Editing 1854 in science (section)

==Mathematics==
* March 26 – [[Playfair cipher]] first demonstrated, by [[Charles Wheatstone]].
* [[George Boole]]'s work on [[algebraic logic]], ''[[The Laws of Thought|An Investigation of the Laws of Thought on Which are Founded the Mathematical Theories of Logic and Probabilities]]'', published in [[London]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Williams|first=Hywel|title=Cassell's Chronology of World History|url=https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will|url-access=registration|location=London|publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson|year=2005|isbn=0-304-35730-8}}</ref>
* [[Arthur Cayley]] states the original version of [[Cayley's theorem]] and produces the first [[Cayley table]].<ref>{{citation|last=Cayley|first=Arthur|title=On the theory of groups as depending on the symbolic equation θ<sup>n</sup>=1|journal=[[Philosophical Magazine]]|volume=7|issue=4|pages=40–47|year=1854}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|first=Tony|last=Crilly|title=50 Mathematical Ideas you really need to know|location=London|publisher=Quercus|year=2007|isbn=978-1-84724-008-8|page=152}}</ref>
* [[Bernhard Riemann]], a [[German people|German]] mathematician, submits his [[habilitation]] thesis {{Lang|de|Ueber die Darstellbarkeit einer Function durch eine trigonometrische Reihe}} ("About the representability of a function by a trigonometric series"), in which he describes the [[Riemann integral]]. It is published by [[Richard Dedekind]] in [[1867 in science|1867]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.maths.tcd.ie/pub/HistMath/People/Riemann/Trig/|title=Riemann's ''Habilitationsschrift''|accessdate=2008-05-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080520085248/http://www.maths.tcd.ie/pub/HistMath/People/Riemann/Trig/|archivedate=2008-05-20|url-status=live}}</ref>