historyofcityofc00robi_0|publisher=Robison & Cockett|year=1887|page=[https://archive.org/details/historyofcityofc00robi_0/page/n39 28]}}</ref> Using the original name of the small settlement (population 172), Logan names the weekly paper ''The Cleaveland Gazette & Commercial Register''.<ref>{{cite book|first=Bob|last=Rich|title=A Touch of Cleveland History: Stories from the First 200 Years|publisher=Gray & Company|year=2013|page=43}}</ref> 
* [[August 1]] – A separate [[Topographical Bureau]] of the [[United States Department of War]] is established.
* [[August 4]] – [[1818 United Kingdom general election]] for the House of Commons. The Tory Party, led by Prime Minister [[Robert Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of Liverpool|Robert Jenkinson]], retains its control of the government but loses some seats.<ref name=Styles/>
* [[September 7]] – [[Charles III John of Norway|Carl III]] of [[Sweden–Norway]] is crowned king of [[Norway]], in [[Trondheim]].
* [[September 23]] – Border markers are formally installed for the European territory of [[Moresnet]].
* [[September]] – Sir [[Stamford Raffles]] sets out to visit [[Francis Rawdon-Hastings, 1st Marquess of Hastings|Lord Hastings]], [[Governor-General of India]], to gain his approval to establish a trading station at the southern tip of the [[Malay Peninsula]] (modern-day [[Singapore]]).