Editing A New Way to Pay Old Debts (section)

==The villain==
The play also falls into the category of the "villain play", a drama in which the dominant figure is not a traditional protagonist or hero but his antagonist, a figure of evil. In the context of English Renaissance drama, the villain play grew out of the "ranting Herod" of the Medieval [[morality play]]. In the Elizabethan era, [[Christopher Marlowe]] was the great innovator in the villain play, with ''[[Tamburlaine]],'' ''[[Doctor Faustus (play)|Doctor Faustus]],'' and ''[[The Jew of Malta]]''; [[Shakespeare]]'s ''[[Richard III (play)|Richard III]]'' is another obvious example in the subgenre.

In ''A New Way to Pay Old Debts'', Massinger took the villain play in a new direction of social realism: his villain is not a king or a conqueror but a credible figure from contemporary life. The play's dominating character, Sir Giles Over-reach, is based on the real-life Sir [[Giles Mompesson]]. (Sir Giles' assistant in villainy, Justice Greedy, was suggested by Mompesson's associate Sir Francis Michell.) The power of the role of Sir Giles may lie in Massinger's success in depicting a blatant villain who has a quality of everyday believability. Sir Giles is down-to-earth in his cold malice:

{{blockquote|<poem>
I'll therefore buy some cottage near his manor,
Which done, I'll make my men break ope his fences,
Ride o'er his standing corn, and in the night
Set fire on his barns, or break his cattle's legs.
These trespasses draw on suits, and suits expenses,
Which I can spare, but will soon beggar him.
</poem>|Act II, scene i}}

The audience is presented with a character they might meet in their own lives, to their own cost.