Editing 1859 in science (section)

==Chemistry==
* [[Sir Benjamin Collins Brodie, 2nd Baronet|Benjamin Collins Brodie]] reports the highly [[Lamella (materials)|lamellar]] structure of thermally reduced [[graphite oxide]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Brodie|first=B. C.|year=1859|title=On the Atomic Weight of Graphite|journal=[[Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London]]|volume=149|pages=249–259|bibcode=1859RSPT..149..249B|jstor=108699|doi=10.1098/rstl.1859.0013|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Geim |first=A. K.|year=2012 |title=Graphene Prehistory|journal=[[Physica Scripta]]|volume=T146|pages=1–4|bibcode=2012PhST..146a4003G|doi=10.1088/0031-8949/2012/T146/014003|doi-access=free}}</ref>
* [[Aleksandr Butlerov]] discovers [[hexamine]].
* [[August Wilhelm von Hofmann|August von Hofmann]] isolates [[sorbic acid]].
* [[Gustav Robert Kirchhoff]] and [[Robert Bunsen]] invent an improved [[spectroscope]].<ref>{{cite journal|title=The discovery of the elements. XIII. Some spectroscopic discoveries|pages=1413–1434|last=Weeks|first=Mary Elvira|author-link=Mary Elvira Weeks|doi=10.1021/ed009p1413|journal=[[Journal of Chemical Education]]|volume=9|issue=8|year=1932|bibcode=1932JChEd...9.1413W}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Robert Bunsen|url=http://www.infoplease.com/biography/var/robertbunsen.html|work=infoplease|publisher=Pearson Education|year=2007|access-date=2011-11-21}}</ref>
* [[Pinacol]] is discovered through [[Pinacol coupling reaction]] by [[Wilhelm Rudolph Fittig]].