Editing 2002 (section)

=== International conflicts ===
[[File:Operation Defensive Shield 82.jpeg|thumb|The [[Israel Defense Forces]] occupying the [[West Bank]] during [[Operation Defensive Shield]]]]
The only direct conflict between nations in 2002 was the [[2001–2002 India–Pakistan standoff|India–Pakistan standoff]] in Kashmir,<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last1=Eriksson |first1=Mikael |last2=Wallensteen |first2=Peter |last3=Sollenberg |first3=Margareta |date=2003 |title=Armed Conflict, 1989-2002 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3648363 |journal=Journal of Peace Research |volume=40 |issue=5 |pages=593–607 |doi=10.1177/00223433030405006 |jstor=3648363 |s2cid=110338545 |issn=0022-3433 |access-date=March 28, 2023 |archive-date=February 10, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210210427/https://www.jstor.org/stable/3648363 |url-status=live |url-access=subscription }}</ref> beginning in late 2001. This conflict was primarily one of [[brinkmanship]], with the threat of [[nuclear warfare]].<ref name=":3" />{{Rp|page=88}} Riots in Gujarat and suicide bombings in [[Jammu]] further escalated tensions.<ref name=":15">{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/timeannual20030000unse/ |title=Time Annual 2003 |publisher=Time Books |year=2003 |isbn=1-929049-90-0 |issn=1097-5721}}</ref>{{Rp|page=87}}

The [[Second Intifada]] continued in 2002 between the [[Israel Defense Forces]] and Palestinian paramilitary groups with an escalation in violence. Palestinian suicide bombings became coordinated to maximize the number of civilian casualties, while the Israeli military killed approximately twice as many Palestinians in retaliation.<ref name=":15" />{{Rp|page=73}} In response to the suicide bombings, Israel carried out [[Operation Defensive Shield]] in March.<ref name=":4" />{{Rp|page=413}} Under this operation, Israel occupied much of [[West Bank]],<ref name=":4" />{{Rp|page=413}} and it and briefly held Palestinian president [[Yasser Arafat]] under house arrest.<ref name=":3" />{{Rp|page=95}} The [[Battle of Jenin (2002)|Battle of Jenin]] was particularly destructive, with the [[United Nations]] finding both parties to be irresponsible regarding [[collateral damage]].<ref name=":3" />{{Rp|page=96}}