Editing 1871 in science (section)

==Physiology and medicine==
* [[Porphyria]] is first explained biochemically by [[Felix Hoppe-Seyler]].<ref>{{cite journal|author=Hoppe-Seyler, F.|title=Das Hämatin|journal=Tübinger Med-Chem Untersuch|year=1871|volume=4|pages=523–33}}</ref>
* [[Friedrich Trendelenburg]] describes the first successful elective human [[tracheotomy]] to be performed for the purpose of administering [[general anaesthesia]].<ref>{{cite journal|first=F|last=Trendelenburg|title=Beiträge zu den Operationen an den Luftwegen|trans-title=Contributions to airways surgery|language=German|journal=Archiv für Klinische Chirurgie|volume=12|pages=112–33|year=1871}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|first=R.|last=Hargrave|title=Endotraheal Anesthesia in Surgery of the Head and Neck|journal=[[Canadian Medical Association Journal]]|volume=30|issue=6|pages=633–7|year=1934|pmc=403396|pmid=20319535}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Bain|first1=J. A.|last2=Spoerel|first2=W. E.|title=Observation on the use of cuffed tracheqstomy tubes (with particular reference to the james tube)|journal=Canadian Anaesthetists' Society Journal|volume=11|pages=598–608|year=1964|doi=10.1007/BF03004104|pmid=14232175|issue=6|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Wawersik|first1=Juergen|title=History of Anesthesia in Germany|journal=Journal of Clinical Anesthesia|volume=3|issue=3|pages=235–44|year=1991|pmid=1878238|doi=10.1016/0952-8180(91)90167-L}}</ref>
* [[Friedrich Miescher]] publishes his 1869 isolation of what will subsequently be called [[nucleic acid]].<ref>Miescher, Friedrich (1871). [https://books.google.com/books?id=YJRTAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA441 "Ueber die chemische Zusammensetzung der Eiterzellen"] (On the chemical composition of pus cells). ''Medicinisch-chemische Untersuchungen'' '''4''':441–460. [https://books.google.com/books?id=YJRTAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA456 From p. 456:] "''Ich habe mich daher später mit meinen Versuchen an die ganzen Kerne gehalten, die Trennung der Körper, die ich einstweilen ohne weiteres Präjudiz als lösliches und unlösliches Nuclein bezeichnen will, einem günstigeren Material überlassend.''{{-"}}  ("Therefore, in my experiments I subsequently limited myself to the whole nucleus, leaving to a more favorable material the separation of the substances, that for the present, without further prejudice, I will designate as soluble and insoluble nuclear material ('Nuclein').")</ref>